Summary Using a pulsed laser ablation system, Au@Se NPs were efficiently synthesized and incorporated into a polymeric nanofibrous cellulose acetate (CA)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solution prior to electrospinning. Highly crystalline... more
Summary Using a pulsed laser ablation system, Au@Se NPs were efficiently synthesized and incorporated into a polymeric nanofibrous cellulose acetate (CA)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solution prior to electrospinning. Highly crystalline Au@Se NPs were formed in a spherical core/shell configuration with core and shell diameters of 10.5 nm and 25 nm, respectively. The networked scaffolds were decorated with micro-distensions with lengths ranging from 2.8 to 4.3 μm at the lowest Au@Se NPs content. Cell viability analysis confirmed the high biocompatibility of the produced scaffolds, with survival ratios around 91.1±3.4% and 88.2±4.3% at the lowest and highest concentrations of Au@Se NPs, respectively. Obviously, the cells spread and proliferated significantly through the nanofibers. Moreover, the cells not only grew on the surface, but also connected through the deeply porous interior of the NPs. The compositions of these nanofibrous scaffolds can be manipulated to realize a new design for the dressing and healing of wounded tissues.
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In this chapter, the electrical conductivity/resistivity of polymer–carbon composites has been discussed in detail. The types of electrical resistivity and their measurement procedure have been depicted pictorially. The electrical... more
In this chapter, the electrical conductivity/resistivity of polymer–carbon composites has been discussed in detail. The types of electrical resistivity and their measurement procedure have been depicted pictorially. The electrical conductivity of different carbon materials like diamond, graphite, fullerene, carbon fiber, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene are noted and discussed. The different techniques of preparation/processing of conducting polymer/carbon composites are mentioned here within short. Moreover, how the geometry/structure of different carbons controls the electrical conductivity of polymer composites has been critically reviewed. The electrical percolation threshold and the conductivity of polymer/carbon composites that depends on many physical and chemical factors are investigated from different literature sources and reported in this chapter.
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Like electrical conductivity, the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of carbon-containing polymeric composites also goes through a transition phase known as the percolation threshold (PT). In this study, the... more
Like electrical conductivity, the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of carbon-containing polymeric composites also goes through a transition phase known as the percolation threshold (PT). In this study, the applicability of various sigmoidal models such as sigmoidal–Boltzmann (SB), sigmoidal–dose response (SD), sigmoidal–Hill (SH), sigmoidal–logistic (SL), and sigmoidal–logistic-1 (SL-1) to determine the PT of EMI SE has been tested for composites of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) matrix reinforced with various particulate and fibrous carbon fillers. It is observed that the SB and SD models predicted similar PT. On the other hand, other models reported different values when validated for any particular composite system. The difference in results of PT has been discussed in detail from a viewpoint of the benefits and vice versa of these models. Also, the classical percolation theory has been applied to determine the PT of EMI SE for comparison with the values obtained through the sigmoidal models. In order to judge the universal acceptability of these models, the EMI SE results have been tested for various polymeric composites taken from some published literature. The results indicate that all the models except the SL-1 model can be successfully applied for predicting the PT of EMI SE for polymer composites.
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Additional file 1: Figure S1. Scheme for the preparation process of composite a-SWCNT/mwGO coating solution. Figure S2. (a,b,c) Photo images and (d,e,f) SEM micrographs of 60, 45 and 30 ppi RVC samples, respectively. (g) The specific... more
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Scheme for the preparation process of composite a-SWCNT/mwGO coating solution. Figure S2. (a,b,c) Photo images and (d,e,f) SEM micrographs of 60, 45 and 30 ppi RVC samples, respectively. (g) The specific capacitance of a-SWCNT coated RVC electrodes of various porosities in 1 M NaCl solution calculated from cyclic voltammograms recorded in a voltage range between -0.2 to 1.0 V using a three-electrode system vs Ag/AgCl at 5mV/s scan rate. Figure S3. Schematic diagram of the preparation process of ratio 9:1 composite a-SWCNT/mwGO coated RVC electrode. Figure S4. (a and b) Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra, (c) the XRD patterns of the graphite flakes powder and GO film respectively, and (d) Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrum for graphene oxide film. Inset shows SEM and optical images of the (a) graphite flakes powder and (b) the GO film. Figure S5. (a and b) SEM images of GO and mwGO, respectively, (c) the XRD patterns of GO and mwGO and (d and...
Abstract In this chapter, the focus has been put on the electrical conductivity of polymer/graphene composites prepared by different techniques. Initially, we discussed the electrical conductivity of different types of graphenes like... more
Abstract In this chapter, the focus has been put on the electrical conductivity of polymer/graphene composites prepared by different techniques. Initially, we discussed the electrical conductivity of different types of graphenes like pristine graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO, chemically vapor deposited graphene, and liquid exfoliated graphene. Thermally exfoliated pristine graphene showed the highest electrical conductivity; whereas, highly functionalized GO exhibited the lowest conductivity. The electrical percolation threshold and the ultimate conductivity values of these graphene-based polymer composites are reported and discussed elaborately. Several dependent phenomena of electrical conductivity like types of polymer and graphene, loading of graphene, processing techniques, alignment of graphene etc. are presented here in details. Finally, possible applications of these conductive polymer/graphene composites like sensors, electromagnetic interference shielding are mentioned within the text.
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Abstract Polymer/graphene composites have attained great importance in the area of materials due to the combination of excellent properties of graphene as well as polymers. The structure and related characteristics of graphene and... more
Abstract Polymer/graphene composites have attained great importance in the area of materials due to the combination of excellent properties of graphene as well as polymers. The structure and related characteristics of graphene and polymers together impart great influence in determining the final properties of polymer/graphene composites. Therefore, it is very essential to understand the structure-property relationship that helps tailor desired properties of composites as per the final application. This chapter deals with the basics of important properties of graphene and polymer/graphene composites. Multiple factors based on the structure of graphene, its fabrication process, functionalities of graphene, polymer chemical and physical structure, and its behavior with each other are thoroughly discussed. Further, the effect of these factors on the final properties of composite is thoroughly explained citing examples from literature.
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Herein we report new multiblock chalcone conjugate phthalimide and naphthalimide functionalized copolymers with a topologically novel architecture synthesis using nucleophilic substitution and polycondensation methodology. The structures... more
Herein we report new multiblock chalcone conjugate phthalimide and naphthalimide functionalized copolymers with a topologically novel architecture synthesis using nucleophilic substitution and polycondensation methodology. The structures of the synthesized novolacs were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic analysis including FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Further, the number-average and weight-average molecular weights of the novolac polymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). We examined the solubility of the synthesized polymers in various organic solvents including CHCl3, CH3CN, THF, H2O, CH3OH, DMSO, and DMF and found they are insoluble in both methanol and water. The novolac polymers were evaluated for their photophysical properties and microbial activities. The investigation of the antimicrobial activities of these polymers reveals significant antimicrobial activity against the pathogens E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, and A. niger.
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In this chapter, the discussion has been made on some important methodologies to prepare polymer/carbon composites. These procedures are solution mixing technique, melt mixing technique, in situ polymerization technique, dry mixing... more
In this chapter, the discussion has been made on some important methodologies to prepare polymer/carbon composites. These procedures are solution mixing technique, melt mixing technique, in situ polymerization technique, dry mixing technique, powder mixing technique, and aqueous mixing technique. Solution mixing has been categorized into evaporative casting, vacuum filtration, 3D printing, and wet spinning. In the melt mixing process, the discussion has been focused on melt blending through internal mixer and melt spinning. Some diagrams have been drawn and discussed for better understanding of the composite preparation processes. The advantages and disadvantages associated with the composite preparation processes are mentioned herein where necessary.
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Abstract Fluorescent 1,8-acridiendione and pharmaceutically active isatin derivatives, connected via 1H-1,2,3-triazole bridge, has been designed by in silico molecular modeling and synthesized as a model compound to study of... more
Abstract Fluorescent 1,8-acridiendione and pharmaceutically active isatin derivatives, connected via 1H-1,2,3-triazole bridge, has been designed by in silico molecular modeling and synthesized as a model compound to study of solvatochromism, photophysical analysis and biological studies. Solvatochromic study of the synthesized compound has been studied with wide range of polar and nonpolar solvents including water. Emission of the compound 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered acridinedione-isatin (IAH) has also been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Further, these compounds have been subjected to antimicrobial efficacy towards microbial pathogens that are believed to cause varied nosocomial infections. We observed effective MIC values for the synthesized hybrid molecule against selected bacterial pathogens particularly, E. coli, P. vulgaris exhibited MIC values of 7.80, and 15.0 μg/mL respectively. In silico docking simulations of synthesized molecule IAH displayed the most efficient binding interactions with outer membrane permeability protein OprD. Also, the promising biological activity and computational ADME study indicates that the molecule IAH is significant and efficient for their potential as therapeutic drugs.
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This work is based on the effect of different gamma doses with pre- and post-alpha-irradiated PM-355 polymer (polycarbonate of allyl diglycol). The phase crystallinity and structural analysis of the reference and irradiated PM-355 polymer... more
This work is based on the effect of different gamma doses with pre- and post-alpha-irradiated PM-355 polymer (polycarbonate of allyl diglycol). The phase crystallinity and structural analysis of the reference and irradiated PM-355 polymer were analyzed using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. It is revealed that the irradiation and etching reduce the %crystallinity but increase the crystallite size of the PM-355 polymer. The increase in crystallite size of PM-355 polymer after irradiation is supported by the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. The etching of the samples results in an increase in its track diameter. The optical band gap energy, measured by ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, shows a decrement trend with the increase of gamma and alpha irradiation doses, and etching for all sets of samples under investigation. The number of carbon atoms per conjugation and per cluster has increased after gamma irradiation and etching. However, the increment is more pro...
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Here, a comparison between four mesoporous siliceous compounds is conducted to investigate the effect of support on formation and catalytic behavior of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. The four investigated supports are: the commercially... more
Here, a comparison between four mesoporous siliceous compounds is conducted to investigate the effect of support on formation and catalytic behavior of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. The four investigated supports are: the commercially available MCM-41, SBA-15 and MCM-48, in addition to the home-made TUD-1 material. The same amount of Pd (Si/Pd = 200) was impregnated in the four mesoporous samples by using water as a solvent, and no further activation/reduction was performed. The obtained characterization data showed that SBA-15 accommodated the maximum amount of PdO nanoparticles that located inside its channels, while the maximum surface area after impregnation was obtained in MCM-48 sample. The four Pd samples was used to catalyze the solvent-free reduction of cyclopentene at room temperature by using 1 atm of hydrogen gas. Pd-TUD-1 exhibited the maximum activity with a total TOF of 4.83 s−1, while the TOF of SBA-15 was 2.28 s−1. The activity results clearly show the effect of the open three dimensional structure of TUD-1 in offering the maximum accessibility to and from Pd nanoparticles’ active sites.
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Abstract Graphene is one of the most versatile conducting filler particles being used in the polymer matrix composites field. Recent patents in the polymer-graphene nanocomposites field are discussed in this chapter. Being a conducting... more
Abstract Graphene is one of the most versatile conducting filler particles being used in the polymer matrix composites field. Recent patents in the polymer-graphene nanocomposites field are discussed in this chapter. Being a conducting filler, the majority of the graphene containing nanocomposites mainly finds application where electrical or thermal conductivity is utilized. Another significant characteristic of graphene is their exceptionally high mechanical properties which makes its composites useful where high mechanical properties are expected. A large number of such patents in the graphene-polymer nanocomposites field are commercialized and being applied in numerous fields that affect daily life, such as electrical/electronics, automobile, aerospace, solar cells, sensors, and packaging films.
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Abstract Freestanding carbon nanofibers loaded with bimetallic hollow nanocage structures were synthesized. The nanocages inherited the rhombic dodecahedral morphology of the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) precursors, ZIF-8 and... more
Abstract Freestanding carbon nanofibers loaded with bimetallic hollow nanocage structures were synthesized. The nanocages inherited the rhombic dodecahedral morphology of the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) precursors, ZIF-8 and ZIF-67. As anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the bimetallic nanocage-loaded freestanding carbon nanofibers effectively buffered volume expansions and alleviated pulverization through their different reduction and oxidation potentials. The higher capacities of the composite anodes arose via the formation of the LixZn alloy and Li2O by Zn and Co ions, respectively, and the enhanced conductivity conferred by the carbon nanofibers. A synergistic effect of the composite components toward the strong electrochemical performance (688 mA h·g−1 at 1200 mA·g−1) of the bimetallic nanocage-loaded fibers was demonstrated through the superior long-term stability of the anode (1048 mA h·g−1 after 300 cycles at 100 mA·g−1), suggesting that the fabricated anode can be a promising material for use in portable LIBs.
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The three-dimensional (3D) composite electrodes were prepared by depositing different amounts of acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (a-SWCNTs) on porous reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) through the electrochemical... more
The three-dimensional (3D) composite electrodes were prepared by depositing different amounts of acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (a-SWCNTs) on porous reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) through the electrochemical deposition method. The SWCNT was functionalized by the reflux method in nitric acid and was proven by Raman and visible spectra. The optimum time for sonication to disperse the functionalized SWCNT (a-SWCNT) in dimethyl formamide (DMF) well was determined by UV spectra. The average pore size of RVC electrodes was calculated from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Moreover, the surface morphology of composite electrodes was also examined by SEM study. All 3D electrodes were evaluated for their electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry. The result showed that the value of specific capacitance of the electrode increases with the increase in the amount of a-SWCNT in geometric volume. However, the value of specific capacitance per gram decreases ...
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Electrospun polymer nanofibers (EPNFs) as one-dimensional nanostructures are characterized by a high surface area-to-volume ratio, high porosity, large number of adsorption sites and high adsorption capacity. These properties nominate... more
Electrospun polymer nanofibers (EPNFs) as one-dimensional nanostructures are characterized by a high surface area-to-volume ratio, high porosity, large number of adsorption sites and high adsorption capacity. These properties nominate them to be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of water pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes and other pollutants. Organic dyes are considered one of the most hazardous water pollutants due to their toxic effects even at very low concentrations. To overcome this problem, the adsorption technique has proven its high effectiveness towards the removal of such pollutants from aqueous systems. The use of the adsorption technique depends mainly on the properties, efficacy, cost and reusability of the adsorbent. So, the use of EPNFs as adsorbents for dye removal has received increasing attention due to their unique properties, adsorption efficiency and reusability. Moreover, the adsorption efficiency and stability of EPNFs in aqueous media can be ...
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Textile manufacturing has been one of the highest polluting industrial sectors. It represents about one-fifth of worldwide industrial water pollution. It uses a huge number of chemicals, numerous of which are carcinogenic. The textile... more
Textile manufacturing has been one of the highest polluting industrial sectors. It represents about one-fifth of worldwide industrial water pollution. It uses a huge number of chemicals, numerous of which are carcinogenic. The textile industry releases many harmful chemicals, such as heavy metals and formaldehyde, into water streams and soil, as well as toxic gases such as suspended particulate matter and sulphur dioxide to air. These hazardous wastes, may cause diseases and severe problems to human health such as respiratory and heart diseases. Pollution caused by the worldwide textile manufacturing units results in unimaginable harm, such as textile polymers, auxiliaries and dyes, to the environment. This review presents a systematic and comprehensive survey of all recently produced high-performance textiles; and will therefore assist a deeper understanding of technical textiles providing a bridge between manufacturer and end-user. Moreover, the achievements in advanced applicatio...
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Novel ecofriendly adsorbents, cellulose acetate/graphene oxide (CA-GO) nanocomposite, were prepared from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste for removing Ni2+ ions from wastewater. Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by the oxidation of sugarcane... more
Novel ecofriendly adsorbents, cellulose acetate/graphene oxide (CA-GO) nanocomposite, were prepared from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste for removing Ni2+ ions from wastewater. Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by the oxidation of sugarcane bagasse using ferrocene under air atmosphere. Cellulose acetate (CA) was also prepared from sugarcane bagasse by extraction of cellulose through a successive treatments with sulfuric acid (10% v/v), sodium hydroxide (5% w/v), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide, and finally, followed by acetylation. CA-GO was prepared via mixing of GO and CA in the presence of calcium carbonate and different concentrations of GO, including 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt% relative to the weight of CA. The CA-GO nanocomposite showed porous microstructures with high surface area, which enhance their ability towars the adsorption of Ni2+ ions from wastewater. The morphological properties of the prepared adsorbents were explored by scanning electron micro...
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The high surface area and porosity of self-nitrogen-doped porous carbons (SNPCs) nominates them for potential application in water treatment due to their high efficiency towards the removal of various pollutants. In this study, SNPCs were... more
The high surface area and porosity of self-nitrogen-doped porous carbons (SNPCs) nominates them for potential application in water treatment due to their high efficiency towards the removal of various pollutants. In this study, SNPCs were fabricated from poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene) (P(1,5-DANPh) by single and simultaneous carbonization at the activation step at different temperatures (600, 700, and 800 °C). The carbonization’s temperature plays a vital role in controlling the nitrogen-doping, surface area, porosity, and morphology of SNPCs. The SNPCs-7 sample prepared at 700 °C showed the highest surface area (1678.8 m2 g−1) with pore volume (0.943 cm3 g−1) with a micro/meso porous structure. The prepared SNPCs were used as an effective adsorbent for removal of crystal violet dye (CV) from contaminated water. SNPCs-7 showed the highest adsorption of 487.53 mg g−1 and the adsorption capacity of the SNPCs samples follows the order SNPCs-7 > SNPCs-8 > SNPCs-6, which is consisten...
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This study presents a fast and effective method to synthesize 2D boron nitride/tungsten nitride (BN–WN) nanocomposites for tunable bandgap structures and devices. A few minutes of synthesis yielded a large quantity of high-quality 2D... more
This study presents a fast and effective method to synthesize 2D boron nitride/tungsten nitride (BN–WN) nanocomposites for tunable bandgap structures and devices. A few minutes of synthesis yielded a large quantity of high-quality 2D nanocomposites, with which a simple, low-cost deep UV photo-detector (DUV-PD) was fabricated and tested. The new device was demonstrated to have very good performance. High responsivity up to 1.17 A/W, fast response-time of lower than two milliseconds and highly stable repeatability were obtained. Furthermore, the influences of operating temperature and applied bias voltage on the properties of DUV-PD as well as its band structure shift were investigated.
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This work is aimed at improving the electrosorption capacity of carbon nanotube/reticulated vitreous carbon- (CNT/RVC-) based 3D electrodes and decreasing the duration of electrosorption-desorption cycles by facilitating the ions’... more
This work is aimed at improving the electrosorption capacity of carbon nanotube/reticulated vitreous carbon- (CNT/RVC-) based 3D electrodes and decreasing the duration of electrosorption-desorption cycles by facilitating the ions’ adsorption and desorption on the electrode surface. This was achieved by preparing composites of microwave-irradiated graphene oxide (mwGO) with CNT. All composite materials were coated on RVC by the dip-coating method. The highest loading level was 50 mg. This is because it exhibited the maximum electrosorption capacity when tested in terms of geometric volume. The results showed that the 9-CNT/mwGO/RVC electrode exhibited 100% capacitive deionization (CDI) cyclic stability within its 1st five cycles. Moreover, 27.78% time was saved for one adsorption-desorption cycle using this electrode compared to the CNT/RVC electrode. In addition, the ion removal capacity of NaCl by the 9-CNT/mwGO/RVC electrode with respect to the mass of the electrode (3.82 mg/g) ha...
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The aim of this work is to manage the waste product based on polyethylene (PE) films by recycling and reusing it as antistatic material for electronic packaging and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material for protecting... more
The aim of this work is to manage the waste product based on polyethylene (PE) films by recycling and reusing it as antistatic material for electronic packaging and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material for protecting electronic equipment from interference of EM radiation. To achieve this, a conductive carbon black has been mixed with the PE waste at different weight percent values by ultrasonication via a solution mixing process. Mixing time for sonication was determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectra. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study showed that the low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) are immiscible in their blend composition. The tensile properties of PE have reduced substantially after reprocessing. However, the addition of carbon black has improved its strength up to a certain loading. The electrical percolation threshold values, calculated using the classical power law and sigmoidal Boltzmann model...
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In the present work, a new series of cross-linked copolymers based on itaconic anhydride and methyl methacrylate were prepared employing free radical copolymerization in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator and... more
In the present work, a new series of cross-linked copolymers based on itaconic anhydride and methyl methacrylate were prepared employing free radical copolymerization in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator and 2-butanone as a solvent under microwave irradiation. The copolymers containing itaconic anhydride (ITA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were chosen due to the formation of long-term stable anhydride moieties, which might be useful to attach enzymes covalently with numerous applications in water treatment. The copolymerization process was carried out in the presence of two types of cross-linking agent, namely, ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) in a range of 0-20% (w/w) to explore their effect on the thermal and stiffness properties of the obtained cross-linked copolymers. Increasing the ratio of the cross-linking agent, the copolymers prefer to precipitate rather than form a gel during the polymerization process. While using ethylene dimet...
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This article focuses on the preparation of extrusion printing composite inks of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) dispersed separately in iota-carrageenan (IC) and glycerine (G) solution. Both composites (IC-MWNT and G-MWNT) showed... more
This article focuses on the preparation of extrusion printing composite inks of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) dispersed separately in iota-carrageenan (IC) and glycerine (G) solution. Both composites (IC-MWNT and G-MWNT) showed shear-thinning behavior when their flow characteristics were tested. Conductive solid tracks/patterns of both printed composite inks were deposited on glass slide, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) sheet, and IC gel films substrates. The conductive patterns were characterized with microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and profilometer. Moreover, their contact angle and electrical conductivity were measured. Profilometry showed that increased number of extruded layers gave increased cross-sectional area. SEM study showed that printing ink is embedded into the surface of IC film, discontinuous on glass slide and smoother on PET sheet. Conductivity of IC-MWNT track was 9 ± 1 S/m and that of G-MWNT was 2942 ± 84 S/m on glass substrate of one layer thi...
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The goal of this article is to increase the electrode performance of 3D CNT/RVC electrodes by improving the ease of ion adsorption to and ion desorption from the electrode surfaces. This achievement was done by preparing different... more
The goal of this article is to increase the electrode performance of 3D CNT/RVC electrodes by improving the ease of ion adsorption to and ion desorption from the electrode surfaces. This achievement was done by preparing different composites of synthesized microwave-irradiated graphene oxide (mwGO) with CNT and coated on RVC. The morphology of GO was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Its surface property was checked by energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectra; whereas, for mwGO by XRD, Raman spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), which revealed some structural changes of GO after irradiation, where CNTs, being sandwiched between graphene layers, built 3D highly porous architecture inside the electrodes. The electrochemical test of composite electrodes showed increased electrodes conductivity and afforded rapid ions diffusion. It is observed that the 9-CNT/mwGO/RVC composite...
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Acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (a-SWCNT)-coated reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) composite electrodes have been prepared and the use of these electrodes in capacitive deionization (CDI) cells for water desalination has... more
Acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (a-SWCNT)-coated reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) composite electrodes have been prepared and the use of these electrodes in capacitive deionization (CDI) cells for water desalination has been the focus of this study. The performance of these electrodes was tested based on the applied voltage, flow rate, bias potential and a-SWCNT loadings, and then evaluated by electrosorption dynamics. The effect of the feed stream directly through the electrodes, between the electrodes, and the distance between the electrodes in the CDI system on the performance of the electrodes has been investigated. The interaction of ions with the electrodes was tested through Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. A new CDI cell was developed, which shows an increase of 23.96% in electrosorption capacity compared to the basic CDI cells. Moreover, a comparison of our results with the published results reveals that RVC/a-SWCNT electrodes produce 16 times mor...
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Highly colloidal Eu-doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles(core-NPs) were synthesized by thermal decomposition via weak base at low temperature (150oC), subsequently, silica layers were deposited to increased colloidal stability, solubility,... more
Highly colloidal Eu-doped Gd2O3 nanoparticles(core-NPs) were synthesized by thermal decomposition via weak base at low temperature (150oC), subsequently, silica layers were deposited to increased colloidal stability, solubility, biocompatibility and no-toxicity at the environmental condition. XRD results indicate the highly purified, crystalline, single phase cubic phase Gd2O3 nanocrystals. TEM image shows the mesoporous thick silica layer was effectively coated over the core nanocrystals, which have irregular size with nearly spherical shape and a mean grain size is about 10-30 nm. Absorption spectra and zeta potential results in aqueous media revealed that solubility, colloidal stability, and biocompatibility character was enhanced from core to core-shell structure because of silica layer surface encapsulation. The samples demonstrate excellent photoluminescence properties (dominant emission 5D0→7F2 transition in red region at 610 nm) indicated the advantage to use in optical bio-detection and bio-labeling etc. The photoluminescence intensity of the silica shell modified core/shell nanoparticles were suppressed relatively core-nanoparticles, it indicates the multi-photon relaxation pathways arising from the surface coated high vibrational energy molecules of the silanol groups. The core/nSiO2/mSiO2 nanocrystals display strong emission (5D0→7F2) transition along with excellent solubility and biocompatibility, which may find promising applications in photonic based biomedical applications.