Papers by D.S.A Munasinghe
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE FACULTY OF ARTS & UNDERSTANDING CHINESE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE 2020
Chinese Shadow Puppetry (CSP) is considered an Intangible Cultural Heritage because of its origin... more Chinese Shadow Puppetry (CSP) is considered an Intangible Cultural Heritage because of its origin and uniqueness in performance style. Puppetry is the earliest form of art and has contained the potential to communicate philosophical and religious ideas in China for generations. The specialty of CSP is using a shadow as the basic performing technique, and the concept of projecting a shadow to a screen is vital as it paved the way for the cinema and other image-based art. CSP encompasses a wide range as it has its own mechanisms, culture, history, tradition, and philosophy. Even in this digital age CSP and its unique characteristics exist. This research studies the elements and characteristics of CSP. CSP dates back to the Han Dynasty; therefore, the timeline of the research is from the 2nd Century BC to the present. The research objectives are examining the origin and evolution, techniques and traditions, and development and current status of CSP, along with its contribution to cinema and the digital age. As the study is based on intangible cultural heritage, it is classified as qualitative research based on textual studies. Several studies have been conducted on sensation, perception, and information processing in CSP. Chinese Shadow Theatre (Chen, 2007) and The Symbolic Aesthetics of Shadow Play or the perseverance of puppet theatre in the digital age (Honorato, 2013) are some key sources used for the analysis of the research. In conclusion, CSP exists as a living art due to its liveliness, performance, and shadow experience. On the other hand, this form of puppetry not only entertains people but has also worked as a communication tool and a method of conveying ideologies cum philosophical and religious ideas across generations.
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FACULTY OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO SRI LANKA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE FACULTY OF ARTS & UNDERSTANDING CHINESE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE 2020
Chinese Shadow Puppetry (CSP) is considered an Intangible Cultural Heritage because of its origin... more Chinese Shadow Puppetry (CSP) is considered an Intangible Cultural Heritage because of its origin and uniqueness in performance style. Puppetry, being the earliest form of art, has contained the potential to communicate philosophical and religious ideas in China for generations. The specialty of CSP is using a shadow as the basic performing technique, and the concept of projecting a shadow to a screen is vital as it paved the way for the cinema and other image-based art. CSP encompasses a wide range as it has its own mechanisms, culture, history, tradition, and philosophy. Even in this digital age CSP and its unique characteristics exist. This research examines the elements, styles, and techniques of CSP. The research objectives of the study are identifying the techniques and mechanisms of shadow puppetry, studying aesthetic traditions, studying the origin and evolution of CSP, and examining the contemporary use of CSP. The study was conducted using qualitative research methods based on textual studies. CSP has a few major styles – Northern Central Style, Northeastern Style, Western Style, Southwestern Style, Central Style, and Southeastern Style – and the technique of the shadow puppetry is well-organized and developed. Through the study we can say that CSP, with its well-organized technique and style, can be considered a human attempt to project an image in motion onto a screen.
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FACULTY OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO SRI LANKA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE FACULTY OF ARTS & UNDERSTANDING CHINESE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE 2020
Chinese Shadow Puppetry (CSP) is considered an Intangible Cultural Heritage because of its origin... more Chinese Shadow Puppetry (CSP) is considered an Intangible Cultural Heritage because of its origin and uniqueness in performance style. Puppetry is the earliest form of art and has contained the potential to communicate philosophical and religious ideas in China for generations. The specialty of CSP is using a shadow as the basic performing technique, and the concept of projecting a shadow to a screen is vital as it paved the way for the cinema and other image-based art. CSP encompasses a wide range as it has its own mechanisms, culture, history, tradition, and philosophy. Even in this digital age CSP and its unique characteristics exist. This research studies the elements and characteristics of CSP. CSP dates back to the Han Dynasty; therefore, the timeline of the research is from the 2nd Century BC to the present. The research objectives are examining the origin and evolution, techniques and traditions, and development and current status of CSP, along with its contribution to cinema and the digital age. As the study is based on intangible cultural heritage, it is classified as qualitative research based on textual studies. Several studies have been conducted on sensation, perception, and information processing in CSP. Chinese Shadow Theatre (Chen, 2007) and The Symbolic Aesthetics of Shadow Play or the perseverance of puppet theatre in the digital age (Honorato, 2013) are some key sources used for the analysis of the research. In conclusion, CSP exists as a living art due to its liveliness, performance, and shadow experience. On the other hand, this form of puppetry not only entertains people but has also worked as a communication tool and a method of conveying ideologies cum philosophical and religious ideas across generations.
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Vimarśana; úu¾Yk Journal of Junior Staff Development Programme, FSS, 2021 ISSN 2806-5077
Revitalizing Negombo's Historical Heritage: Exploring the Potential of Promoting Negombo Dutch Fo... more Revitalizing Negombo's Historical Heritage: Exploring the Potential of Promoting Negombo Dutch Fort and Ancient Houses as Archaeological Tourist Attractions
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Vimarśana; úu¾Yk Journal of Junior Staff Development Programme, FSS, 2021 ISSN 2806-5077
The Coins and Numismatics Gallery of the National Museum of Colombo and there Demonstrative chara... more The Coins and Numismatics Gallery of the National Museum of Colombo and there Demonstrative characteristics
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The Society of South Asian Archaeology (SOSSA) 7 th International Congress -2020
The Kuruvita railway yard can be identified as one of the railway stations on the old Kelani vall... more The Kuruvita railway yard can be identified as one of the railway stations on the old Kelani valley Narrow Gauge Railway Line that runs through Sabaragamuwa Province which commenced construction in 1900 and extended in 1908 from Avissawella to Kuruvita and currently abounded. According to the Colonial architectural tradition, this railway station was created due to industrial activity and the need to manage the heritage as an industrial archaeological heritage can be identified. Our research problem is to identify the vulnerabilities that are influencing the monument and the purpose is to create a heritage management plan for it by proposing conservation of the remaining buildings. Identifying the potential to make this monument a knowledge hub and research centre in the tourism promotion zone created in connection with the Kuruvita Batadomba-lena Prehistoric archaeological heritage and to make arrangements to declare it as a Archaeological Protected Monument is our another aim. We used the Intensive systematic field survey method and nonstructural interviews to collect data. Firstly, we did a library consultation of primary and secondary sources like administrative reports and maps were used to identify sensitive assessment of its history and merits. Measurements, models and photographs were used to record the monument. Ambalama, two-storied ticket counter building, two-storied good shed and the water column were identified as four main buildings. The explorations identified the degeneration caused by the reuse of the monument as well as the damage caused by the plant roots and the need for urgent in-situ conservation. Appropriate chemical treatments for organic degradation should also be applied here. The study of this monument provides detailed knowledge of the structure, technology, architectural traditions and materials used of an industrial building belonging to the Colonial era. Those buildings are structures which require ongoing maintenance to prevent them falling into disrepair as a result of the ravages of time and use. The phrase covers a wide span of activities, from the cleaning of the interior or exterior of a building to the rebuilding of damaged or derelict buildings. This monument can be named as an Industrial Archaeological Heritage as identified by exploratory data analysis and according to the Nizhny Tagil Charter. Also, it can be designated as an Archaeological Protected Monument under the Antiquity Ordinance of Sri Lanka.
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Journal of Intangible Cultural Heritage
Many agricultural societies around the world follow different creeds, beliefs and rituals for the... more Many agricultural societies around the world follow different creeds, beliefs and rituals for the sake of fertility. Evidence is found in the creed of Samai-Mai in the Kapilavastu District of the Tarai plain in Nepal and the creed of Pulleyar in the Nuwara-Kalaviya region of the dry zone plain of Sri Lanka. The purpose of this research is to compare both creeds. The research used several data collective methods, including a field study on the Samai-Mai faith, non-structured interviews, primary qualitative data from direct observation, and secondary data from the desktop exploration on the Pulleyar faith. Photographing was also conducted by a random field study. For the interviews, a sample of villagers from the Tilaurkot area of the Kapilavastu District and archaeologists from the UNESCO Kapilavastu project were used. The people of Kapilavastu and Nuwar-Eliya, who lead a traditional agricultural life, worship the goddess Samai-Mai and the god Pulleyar to accomplish their tasks. The beliefs, customs, rites, rituals and forms of communication created through those beliefs can be identified. These gods are not represented in human form. Both gods are entrusted with the protection and prosperity of all the corporations of these agricultural communities, such as houses, lands, farms and livestock, tank and other water supply methods and forests. These beliefs, which have many similarities in purpose and objective, are vastly unequal because of some of their physical forms. Accordingly, the anthropological values inherent in these dual beliefs have been built, and it can be pointed out that they have been operating on an agro-economic basis since time immemorial with many similarities and differences.
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nternational Conference on the Humanities(ICH 2020/21)
Classical western literature such as Greek Epic poetry tend to portray the interventions of gods ... more Classical western literature such as Greek Epic poetry tend to portray the interventions of gods in human conflicts, as well as the gods who embody human qualities. Being one of the first written records of Greek mythology, the Iliad is a classic example to understand this intervention from the beginning to the end. Homer (c. 750 BCE) is perhaps the greatest of all epic poets and his legendary status was well established by the time of Classical Athens. He has composed two well-known poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey, which were created and transmitted orally as they were not written down until much later. Therefore, this study intends to analyse the epic poem the Iliad by Homer, with a view on understanding anthropomorphic characteristics of ancient Olympian gods, while examining the interventions of those Gods in human conflicts. Since this is a study which is based on the classical literature, it was conducted by using qualitative research methods such as textual analysis. Homeric Opera in five volumes by Oxford University Press (1920), The Iliad by Homer with an English Translation by A.T. Murray and published by Harvard University Press; London (1924) were the two Iliad editions that was used for this study. According to the Homeric literature, the control of everything is vested in the hands of the gods, who are represented as the controllers of human lives. Thus, in order to control or intervene with human affairs, the gods disguise themselves as animals or people. Therefore, this study concludes that Homer has portrayed the Olympian Gods with both divine qualities and anthropomorphic features in the epic poem Iliad
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Junior Academic Staff Symposium , 2022
Fossil animals (Ratnapura fauna) with man-made chopping and cutting tools that have been discover... more Fossil animals (Ratnapura fauna) with man-made chopping and cutting tools that have been discovered from the alluvial soil deposits (gem-containing) in the Ratnapura Deposits, can be considered as ancient stone tools. These findings named as the “Ratnapura Industry” represent the Pleistocene of the Quaternary period according to the Geological Time Scale. This stone tool was found from the upper soil layer of the Thalagahakanda gem mine in Theppanawa Grama Niladhari Division of the Kuruwita Divisional Secretariat. The research problem of this study is to find what is the tradition of this stone tool represent according to the archaeological chronology. Presentation of relative dating for the aforesaid stone tool and identification of its technology can be pointed out as the purpose of this research. The hypothetical deductive method was used during the research and based on the hypothesis that this stone tool represents the lower palaeolithic period, the data record was created by the direct observation, comparison of models, and by taking measurements. Moreover, nonstructured interviews were conducted with five archaeologists. This stone tool had made of chert and marks formed because of flaking off can be identified from the center of its dorsal surface to the Proximal end. The rest of the stone can be recognized as smooth. Flakes are removed at the Distal end of its Ventral surface and ridges can be seen there. Flakes are also removed from the left and right extremities of the Medal of the stone. The tool was designed to befit the size of the palm. The length and the width of this tool are 152.25mm and 80.17mm respectively whereas its thickness is 38.86mm. The extinct vertebrates indicate that the environment in which they lived was a rainforest savannah and consisted of rivers and large lakes watered by heavy rainfall. It can be pointed out that this kind of technological tradition is followed due to the environmental adaptation of the contemporary man. Therefore, as the result of this research, it can be highlighted that in terms of the technology and the form of the above-mentioned stone tool, it is more likely to belong to the Lower Paleolithic period
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Junior Academic Staff Symposium (JASS) , 2022
Fossil animals (Ratnapura fauna) with man-made chopping and cutting tools that have been discover... more Fossil animals (Ratnapura fauna) with man-made chopping and cutting tools that have been discovered from the alluvial soil deposits (gem-containing) in the Ratnapura Deposits, can be considered as ancient stone tools. These findings named as the “Ratnapura Industry” represent the Pleistocene of the Quaternary period according to the Geological Time Scale. This stone tool was found from the upper soil layer of the Thalagahakanda gem mine in Theppanawa Grama Niladhari Division of the Kuruwita Divisional Secretariat. The research problem of this study is to find what is the tradition of this stone tool represent according to the archaeological chronology. Presentation of relative dating for the aforesaid stone tool and identification of its technology can be pointed out as the purpose of this research. The hypothetical deductive method was used during the research and based on the hypothesis that this stone tool represents the lower palaeolithic period, the data record was created by the direct observation, comparison of models, and by taking measurements. Moreover, nonstructured interviews were conducted with five archaeologists. This stone tool had made of chert and marks formed because of flaking off can be identified from the center of its dorsal surface to the Proximal end. The rest of the stone can be recognized as smooth. Flakes are removed at the Distal end of its Ventral surface and ridges can be seen there. Flakes are also removed from the left and right extremities of the Medal of the stone. The tool was designed to befit the size of the palm. The length and the width of this tool are 152.25mm and 80.17mm respectively whereas its thickness is 38.86mm. The extinct vertebrates indicate that the environment in which they lived was a rainforest savannah and consisted of rivers and large lakes watered by heavy rainfall. It can be pointed out that this kind of technological tradition is followed due to the environmental adaptation of the contemporary man. Therefore, as the result of this research, it can be highlighted that in terms of the technology and the form of the above-mentioned stone tool, it is more likely to belong to the Lower Paleolithic period
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Vimarśana; Journal of Junior Staff Development Programme, FSS, 2021 ISSN 2806-5077iii
Greek civilization holds paramount importance in the history of civilized man. Greek pottery is o... more Greek civilization holds paramount importance in the history of civilized man. Greek pottery is one of the most important resources in examining the significance of Greek civilization as they reveal many important pieces of evidence which help to gather important facts about Greek culture, art and human society. The main objective of this study is to examine the important facts about classical Greek society depicted in ancient Greek pottery. Greece is the birthplace of Western Civilization. Therefore, an important tool for archaeologists and historians in determining the chronology of ancient Greece. The study is based on secondary data collected from different reliable sources of published books, journals, reports and websites, the study was conducted under the qualitative research method based on textual studies. Pottery is a valuable archaeological resource in exploring the history of mankind and also a cultural expression that depicts hidden facts of a civilization. On the other hand, pottery is considered an example of the characteristic of the artistic movement in civilization. Ancient Greeks had given a respectable value to making pottery & pottery Paintings. Black-figure pottery, red-figure pottery and white pottery are the main types of pottery that we found from the Greek civilization and they contain remarkable evidence of the contemporary mythical beliefs and cults. These Greek pottery Paintings express various social activities and social movements in Greek society. In conclusion, then, We can say that through the study of ancient Greek pottery we can examine the Technology, values and social activities in ancient Greek society, which had contributed much to the Technology, art, philosophy, medicine, logic and science of the world civilization.
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Journal of Archaeological Studies in India, 2021
Sri Lanka had maritime trade relations even in the 6 th century BC and we had famous naval ports ... more Sri Lanka had maritime trade relations even in the 6 th century BC and we had famous naval ports used for maritime trade specially for maritime 'Silk Road' used by people who was in Greco-Roman, China, India, Persia for their foreign trade. Therefore Sri Lanka was able to make new economic relationships. In this study, we mainly focused on Sri Lankan maritime trade relationship with Greco-Roman. Our research problem is , what was the trade relationship between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman ?. Our objective is to identify the importance of Sri Lanka along with the Greco-Roman trade. This study was conducted under the qualitative research method using a library survey. From these three sources Literary sources, especially foreign texts have many records about Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman trade. Some of those authors were Cosmos, Pliny, Ptolemy and Strabo. Some archaeological evidence found from ports like Mantai, Godawaya and Kingdoms like Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa. The main archaeological evidence is Roman and Indo-Roman coins for the trade relationship between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman. Certain Indian factors were also important in conducting this research because Sri Lankan trade had a close relationship with Indian trade also. From this research we understood that there was an internal transport system in Sri Lanka, Roman trade was spread many places in Sri Lanka, in some times India and Persia acted as intermediaries between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman trade and the main point we identified was, Sri Lanka was a core in the ancient trade system and by the fifth century AD, Sri Lanka was one of the main trade centres in the Indian Ocean.
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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 2021
Sri Lanka had maritime trade relations even in the 6 century BC and we had famous naval ports use... more Sri Lanka had maritime trade relations even in the 6 century BC and we had famous naval ports used for maritime trade especially for maritime ‘Silk Road’ used by people who were in Greco-Roman, China, India, Persia for their foreign trade. Therefore, Sri Lanka was able to make new economic relationships. In this study, we mainly focused on Sri Lankan maritime trade relationship with Greco-Roman. Our research problem is, what was the trade relationship between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman?. Our objective is to identify the importance of Sri Lanka along with the GrecoRoman trade. This study was conducted under the qualitative research method using a library survey. From these three sources Literary sources, especially foreign texts have many records about Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman trade. Some of those authors were Cosmos, Pliny, Ptolemy and Strabo. Some archaeological evidence was found from ports like Mahathittha, Godawaya and Kingdoms like Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa. The main archaeolog...
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Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021
Sri Lankan prehistoric investigations can be divided into several phases. Identifying the nature ... more Sri Lankan prehistoric investigations can be divided into several phases. Identifying the nature of prehistoric archaeological investigation and research in Sri Lanka between 1992 – 2018 is the research problem of this paper. The main objective of the research is to collect data and information of Prehistoric Archaeological Investigation and Research (Exploration and Excavation) in Sri Lanka between 1992 – 2018 and arrange them in chronological order. In this process data and information were collected using primary and secondary sources through library survey, Field study, web survey and interviews were conducted to obtain more quantitative data The key research findings of the research are based on the identified several extraordinary features of this period compared to the early research periods such as systematic excavations, chronological methods, multidisciplinary approach, researches in associated with new scientific methodologies and innovative scientific methodologies inclu...
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Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021
Sri Lankan prehistoric investigations can be divided into several
phases. Identifying the nature ... more Sri Lankan prehistoric investigations can be divided into several
phases. Identifying the nature of prehistoric archaeological
investigation and research in Sri Lanka between 1992 – 2018 is
the research problem of this paper. The main objective of the
research is to collect data and information of Prehistoric
Archaeological Investigation and Research (Exploration and
Excavation) in Sri Lanka between 1992 – 2018 and arrange them
in chronological order. In this process data and information were
collected using primary and secondary sources through library
survey, Field study, web survey and interviews were conducted to
obtain more quantitative data The key research findings of the
research are based on the identified several extraordinary
features of this period compared to the early research periods such
as systematic excavations, chronological methods, multidisciplinary approach, researches in associated with new scientific
methodologies and innovative scientific methodologies including
genealogical experiments.
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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2021
Sri Lanka had maritime trade relations even in the 6 th century BC and we had famous naval ports ... more Sri Lanka had maritime trade relations even in the 6 th century BC and we had famous naval ports used for maritime trade especially for maritime 'Silk Road' used by people who were in Greco-Roman, China, India, Persia for their foreign trade. Therefore, Sri Lanka was able to make new economic relationships. In this study, we mainly focused on Sri Lankan maritime trade relationship with Greco-Roman. Our research problem is, what was the trade relationship between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman?. Our objective is to identify the importance of Sri Lanka along with the Greco-Roman trade. This study was conducted under the qualitative research method using a library survey. From these three sources Literary sources, especially foreign texts have many records about Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman trade. Some of those authors were Cosmos, Pliny, Ptolemy and Strabo. Some archaeological evidence was found from ports like Mahathittha, Godawaya and Kingdoms like Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa. The main archaeological evidence is Roman and Indo-Roman coins for the trade relationship between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman. Certain Indian factors were also important in conducting this research because Sri Lankan trade had a close relationship with the Indian trade also. From this research we understood that there was an internal transport system in Sri Lanka, Roman trade was spread many places in Sri Lanka, in some times India and Persia acted as intermediaries between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman trade and the main point we identified was, Sri Lanka was a core in the ancient trade system and by the fifth century AD, Sri Lanka was one of the main trade centres in the Indian Ocean.
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Oracle
Ancient Sri Lanka hold an importance in sea trade, as Sri Lanka was located in the middle of the... more Ancient Sri Lanka hold an importance in sea trade, as Sri Lanka was located in the middle of the trading path from western world to Eastern. This became a good opportunity to build trading relationships between Sri Lanka and many other countries. Among them Mediterranean Zone was very special. In this study our main objective is to depict the trading relationships between ancient Sri Lanka and some Mediterranean cultures in keeping our special focus to the ancient Greek and ancient Rome.
There are three types of sources which are very helpful to study these trading relations and they are literary sources, archaeological evidences and numismatics sources.
Sri Lanka was one of the great emporium of the east. Mediterranean merchants imported items for export as well as for exchange. According to the archeological evidences the imported items were cotton, ceramic, different types of colored clothes, drugs of various kinds, horses, Opium, musk, glass, beads, agar-woods and few minerals. Ancient Sri Lanka had indigenous products of high export value such as precious Gems, Pearls, Elephants, Ivory, Tortoise shelfs, valuable woods, Textiles, spices, Cloves, Cardamoms, Pepper and Cinnamons.
There for in conclusion we can consider that there was a strong trading relationship between Sri Lanka and Ancient Rome & Greece.
Key Words: - Mediterranean, literary sources, archaeological evidence, sea trade, trading relationships
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Thesis Chapters by D.S.A Munasinghe
Sri Lankan pre historic investigations can be divided into several phases. Identifying the Nature... more Sri Lankan pre historic investigations can be divided into several phases. Identifying the Nature of the Prehistoric Archaeological Investigation and Research in Sri Lanka between 1992-2018 is the research problem of this paper. Main objective of the research is to Collect data and information of Prehistoric Archaeological Investigation and Research (Exploration and Excavation) in Sri Lanka between 1992-2018 and arrange them in a chronological order. In this process data and information were collected using primary and secondary sources through library survey, Field study, web survey and furthermore interviews were conducted in order to obtain more quantitative data. It could be identified a number of extraordinary features of this period during the progression of this research and especially systematic excavations, chronological methods, multidisciplinary approach, researches in associated with new scientific methodologies and innovative scientific methodologies including genealogical experiments, comparatively to the early research periods.
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Drafts by D.S.A Munasinghe
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Uploads
Papers by D.S.A Munasinghe
phases. Identifying the nature of prehistoric archaeological
investigation and research in Sri Lanka between 1992 – 2018 is
the research problem of this paper. The main objective of the
research is to collect data and information of Prehistoric
Archaeological Investigation and Research (Exploration and
Excavation) in Sri Lanka between 1992 – 2018 and arrange them
in chronological order. In this process data and information were
collected using primary and secondary sources through library
survey, Field study, web survey and interviews were conducted to
obtain more quantitative data The key research findings of the
research are based on the identified several extraordinary
features of this period compared to the early research periods such
as systematic excavations, chronological methods, multidisciplinary approach, researches in associated with new scientific
methodologies and innovative scientific methodologies including
genealogical experiments.
There are three types of sources which are very helpful to study these trading relations and they are literary sources, archaeological evidences and numismatics sources.
Sri Lanka was one of the great emporium of the east. Mediterranean merchants imported items for export as well as for exchange. According to the archeological evidences the imported items were cotton, ceramic, different types of colored clothes, drugs of various kinds, horses, Opium, musk, glass, beads, agar-woods and few minerals. Ancient Sri Lanka had indigenous products of high export value such as precious Gems, Pearls, Elephants, Ivory, Tortoise shelfs, valuable woods, Textiles, spices, Cloves, Cardamoms, Pepper and Cinnamons.
There for in conclusion we can consider that there was a strong trading relationship between Sri Lanka and Ancient Rome & Greece.
Key Words: - Mediterranean, literary sources, archaeological evidence, sea trade, trading relationships
Thesis Chapters by D.S.A Munasinghe
Drafts by D.S.A Munasinghe
phases. Identifying the nature of prehistoric archaeological
investigation and research in Sri Lanka between 1992 – 2018 is
the research problem of this paper. The main objective of the
research is to collect data and information of Prehistoric
Archaeological Investigation and Research (Exploration and
Excavation) in Sri Lanka between 1992 – 2018 and arrange them
in chronological order. In this process data and information were
collected using primary and secondary sources through library
survey, Field study, web survey and interviews were conducted to
obtain more quantitative data The key research findings of the
research are based on the identified several extraordinary
features of this period compared to the early research periods such
as systematic excavations, chronological methods, multidisciplinary approach, researches in associated with new scientific
methodologies and innovative scientific methodologies including
genealogical experiments.
There are three types of sources which are very helpful to study these trading relations and they are literary sources, archaeological evidences and numismatics sources.
Sri Lanka was one of the great emporium of the east. Mediterranean merchants imported items for export as well as for exchange. According to the archeological evidences the imported items were cotton, ceramic, different types of colored clothes, drugs of various kinds, horses, Opium, musk, glass, beads, agar-woods and few minerals. Ancient Sri Lanka had indigenous products of high export value such as precious Gems, Pearls, Elephants, Ivory, Tortoise shelfs, valuable woods, Textiles, spices, Cloves, Cardamoms, Pepper and Cinnamons.
There for in conclusion we can consider that there was a strong trading relationship between Sri Lanka and Ancient Rome & Greece.
Key Words: - Mediterranean, literary sources, archaeological evidence, sea trade, trading relationships