Welcome and Introduction to SPIE Photonics West OPTO conference 11697: MOEMS and Miniaturized Sys... more Welcome and Introduction to SPIE Photonics West OPTO conference 11697: MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems XX
2020 6th International Conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology (ICEAST), 2020
We developed a reconfigurable pinart model that can transform its topographical surface which is ... more We developed a reconfigurable pinart model that can transform its topographical surface which is in three-dimension from a stereographic image captured from a webcam. The model relies on a pneumatic pump and solenoid valves to excite each pin stroke via our custom multiplex control system. The travel displacement for each pin stroke is ten centimeters. The reconfiguration time is less than a few minutes with our demonstration reconfigurable pinart prototype of one hundred pixels.
2018 11th Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON), 2018
This work presents a comparative study of automated screening procedure for Pap smear with deep l... more This work presents a comparative study of automated screening procedure for Pap smear with deep learning technology. Three convolution neural network models (AlexNet, densenet161 and resnet101) were employed for detecting the presence of cervical precancerous or cancerous cells from Pap smear database. The study compares accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and computation time for each deep learning model. The best model is the densenet161 due to its high sensitivity and accuracy which are key factors in an automated Pap smear screening procedure to offer the best early detection of cervical cancer to better treatment outcomes.
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide causing human deaths.Circulating tumor cells(CTC... more Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide causing human deaths.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs) are cells that have detached from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream; they may constitute seeds for subsequent growth of additional tumors(metastasis) in different tissues. The detection of CTCs may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications but, because their number is very small, these cells are not easily detected. Circulating tumor cells are found in the order of 10–100 CTCs per m L of whole blood in patients with metastatic disease. Isolation of tumor cells circulating in the blood stream, by immobilizing them on surfaces functionalized with bio-active coating within microfluidic devices,presents an interdisciplinary challenge requiring expertise in different research areas: cell biology, surface chemistry, fluid mechanics and microsystem technology.We first review the fundamental of cell biology of CTCs and summarize the key microfluidic techniques for ...
2016 IEEE 10th International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and Engineering (NANOMED), 2016
In this work, we propose a utilization of a serverclient system model that using the Internet of ... more In this work, we propose a utilization of a serverclient system model that using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to process Pap smear imaging data derived from high-resolution microscopes and to classify the those images by employing the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) learning algorithm on the server. The IoT can enable those microscopes to communicate with one another while the ANN enables a new method of imaging classification with high accuracy. We utilize 917 high-resolution images as an input for our proposed method. The method achieves a root mean square error of 0.8834 and correlation coefficient of 0.6643.
Horizon scanning is intended to identify the opportunities and threats associated with technologi... more Horizon scanning is intended to identify the opportunities and threats associated with technological, regulatory and social change. In 2017 some of the present authors conducted a horizon scan for bioengineering (Wintle et al., 2017). Here we report the results of a new horizon scan that is based on inputs from a larger and more international group of 38 participants. The final list of 20 issues includes topics spanning from the political (the regulation of genomic data, increased philanthropic funding and malicious uses of neurochemicals) to the environmental (crops for changing climates and agricultural gene drives). The early identification of such issues is relevant to researchers, policy-makers and the wider public.
Metasurfaces have been studied and widely applied to optical systems. A metasurface-based flat le... more Metasurfaces have been studied and widely applied to optical systems. A metasurface-based flat lens (metalens) holds promise in wave-front engineering for multiple applications. The metalens has become a breakthrough technology for miniaturized optical system development, due to its outstanding characteristics, such as ultrathinness and cost-effectiveness. Compared to conventional macro- or meso-scale optics manufacturing methods, the micro-machining process for metalenses is relatively straightforward and more suitable for mass production. Due to their remarkable abilities and superior optical performance, metalenses in refractive or diffractive mode could potentially replace traditional optics. In this review, we give a brief overview of the most recent studies on metalenses and their applications with a specific focus on miniaturized optical imaging and sensing systems. We discuss approaches for overcoming technical challenges in the bio-optics field, including a large field of v...
2015 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN), 2015
Intravital confocal microscopy has provided powerful mechanistic insights into health and disease... more Intravital confocal microscopy has provided powerful mechanistic insights into health and disease with three-dimensional imaging capability and has become a common imaging instrument in the modern biological laboratory and clinic. However, the requisite of high numerical aperture, short working distance, and small field of view that enable confocal microscopy limit the ability to investigate hollow organs in vivo. Here we introduce a handheld confocal microscope that circumvents the above technical limitations of confocal microscopy and, as a result, provides imaging access to variety tissues in vivo. The handheld microscope achieves its miniaturization with micro-optics and microelectromechanical systems scanner technology enabling a small form factor and 3-D imaging performance.
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2015
ABSTRACT Progress toward early diagnosis of cancer would have significant clinical benefits in re... more ABSTRACT Progress toward early diagnosis of cancer would have significant clinical benefits in reducing mortality or prolonging life in cancer patients; thus, there is an important unmet clinical need to image cellular features of cancer in vivo and in real time to correlate pathological symptoms and underlying cells responsible for such symptoms. In this paper, we describe a review of microelectromechanical systems scanners-based endoscopic optical coherence tomography, confocal, two-photon, and photoacoustic microscopy imaging. These advanced optical imaging modalities can provide subcellular (micron-scale) resolution and deep tissue penetration to reveal both cells and molecular features for early cancer diagnosis, cancer staging, and surgical guidance.
2011 6th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, 2011
We present a portable microendoscope based on a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanner, co... more We present a portable microendoscope based on a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanner, compound gradient refractive index micro-lenses and a photonics bandgap fiber (PBF). It overcomes the size (2.0 × 1.9 × 1.1 cm3) and weight (less than 3 grams) limitations of conventional two-photon fluorescence microscopy toward freely moving subjects. The microendoscope utilizes a PBF for laser excitation and large core fiber for fluorescence collection. We demonstrated cortical blood flow imaging in live mice with transverse (Δx) and axial resolutions (Δz) of 1.6 µm and 13.5 µm, respectively.
The 7th 2014 Biomedical Engineering International Conference, 2014
A portable holographic imaging platform combining with an automatic micro-objects detection algor... more A portable holographic imaging platform combining with an automatic micro-objects detection algorithm is demonstrated for biological samples. All components of the imaging platform are aligned to one another along the same optical axis, provides many advantages such as large field-of-view, simple optical setup, and no optical aberration. Main features in the software are feature detection and counting. The average overall computational time is of 52.37 seconds, specificity and sensitivity of our algorithms on a 2593×1944 pixels hologram are 0.978 and 0.923 respectively. Although the algorithm is not optimized, the technique here only focuses on the detection and counting problem.
This paper presents a dual-axes confocal microscope based on a two-dimensional (2-D) MicroElectro... more This paper presents a dual-axes confocal microscope based on a two-dimensional (2-D) MicroElectroMechanical system (MEMS) scanner. Dual-axes confocal microscopy provides high resolution in both transverse and axial directions, and is also well-suited for miniaturization and integration into endoscopes for in vivo imaging. The gimbaled MEMS scanner is fabricated on a double silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer (a silicon wafer bonded on a SOI wafer) and is actuated by self-aligned, vertical, electrostatic combdrives. The reflecting surface of the scanner is covered with a 10-nm aluminum layer. Reflectance and fluorescence imaging is successfully demonstrated in a breadboard setup. Images with a maximum field of view (FOV) of 340 μm x 420 μm are achieved at 8 frames per second. The transverse resolution is 3.9 μm and 6.7 μm for the horizontal and vertical dimensions, respectively.
Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance by Staphyloccocus aureus have posed a need to search f... more Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance by Staphyloccocus aureus have posed a need to search for non-antibiotic alternatives. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory effects of crude and fractionated cell-free supernatants (CFS) of locally isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against a clinical strain of S. aureus. A total of 42 LAB strains were isolated and identified from fresh vegetables, fresh fruits and fermented products prior to evaluation of inhibitory activities. CFS of LAB strains exhibiting a stronger inhibitive effect against S. aureus were fractionated into crude protein, polysaccharide and lipid fractions. Crude protein fractions showed greater inhibition against S. aureus compared to polysaccharide and lipid fractions, with a more prevalent effect from Lactobacillus plantarum 8513 and L. plantarum BT8513. Crude protein, polysaccharide and lipid fractions were also characterised with glycine, mannose and oleic acid being detected as the major component of each frac...
This study aimed to evaluate anti-staphylococcal properties of crude and fractionated extracts of... more This study aimed to evaluate anti-staphylococcal properties of crude and fractionated extracts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from local meat, dairy, and fermented products. A total of 36 LAB isolates were obtained and identified via 16S rDNA sequencing. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) of all isolates exhibiting a statistically significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (ρ < 0.05), with six LAB isolates exhibiting a more prevalent inhibition. The inhibition effects of cell wall and intracellular extracts from the six prevalent isolates were evaluated. Lactobacillus plantarum USM8613 was the most prominent isolate with both CFS and cell wall extract exhibiting the most prevalent inhibition against S. aureus. Scanning electron micrographs showed alteration of S. aureus membrane morphology upon CFS treatment, suggesting an anti-staphylococcal effect via membrane destruction. Confocal laser scanning micrographs showed inhibition against biofilm formations by S. aureus in porcine skins upon CFS treatment. The CFS from L. plantarum USM8613 was separated into protein, lipid, and polysaccharide fractions for evaluation of anti-staphylococcal activity and chemical characterization. All fractions inhibited growth of S. aureus (ρ < 0.05), with protein fractions exhibiting stronger inhibition effect. Data from our present study showed that extracts from LAB could be applied as biopreservatives in the food industries and/or as an antimicrobial agent against bacterial infections for cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical uses.
Welcome and Introduction to SPIE Photonics West OPTO conference 11697: MOEMS and Miniaturized Sys... more Welcome and Introduction to SPIE Photonics West OPTO conference 11697: MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems XX
2020 6th International Conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology (ICEAST), 2020
We developed a reconfigurable pinart model that can transform its topographical surface which is ... more We developed a reconfigurable pinart model that can transform its topographical surface which is in three-dimension from a stereographic image captured from a webcam. The model relies on a pneumatic pump and solenoid valves to excite each pin stroke via our custom multiplex control system. The travel displacement for each pin stroke is ten centimeters. The reconfiguration time is less than a few minutes with our demonstration reconfigurable pinart prototype of one hundred pixels.
2018 11th Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON), 2018
This work presents a comparative study of automated screening procedure for Pap smear with deep l... more This work presents a comparative study of automated screening procedure for Pap smear with deep learning technology. Three convolution neural network models (AlexNet, densenet161 and resnet101) were employed for detecting the presence of cervical precancerous or cancerous cells from Pap smear database. The study compares accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and computation time for each deep learning model. The best model is the densenet161 due to its high sensitivity and accuracy which are key factors in an automated Pap smear screening procedure to offer the best early detection of cervical cancer to better treatment outcomes.
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide causing human deaths.Circulating tumor cells(CTC... more Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide causing human deaths.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs) are cells that have detached from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream; they may constitute seeds for subsequent growth of additional tumors(metastasis) in different tissues. The detection of CTCs may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications but, because their number is very small, these cells are not easily detected. Circulating tumor cells are found in the order of 10–100 CTCs per m L of whole blood in patients with metastatic disease. Isolation of tumor cells circulating in the blood stream, by immobilizing them on surfaces functionalized with bio-active coating within microfluidic devices,presents an interdisciplinary challenge requiring expertise in different research areas: cell biology, surface chemistry, fluid mechanics and microsystem technology.We first review the fundamental of cell biology of CTCs and summarize the key microfluidic techniques for ...
2016 IEEE 10th International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and Engineering (NANOMED), 2016
In this work, we propose a utilization of a serverclient system model that using the Internet of ... more In this work, we propose a utilization of a serverclient system model that using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to process Pap smear imaging data derived from high-resolution microscopes and to classify the those images by employing the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) learning algorithm on the server. The IoT can enable those microscopes to communicate with one another while the ANN enables a new method of imaging classification with high accuracy. We utilize 917 high-resolution images as an input for our proposed method. The method achieves a root mean square error of 0.8834 and correlation coefficient of 0.6643.
Horizon scanning is intended to identify the opportunities and threats associated with technologi... more Horizon scanning is intended to identify the opportunities and threats associated with technological, regulatory and social change. In 2017 some of the present authors conducted a horizon scan for bioengineering (Wintle et al., 2017). Here we report the results of a new horizon scan that is based on inputs from a larger and more international group of 38 participants. The final list of 20 issues includes topics spanning from the political (the regulation of genomic data, increased philanthropic funding and malicious uses of neurochemicals) to the environmental (crops for changing climates and agricultural gene drives). The early identification of such issues is relevant to researchers, policy-makers and the wider public.
Metasurfaces have been studied and widely applied to optical systems. A metasurface-based flat le... more Metasurfaces have been studied and widely applied to optical systems. A metasurface-based flat lens (metalens) holds promise in wave-front engineering for multiple applications. The metalens has become a breakthrough technology for miniaturized optical system development, due to its outstanding characteristics, such as ultrathinness and cost-effectiveness. Compared to conventional macro- or meso-scale optics manufacturing methods, the micro-machining process for metalenses is relatively straightforward and more suitable for mass production. Due to their remarkable abilities and superior optical performance, metalenses in refractive or diffractive mode could potentially replace traditional optics. In this review, we give a brief overview of the most recent studies on metalenses and their applications with a specific focus on miniaturized optical imaging and sensing systems. We discuss approaches for overcoming technical challenges in the bio-optics field, including a large field of v...
2015 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN), 2015
Intravital confocal microscopy has provided powerful mechanistic insights into health and disease... more Intravital confocal microscopy has provided powerful mechanistic insights into health and disease with three-dimensional imaging capability and has become a common imaging instrument in the modern biological laboratory and clinic. However, the requisite of high numerical aperture, short working distance, and small field of view that enable confocal microscopy limit the ability to investigate hollow organs in vivo. Here we introduce a handheld confocal microscope that circumvents the above technical limitations of confocal microscopy and, as a result, provides imaging access to variety tissues in vivo. The handheld microscope achieves its miniaturization with micro-optics and microelectromechanical systems scanner technology enabling a small form factor and 3-D imaging performance.
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2015
ABSTRACT Progress toward early diagnosis of cancer would have significant clinical benefits in re... more ABSTRACT Progress toward early diagnosis of cancer would have significant clinical benefits in reducing mortality or prolonging life in cancer patients; thus, there is an important unmet clinical need to image cellular features of cancer in vivo and in real time to correlate pathological symptoms and underlying cells responsible for such symptoms. In this paper, we describe a review of microelectromechanical systems scanners-based endoscopic optical coherence tomography, confocal, two-photon, and photoacoustic microscopy imaging. These advanced optical imaging modalities can provide subcellular (micron-scale) resolution and deep tissue penetration to reveal both cells and molecular features for early cancer diagnosis, cancer staging, and surgical guidance.
2011 6th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, 2011
We present a portable microendoscope based on a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanner, co... more We present a portable microendoscope based on a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanner, compound gradient refractive index micro-lenses and a photonics bandgap fiber (PBF). It overcomes the size (2.0 × 1.9 × 1.1 cm3) and weight (less than 3 grams) limitations of conventional two-photon fluorescence microscopy toward freely moving subjects. The microendoscope utilizes a PBF for laser excitation and large core fiber for fluorescence collection. We demonstrated cortical blood flow imaging in live mice with transverse (Δx) and axial resolutions (Δz) of 1.6 µm and 13.5 µm, respectively.
The 7th 2014 Biomedical Engineering International Conference, 2014
A portable holographic imaging platform combining with an automatic micro-objects detection algor... more A portable holographic imaging platform combining with an automatic micro-objects detection algorithm is demonstrated for biological samples. All components of the imaging platform are aligned to one another along the same optical axis, provides many advantages such as large field-of-view, simple optical setup, and no optical aberration. Main features in the software are feature detection and counting. The average overall computational time is of 52.37 seconds, specificity and sensitivity of our algorithms on a 2593×1944 pixels hologram are 0.978 and 0.923 respectively. Although the algorithm is not optimized, the technique here only focuses on the detection and counting problem.
This paper presents a dual-axes confocal microscope based on a two-dimensional (2-D) MicroElectro... more This paper presents a dual-axes confocal microscope based on a two-dimensional (2-D) MicroElectroMechanical system (MEMS) scanner. Dual-axes confocal microscopy provides high resolution in both transverse and axial directions, and is also well-suited for miniaturization and integration into endoscopes for in vivo imaging. The gimbaled MEMS scanner is fabricated on a double silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer (a silicon wafer bonded on a SOI wafer) and is actuated by self-aligned, vertical, electrostatic combdrives. The reflecting surface of the scanner is covered with a 10-nm aluminum layer. Reflectance and fluorescence imaging is successfully demonstrated in a breadboard setup. Images with a maximum field of view (FOV) of 340 μm x 420 μm are achieved at 8 frames per second. The transverse resolution is 3.9 μm and 6.7 μm for the horizontal and vertical dimensions, respectively.
Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance by Staphyloccocus aureus have posed a need to search f... more Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance by Staphyloccocus aureus have posed a need to search for non-antibiotic alternatives. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory effects of crude and fractionated cell-free supernatants (CFS) of locally isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against a clinical strain of S. aureus. A total of 42 LAB strains were isolated and identified from fresh vegetables, fresh fruits and fermented products prior to evaluation of inhibitory activities. CFS of LAB strains exhibiting a stronger inhibitive effect against S. aureus were fractionated into crude protein, polysaccharide and lipid fractions. Crude protein fractions showed greater inhibition against S. aureus compared to polysaccharide and lipid fractions, with a more prevalent effect from Lactobacillus plantarum 8513 and L. plantarum BT8513. Crude protein, polysaccharide and lipid fractions were also characterised with glycine, mannose and oleic acid being detected as the major component of each frac...
This study aimed to evaluate anti-staphylococcal properties of crude and fractionated extracts of... more This study aimed to evaluate anti-staphylococcal properties of crude and fractionated extracts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from local meat, dairy, and fermented products. A total of 36 LAB isolates were obtained and identified via 16S rDNA sequencing. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) of all isolates exhibiting a statistically significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (ρ < 0.05), with six LAB isolates exhibiting a more prevalent inhibition. The inhibition effects of cell wall and intracellular extracts from the six prevalent isolates were evaluated. Lactobacillus plantarum USM8613 was the most prominent isolate with both CFS and cell wall extract exhibiting the most prevalent inhibition against S. aureus. Scanning electron micrographs showed alteration of S. aureus membrane morphology upon CFS treatment, suggesting an anti-staphylococcal effect via membrane destruction. Confocal laser scanning micrographs showed inhibition against biofilm formations by S. aureus in porcine skins upon CFS treatment. The CFS from L. plantarum USM8613 was separated into protein, lipid, and polysaccharide fractions for evaluation of anti-staphylococcal activity and chemical characterization. All fractions inhibited growth of S. aureus (ρ < 0.05), with protein fractions exhibiting stronger inhibition effect. Data from our present study showed that extracts from LAB could be applied as biopreservatives in the food industries and/or as an antimicrobial agent against bacterial infections for cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical uses.
Educational children's book about tuberculosis translated into Thai by Kamontip Rasri Klosen and ... more Educational children's book about tuberculosis translated into Thai by Kamontip Rasri Klosen and Wibool Piyawattanametha
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