Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2016
BACKGROUND Bone mineral density (BMD) is a lifetime marker of estrogen in a woman's body and ... more BACKGROUND Bone mineral density (BMD) is a lifetime marker of estrogen in a woman's body and has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Nonetheless the actual association is still debatable. Furthermore, estrogen is very crucial in maintaining human bone density and gradually decreases over age. A systematic search was conducted to assess any association of BMD with breast cancer risk factors among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Review identification was performed through databases searching on MEDLINE, CINAHL and SCOPUS and 19 qualified studies were elected. The keywords used were "bone mineral density", "breast cancer", and "breast density". RESULTS A total of 19 articles showed variation with the majority of the studies focused on postmenopausal and a few focused on premenopausal women. Overall there was no concensus on effects. CONCLUSIONS An enormous effort is being undertaken by researchers to prove t...
ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2015
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive procedure using electrical impedance to i... more Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive procedure using electrical impedance to image the human breast. Due to its mobility and using non-compression technique it is appealing to patients. This scanning device does not emit any ionizing radiation thus it can be done on pregnant women by means of no age limit. Since the EIT has play some supplementary function in the breast imaging, a lot of research on its clinical accuracy has been done. Therefore, the aim is to carry out a review of EIT clinical accuracy and assess the quality of journal by using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) criteria. The journals that assess the sensitivity were search through various databases and the clinical accuracy of EIT in each journal is recorded. The review shows that the range sensitivity (Sn) of EIT system to human breast in ten journals was between 17% and 94.6%. The range of specificity (Sp) is between 49% and 97.1%. The negative (NPV) and positive predic...
Estrogen is known to affect both mammographic breast density and bone mineral density. Breast den... more Estrogen is known to affect both mammographic breast density and bone mineral density. Breast density is a well-known risk factor of breast cancer determined by the physiological hormonal changes. Studies shown inconclusive relationship of breast density and bone mineral density as breast cancer risk factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship of bone mineral density; mammographic breast density and serum estrogen concentration level in Malaysian women. A cross sectional study on 108 women aged above 40 years who underwent bone scan and mammography screening was conducted at the General Hospital Kuala Lumpur from 2016 to 2017. Subjects were chosen using convenient sampling technique. With women commenced cancer treatment and women who had mastectomy done being excluded from the study. An independent-t and chi-square statistical test were used to analyze the continuous and categorical data whilst binary logistic regression was used to determine the mentioned relationship....
2020 Sixth International Conference on e-Learning (econf), 2020
Education systems in Malaysia, especially higher education institutions, are currently based on b... more Education systems in Malaysia, especially higher education institutions, are currently based on blended learning. The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has disrupted many sectors and education is not an exception. To ensure the continuity of learning, the government has suggested for e-learning to be practiced in all institutions. The study aimed to assess the challenges and perceptions of e-learning among the tertiary level students. A study was conducted through an online survey in a private institution in Malaysia from March to April 2020. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the mean score of the challenges and perceptions. A total of 1,065 respondents participated in this study. Majority of the respondents (50.2%) had positive perceptions of e-learning as it was well supported. However, challenges on the Internet speed and quota affected the e-learning effectiveness. Thus, the strategies to improve instructional design on e-learning are necessary to develop more interactive activi...
The transfer of education system from the traditional approach to Outcome Based Education (OBE) h... more The transfer of education system from the traditional approach to Outcome Based Education (OBE) had given a significant change in many educational institutions worldwide. In Malaysia, most of the education institutions had implemented OBE in their system and had shown an increment in the students' academic achievement. The reform in the health services that stresses on professionalism had brought the necessity to adopt OBE in allied health education. Thus, the Faculty of Health Sciences in KPJ Healthcare University College (KPJUC) implemented OBE on 2014 and positive result had been showed. There is a notable paucity of studies that focused on the students' perception on the educational system. This study focused on students' perception on OBE system in terms of students' understanding and their academic achievement. The student's perception is the most crucial part as they are the medium of the system. They are the ones who undergo the system thoroughly, and the...
Introduction: Mammographic breast density is a well-known risk factor of breast cancer determined... more Introduction: Mammographic breast density is a well-known risk factor of breast cancer determined by the physiological hormonal changes in a woman. Similar to bone mineral density that affected by the mentioned factor. Method: This descriptive study was conducted on 25 women above 40 years old using total sampling method in Radiology Department, General Hospital Kuala Lumpur in 2016. It was to determine the pattern of breast density and bone mineral density in Malaysian women with mammogram Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 3, 4 and 5. Women who have had commenced cancer treatment and women with mastectomy were excluded. Assessment of breast density was performed using BI-RADS classification whistle bone mineral density was measured using DEXA of the lumbar spine and femoral neck based. Results: A total of 64% of the respondents were Malay followed by Indian and Chinese with 28% and 8% respectively. A total of 24% of women aged between 40 to 50 years old were diagno...
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2016
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a lifetime marker of estrogen in a woman's body and has been as... more Bone mineral density (BMD) is a lifetime marker of estrogen in a woman's body and has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Nonetheless the actual association is still debatable. Furthermore, estrogen is very crucial in maintaining human bone density and gradually decreases over age. A systematic search was conducted to assess any association of BMD with breast cancer risk factors among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Review identification was performed through databases searching on MEDLINE, CINAHL and SCOPUS and 19 qualified studies were elected. The keywords used were "bone mineral density", "breast cancer", and "breast density". A total of 19 articles showed variation with the majority of the studies focused on postmenopausal and a few focused on premenopausal women. Overall there was no concensus on effects. An enormous effort is being undertaken by researchers to prove that BMD might be one of the significant risk factors ...
Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become an important aspect in order to deliver the best service... more Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become an important aspect in order to deliver the best service to patients. This analysis is conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices on EBP among allied healthcare professionals (AHPs). A systematic literature appraisal was conducted to identify the EBP profile among AHPs. Systematic search was done through MEDLINE, CINAHL and Google Scholar and 9 eligible studies were identified. The keyword used includes " evidence-based practice, " " allied health, " " research utilization " and " allied healthcare professionals. " This analysis has been conducted in accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009. The articles are selected from the years of 2005 until 2015 which examine the trend of EBP and the application among AHPs. Three papers demonstrated average knowledge, three highlighted poor knowledge, and only one study reported had adeq...
Anxiety was the barrier mostly chosen by women for not performing mammography examination. Music ... more Anxiety was the barrier mostly chosen by women for not performing mammography examination. Music was perceived as an effective method in reducing these barriers. Thus, this study was done to investigate how music would influence anxiety level among women undergoing mammogram screening. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at randomly selected private hospitals around Klang Valley. The ’State-Trait Anxiety Inventory’ form was used to measure the level of anxiety. Respondents were categorized into two groups, which are control (no music) and experimental (with music) groups. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the anxiety level and T-test analysis were used to compare the anxiety level between both groups. A total of 60 respondents participated in this study in which 30 (50.0%) were in a control group and 30 (50.0%) were in the experimental group. Mean age of respondents were 53.5 (±12.7) years. The anxiety level is high in women who underwent mammography with no m...
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the perception of health-care students on the recent... more PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the perception of health-care students on the recent COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. There was one study by Caliskhan et al. (2020) conducted among Turkish final-year medical students showed that the students were knowledgeable about and aware of the COVID-19 pandemic. To the authors’ knowledge, there are limited number of studies conducted among health-care students in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe online questionnaire was randomly distributed to the health-care students in Malaysia. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic data and perceptions on COVID-19. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the perceptions of the health-care students on COVID-19.FindingsHealth-care students in Malaysia have positive perceptions on COVID-19, and it did not give huge impact of their interest in this health-care field. Thus, it is important that this issue is investigated, and the perceptions of health-care students on COVID-19 can be...
Objective: Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is an early detection method of breast cancer. It is abl... more Objective: Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is an early detection method of breast cancer. It is able to develop responsibility for breast health among women to always aware of any changes in the breast. Thus, secondary school girls age is the perfect age to start practice the BSE. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and awareness on BSE among secondary school girls in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 502 secondary school girls using self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic data, knowledge and awareness of breast cancer and knowledge and awareness of BSE. Results: The mean age of the participants is 14.9 ± 0.06 years. The majority of the participants were Malays (86.5%). A total of 6.1% of the participants had a family history of breast cancer. Nine percent of participants had a good knowledge and 91.0% had poor knowledge regarding BSE. There is a significant difference between the age of part...
Mammography is one of the screening tool that using x-ray dose to detect breast cancer at early s... more Mammography is one of the screening tool that using x-ray dose to detect breast cancer at early stage for women older than 40 years old. By performing mammography screening annually, it can decrease mortality from breast cancer. Pain and anxiety often a hindrance to the rate of intake of mammography screening among the women. A systematic review was conducted to know the association of music with anxiety and pain on patients during mammography screening. Review identification was performed through a database search on MEDLINE and CINAHL, and 2 qualified studies were selected. The keyword used is “music therapy”, “anxiety”, ‘pain”, and “mammography”. A total of 2 articles showed the use of music among women who undergoing mammography screening. The previous studies showed that the use of music can decrease level of pain and anxiety among women during mammography screening. Thus, applying music during the screening should be implemented to encourage women for annual mammography screen...
Introduction: The advancement of imaging modalities increase the number of examination and lead t... more Introduction: The advancement of imaging modalities increase the number of examination and lead to the market demand of radiographers. College of Radiography has outlined a developmental framework to perform intravenous (IV) injection in the code of professional conduct in which radiographers are encouraged to develop their professional roles. The role advancement will benefit radiographers in terms of enhancing personal fulfillment, job satisfaction and career. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the perception of radiographers on performing intravenous injection of contrast media. This cross-sectional study which used simple random sampling was conducted around 18 private hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia, involving 110 respondents with length of experience of more than one year. A total of 63.6% are willing to perform venipuncture injection if appropriate training is given. Independent chi-square test yielded significance in relationship between the educational level and willingness of radiographer to perform venipuncture (p>0.05). Majority are willing to take this extra task as their responsibility since they believed that it would improve the departmental flow and reduce patients waiting time. As a conclusion, a special training may be proposed before giving the task to them to improve their medico-legal protection.
The transfer of education system from the traditional approach to Outcome Based Education (OBE) h... more The transfer of education system from the traditional approach to Outcome Based Education (OBE) had given a significant change in many educational institutions worldwide. In Malaysia, most of the education institutions had implemented OBE in their system and had shown an increment in the students' academic achievement. The reform in the health services that stresses on professionalism had brought the necessity to adopt OBE in allied health education. Thus, the Faculty of Health Sciences in KPJ Healthcare University College (KPJUC) implemented OBE on 2014 and positive result had been showed. There is a notable paucity of studies that focused on the students' perception on the educational system. This study focused on students' perception on OBE system in terms of students' understanding and their academic achievement. The student's perception is the most crucial part as they are the medium of the system. They are the ones who undergo the system thoroughly, and they are the final product of the OBE system. This study used a descriptive method of research wherein the quantitative data were gathered using questionnaires. The participants were 19 graduating students from Bachelor of Medical Imaging (BMI) and Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPY). The study showed that the perception of students regarding the program outcomes was good and this finding will help to improvise the lacuna in the system and can be the stepping-stone to a better education system in future.
Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become an important aspect in order to deliver the best service... more Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become an important aspect in order to deliver the best service to patients. This analysis is conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices on EBP among allied healthcare professionals (AHPs). A systematic literature appraisal was conducted to identify the EBP profile among AHPs. Systematic search was done through MEDLINE, CINAHL and Google Scholar and 9 eligible studies were identified. The keyword used includes " evidence-based practice, " " allied health, " " research utilization " and " allied healthcare professionals. " This analysis has been conducted in accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009. The articles are selected from the years of 2005 until 2015 which examine the trend of EBP and the application among AHPs. Three papers demonstrated average knowledge, three highlighted poor knowledge, and only one study reported had adequate knowledge of AHPs with regard to research and EBP. Positive attitude towards EBP have been revealed by seven studies. Three studies did not investigate the AHP practice in relation to EBP. However, four studies revealed that AHP have poor practice application and only one study found that AHPs have average practice application relating to EBP. From the nine articles, results showed difference levels of knowledge. Nonetheless, majority of the studies revealed that AHPs have positive attitudes but poor practices in relation to application.
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2016
BACKGROUND Bone mineral density (BMD) is a lifetime marker of estrogen in a woman's body and ... more BACKGROUND Bone mineral density (BMD) is a lifetime marker of estrogen in a woman's body and has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Nonetheless the actual association is still debatable. Furthermore, estrogen is very crucial in maintaining human bone density and gradually decreases over age. A systematic search was conducted to assess any association of BMD with breast cancer risk factors among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Review identification was performed through databases searching on MEDLINE, CINAHL and SCOPUS and 19 qualified studies were elected. The keywords used were "bone mineral density", "breast cancer", and "breast density". RESULTS A total of 19 articles showed variation with the majority of the studies focused on postmenopausal and a few focused on premenopausal women. Overall there was no concensus on effects. CONCLUSIONS An enormous effort is being undertaken by researchers to prove t...
ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2015
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive procedure using electrical impedance to i... more Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive procedure using electrical impedance to image the human breast. Due to its mobility and using non-compression technique it is appealing to patients. This scanning device does not emit any ionizing radiation thus it can be done on pregnant women by means of no age limit. Since the EIT has play some supplementary function in the breast imaging, a lot of research on its clinical accuracy has been done. Therefore, the aim is to carry out a review of EIT clinical accuracy and assess the quality of journal by using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) criteria. The journals that assess the sensitivity were search through various databases and the clinical accuracy of EIT in each journal is recorded. The review shows that the range sensitivity (Sn) of EIT system to human breast in ten journals was between 17% and 94.6%. The range of specificity (Sp) is between 49% and 97.1%. The negative (NPV) and positive predic...
Estrogen is known to affect both mammographic breast density and bone mineral density. Breast den... more Estrogen is known to affect both mammographic breast density and bone mineral density. Breast density is a well-known risk factor of breast cancer determined by the physiological hormonal changes. Studies shown inconclusive relationship of breast density and bone mineral density as breast cancer risk factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship of bone mineral density; mammographic breast density and serum estrogen concentration level in Malaysian women. A cross sectional study on 108 women aged above 40 years who underwent bone scan and mammography screening was conducted at the General Hospital Kuala Lumpur from 2016 to 2017. Subjects were chosen using convenient sampling technique. With women commenced cancer treatment and women who had mastectomy done being excluded from the study. An independent-t and chi-square statistical test were used to analyze the continuous and categorical data whilst binary logistic regression was used to determine the mentioned relationship....
2020 Sixth International Conference on e-Learning (econf), 2020
Education systems in Malaysia, especially higher education institutions, are currently based on b... more Education systems in Malaysia, especially higher education institutions, are currently based on blended learning. The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has disrupted many sectors and education is not an exception. To ensure the continuity of learning, the government has suggested for e-learning to be practiced in all institutions. The study aimed to assess the challenges and perceptions of e-learning among the tertiary level students. A study was conducted through an online survey in a private institution in Malaysia from March to April 2020. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the mean score of the challenges and perceptions. A total of 1,065 respondents participated in this study. Majority of the respondents (50.2%) had positive perceptions of e-learning as it was well supported. However, challenges on the Internet speed and quota affected the e-learning effectiveness. Thus, the strategies to improve instructional design on e-learning are necessary to develop more interactive activi...
The transfer of education system from the traditional approach to Outcome Based Education (OBE) h... more The transfer of education system from the traditional approach to Outcome Based Education (OBE) had given a significant change in many educational institutions worldwide. In Malaysia, most of the education institutions had implemented OBE in their system and had shown an increment in the students' academic achievement. The reform in the health services that stresses on professionalism had brought the necessity to adopt OBE in allied health education. Thus, the Faculty of Health Sciences in KPJ Healthcare University College (KPJUC) implemented OBE on 2014 and positive result had been showed. There is a notable paucity of studies that focused on the students' perception on the educational system. This study focused on students' perception on OBE system in terms of students' understanding and their academic achievement. The student's perception is the most crucial part as they are the medium of the system. They are the ones who undergo the system thoroughly, and the...
Introduction: Mammographic breast density is a well-known risk factor of breast cancer determined... more Introduction: Mammographic breast density is a well-known risk factor of breast cancer determined by the physiological hormonal changes in a woman. Similar to bone mineral density that affected by the mentioned factor. Method: This descriptive study was conducted on 25 women above 40 years old using total sampling method in Radiology Department, General Hospital Kuala Lumpur in 2016. It was to determine the pattern of breast density and bone mineral density in Malaysian women with mammogram Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 3, 4 and 5. Women who have had commenced cancer treatment and women with mastectomy were excluded. Assessment of breast density was performed using BI-RADS classification whistle bone mineral density was measured using DEXA of the lumbar spine and femoral neck based. Results: A total of 64% of the respondents were Malay followed by Indian and Chinese with 28% and 8% respectively. A total of 24% of women aged between 40 to 50 years old were diagno...
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2016
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a lifetime marker of estrogen in a woman's body and has been as... more Bone mineral density (BMD) is a lifetime marker of estrogen in a woman's body and has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Nonetheless the actual association is still debatable. Furthermore, estrogen is very crucial in maintaining human bone density and gradually decreases over age. A systematic search was conducted to assess any association of BMD with breast cancer risk factors among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Review identification was performed through databases searching on MEDLINE, CINAHL and SCOPUS and 19 qualified studies were elected. The keywords used were "bone mineral density", "breast cancer", and "breast density". A total of 19 articles showed variation with the majority of the studies focused on postmenopausal and a few focused on premenopausal women. Overall there was no concensus on effects. An enormous effort is being undertaken by researchers to prove that BMD might be one of the significant risk factors ...
Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become an important aspect in order to deliver the best service... more Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become an important aspect in order to deliver the best service to patients. This analysis is conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices on EBP among allied healthcare professionals (AHPs). A systematic literature appraisal was conducted to identify the EBP profile among AHPs. Systematic search was done through MEDLINE, CINAHL and Google Scholar and 9 eligible studies were identified. The keyword used includes " evidence-based practice, " " allied health, " " research utilization " and " allied healthcare professionals. " This analysis has been conducted in accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009. The articles are selected from the years of 2005 until 2015 which examine the trend of EBP and the application among AHPs. Three papers demonstrated average knowledge, three highlighted poor knowledge, and only one study reported had adeq...
Anxiety was the barrier mostly chosen by women for not performing mammography examination. Music ... more Anxiety was the barrier mostly chosen by women for not performing mammography examination. Music was perceived as an effective method in reducing these barriers. Thus, this study was done to investigate how music would influence anxiety level among women undergoing mammogram screening. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at randomly selected private hospitals around Klang Valley. The ’State-Trait Anxiety Inventory’ form was used to measure the level of anxiety. Respondents were categorized into two groups, which are control (no music) and experimental (with music) groups. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the anxiety level and T-test analysis were used to compare the anxiety level between both groups. A total of 60 respondents participated in this study in which 30 (50.0%) were in a control group and 30 (50.0%) were in the experimental group. Mean age of respondents were 53.5 (±12.7) years. The anxiety level is high in women who underwent mammography with no m...
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the perception of health-care students on the recent... more PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the perception of health-care students on the recent COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. There was one study by Caliskhan et al. (2020) conducted among Turkish final-year medical students showed that the students were knowledgeable about and aware of the COVID-19 pandemic. To the authors’ knowledge, there are limited number of studies conducted among health-care students in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe online questionnaire was randomly distributed to the health-care students in Malaysia. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic data and perceptions on COVID-19. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the perceptions of the health-care students on COVID-19.FindingsHealth-care students in Malaysia have positive perceptions on COVID-19, and it did not give huge impact of their interest in this health-care field. Thus, it is important that this issue is investigated, and the perceptions of health-care students on COVID-19 can be...
Objective: Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is an early detection method of breast cancer. It is abl... more Objective: Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is an early detection method of breast cancer. It is able to develop responsibility for breast health among women to always aware of any changes in the breast. Thus, secondary school girls age is the perfect age to start practice the BSE. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and awareness on BSE among secondary school girls in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 502 secondary school girls using self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic data, knowledge and awareness of breast cancer and knowledge and awareness of BSE. Results: The mean age of the participants is 14.9 ± 0.06 years. The majority of the participants were Malays (86.5%). A total of 6.1% of the participants had a family history of breast cancer. Nine percent of participants had a good knowledge and 91.0% had poor knowledge regarding BSE. There is a significant difference between the age of part...
Mammography is one of the screening tool that using x-ray dose to detect breast cancer at early s... more Mammography is one of the screening tool that using x-ray dose to detect breast cancer at early stage for women older than 40 years old. By performing mammography screening annually, it can decrease mortality from breast cancer. Pain and anxiety often a hindrance to the rate of intake of mammography screening among the women. A systematic review was conducted to know the association of music with anxiety and pain on patients during mammography screening. Review identification was performed through a database search on MEDLINE and CINAHL, and 2 qualified studies were selected. The keyword used is “music therapy”, “anxiety”, ‘pain”, and “mammography”. A total of 2 articles showed the use of music among women who undergoing mammography screening. The previous studies showed that the use of music can decrease level of pain and anxiety among women during mammography screening. Thus, applying music during the screening should be implemented to encourage women for annual mammography screen...
Introduction: The advancement of imaging modalities increase the number of examination and lead t... more Introduction: The advancement of imaging modalities increase the number of examination and lead to the market demand of radiographers. College of Radiography has outlined a developmental framework to perform intravenous (IV) injection in the code of professional conduct in which radiographers are encouraged to develop their professional roles. The role advancement will benefit radiographers in terms of enhancing personal fulfillment, job satisfaction and career. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the perception of radiographers on performing intravenous injection of contrast media. This cross-sectional study which used simple random sampling was conducted around 18 private hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia, involving 110 respondents with length of experience of more than one year. A total of 63.6% are willing to perform venipuncture injection if appropriate training is given. Independent chi-square test yielded significance in relationship between the educational level and willingness of radiographer to perform venipuncture (p>0.05). Majority are willing to take this extra task as their responsibility since they believed that it would improve the departmental flow and reduce patients waiting time. As a conclusion, a special training may be proposed before giving the task to them to improve their medico-legal protection.
The transfer of education system from the traditional approach to Outcome Based Education (OBE) h... more The transfer of education system from the traditional approach to Outcome Based Education (OBE) had given a significant change in many educational institutions worldwide. In Malaysia, most of the education institutions had implemented OBE in their system and had shown an increment in the students' academic achievement. The reform in the health services that stresses on professionalism had brought the necessity to adopt OBE in allied health education. Thus, the Faculty of Health Sciences in KPJ Healthcare University College (KPJUC) implemented OBE on 2014 and positive result had been showed. There is a notable paucity of studies that focused on the students' perception on the educational system. This study focused on students' perception on OBE system in terms of students' understanding and their academic achievement. The student's perception is the most crucial part as they are the medium of the system. They are the ones who undergo the system thoroughly, and they are the final product of the OBE system. This study used a descriptive method of research wherein the quantitative data were gathered using questionnaires. The participants were 19 graduating students from Bachelor of Medical Imaging (BMI) and Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPY). The study showed that the perception of students regarding the program outcomes was good and this finding will help to improvise the lacuna in the system and can be the stepping-stone to a better education system in future.
Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become an important aspect in order to deliver the best service... more Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become an important aspect in order to deliver the best service to patients. This analysis is conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices on EBP among allied healthcare professionals (AHPs). A systematic literature appraisal was conducted to identify the EBP profile among AHPs. Systematic search was done through MEDLINE, CINAHL and Google Scholar and 9 eligible studies were identified. The keyword used includes " evidence-based practice, " " allied health, " " research utilization " and " allied healthcare professionals. " This analysis has been conducted in accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009. The articles are selected from the years of 2005 until 2015 which examine the trend of EBP and the application among AHPs. Three papers demonstrated average knowledge, three highlighted poor knowledge, and only one study reported had adequate knowledge of AHPs with regard to research and EBP. Positive attitude towards EBP have been revealed by seven studies. Three studies did not investigate the AHP practice in relation to EBP. However, four studies revealed that AHP have poor practice application and only one study found that AHPs have average practice application relating to EBP. From the nine articles, results showed difference levels of knowledge. Nonetheless, majority of the studies revealed that AHPs have positive attitudes but poor practices in relation to application.
Introduction: Mammographic breast density is a well-known risk factor of breast cancer determined... more Introduction: Mammographic breast density is a well-known risk factor of breast cancer determined by the physiological hormonal changes in a woman. Similar to bone mineral density that affected by the mentioned factor. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 25 women above 40 years old using total sampling method in Radiology Department, General Hospital Kuala Lumpur in 2016. It was to determine the pattern of breast density and bone mineral density in Malaysian women with mammogram Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 3, 4 and 5. Women who have had commenced cancer treatment and women with mastectomy were excluded. Assessment of breast density was performed using BI-RADS classification whistle bone mineral density was measured using DEXA of the lumbar spine and femoral neck based. Results: A total of 64% of the respondents were Malay followed by Indian and Chinese with 28% and 8% respectively. A total of 24% of women aged between 40 to 50 years old were diagnosed with BI-RADS 3, 4 and 5 whilst 76% of women aged above 50 years old. BI-RADS B (scattered fibroglandular) breast density was observed in 12 (48%) women, BI-RADS C (heterogeneously dense) in 5 (20%) women and BI-RADS D (extremely dense) in 2 (8%) women. A total of 19 (76%) of women with normal BMD category with t-score ≥ 1 SD. Majority (40%) of women with normal BMD has BI-RADS B breast density, women with osteopenia is highest (12%) among women with BI-RADS C breast density. Conclusion: There is a pattern of women with BI-RADS B breast density was diagnosed with BI-RADS 3, 4 and 5 above 50 years; nevertheless, with normal bone classification.
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Papers by Norhayati Zain
hormonal changes in a woman. Similar to bone mineral density that affected by the mentioned factor. Methods: This descriptive
study was conducted on 25 women above 40 years old using total sampling method in Radiology Department, General Hospital
Kuala Lumpur in 2016. It was to determine the pattern of breast density and bone mineral density in Malaysian women with
mammogram Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 3, 4 and 5. Women who have had commenced cancer
treatment and women with mastectomy were excluded. Assessment of breast density was performed using BI-RADS classification
whistle bone mineral density was measured using DEXA of the lumbar spine and femoral neck based. Results: A total of 64% of
the respondents were Malay followed by Indian and Chinese with 28% and 8% respectively. A total of 24% of women aged
between 40 to 50 years old were diagnosed with BI-RADS 3, 4 and 5 whilst 76% of women aged above 50 years old. BI-RADS B
(scattered fibroglandular) breast density was observed in 12 (48%) women, BI-RADS C (heterogeneously dense) in 5 (20%) women
and BI-RADS D (extremely dense) in 2 (8%) women. A total of 19 (76%) of women with normal BMD category with t-score ≥ 1
SD. Majority (40%) of women with normal BMD has BI-RADS B breast density, women with osteopenia is highest (12%) among
women with BI-RADS C breast density. Conclusion: There is a pattern of women with BI-RADS B breast density was diagnosed
with BI-RADS 3, 4 and 5 above 50 years; nevertheless, with normal bone classification.