Sea piracy activities in the ancient history emerged and developed with the increasing internatio... more Sea piracy activities in the ancient history emerged and developed with the increasing international maritime trade. Piracy in the Black Sea also increased during the Great Colonization Period (750-550 B.C.), when commerce gained significant momentum between communities, and this situation affected the region's economic and political activity. However, piracy activities in the Black Sea were never as active as piracy in the Mediterranean waters. Modern literature has few ancient historical studies conducted on piracy activities in the Black Sea waters. These works have usually focused on the Classical and Hellenistic period Black Sea pirates and their actions. The present study first discusses the factors pushing the emergence and development of piracy activity in the Black Sea coastlines and evaluates various pirate communities in this area. Then, from the perspectives of the Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman periods, piracy in the Black Sea and the relations of the pirates with the surrounding states are evaluated. Finally, the study focuses on how the powers that want to establish political dominance in the Black Sea benefited from the piracy activities in the Black Sea.
In De Aedificiis, Procopius talks about the defensive construction activities carried out in Nort... more In De Aedificiis, Procopius talks about the defensive construction activities carried out in Northeast Anatolia during the reign of Emperor Iustinianus (527-565). However, the locations of these defensive structures mentioned in Procopios are still debated today. The lack of sufficient information on this subject in ancient literary sources, the lack of Archeological findings were the main reasons for the uncertainty about the location of these defensive structures. This study has evaluated the recent survey data of some built-up areas reported on the line of Theodosiopolis (Erzurum)-Trapezus (Trabzon) in the light of archaeological findings and toponymical determinations, and made new suggestions.
Antikçağdan Bugüne Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Yetişen Şifalı Bitkiler ve Kullanım Alanları (Medicinal Plants Growing in the Black Sea From Antiquity to Present and Their Uses), 2018
Öz:Antikçağda Anadolu'nun en önemli bölgelerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkan Kuzeydoğu Anadolu B... more Öz:Antikçağda Anadolu'nun en önemli bölgelerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkan Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi, burada yaşayan insan toplulukları ve toplukların kendine has kültürleriyle Anadolu'nun diğer bölgelerinden farklı bir karakter arz etmiştir. Bölgenin yer altı ve yer üstü zenginlikleri, önemli ticaret yolları ve geçitleri, bölgeyi değerli kılan unsurlar olmuştur. Aynı şekilde Kafkaslara ve Uzak Doğu'ya ulaşan alternatif yollara sahip olması, Karadeniz'in kuzeyinde bulunan liman kentleriyle de sürekli olarak bağlantı fırsatı vermiştir. Tüm bu özelliklerinden dolayı Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi İmparator Nero'nun Doğu politikasında önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Nero'nun Doğu politikası, bu politikanın uzak ve yakın hedefleri ile Nero'nun Doğu politikasında Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin stratejik önemi incelenecektir. Abstract: Northeast Anatolia Region, regarded as one of the most important regions of Anatolia in ancient times, is different from the other regions in nature with its own communities and their cultures. Rich both aboveground and underground resources, important trade and transit routes has made this region much more valuable. In the same vein, having alternative routes to the Caucasus and the Far East has also provided an opportunity to constantly connect with the port cities in the north of the Black Sea. Thanks to all these features aforementioned, the Northeast Anatolia Region has gained an important place in the Eastern policy of the Emperor Nero. The current study aims to investigate the Emperor Nero's Eastern policy, his long-term and short-term political objectives and also, the strategic importance of Northeast Anatolia Region for his Eastern policy.
Kalemi elimize alıp çizdiğimiz deniz Karadeniz ise ardındaki dağ da kuşku yok ki Boztepe'dir. Asl... more Kalemi elimize alıp çizdiğimiz deniz Karadeniz ise ardındaki dağ da kuşku yok ki Boztepe'dir. Aslında cesamet açısından " bir dağ " demek abartılı olsa da her Trabzonlunun gözünde onun Himalayalar kadar görkemli bir yer olduğu şüphe götürmez. ÖZ Trabzon, kadim devirlerden itibaren birçok devlete ve halka ev sahipliği yapmış önemli bir liman kentidir. Bu özelliğinden dolayı kentin her bir köşesi farklı bir kültürü içinde barındırmaktadır. Kent içinde bu tarihi ve kültürel izlerin en iyi izlenebildiği alanların başında Boztepe gelmektedir. Çünkü bu tepe, bulunduğu coğrafi ve stratejik konumunun yanı sıra özellikle ilk ve orta çağ dönemlerinde önemli bir kült alanı olarak da ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada arkeolojik, nümizmatik ve edebi kaynaklar ışığında Boztepe'deki kültler, kült alanları ve bunların tarihsel süreç içinde geçirdiği değişim ve dönüşüm incelenmiştir. ABSTRACT Trabzon is a significant port city which has hosted numerous states and communities since the ancient times. Therefore, every corner of the city reflects different cultural aspects. Boztepe is one of the primary places where one can observe these historical and cultural traces. In addition to its geographic and strategic location, this hill stands out as an important cultic area especially in ancient and medieval ages. To this end, the current study aims at investigating cults and cultic areas in Boztepe and their transformation in their historical process in the light of archaeological, numismatic and literary sources.
Sea piracy activities in the ancient history emerged and developed with the increasing internatio... more Sea piracy activities in the ancient history emerged and developed with the increasing international maritime trade. Piracy in the Black Sea also increased during the Great Colonization Period (750-550 B.C.), when commerce gained significant momentum between communities, and this situation affected the region's economic and political activity. However, piracy activities in the Black Sea were never as active as piracy in the Mediterranean waters. Modern literature has few ancient historical studies conducted on piracy activities in the Black Sea waters. These works have usually focused on the Classical and Hellenistic period Black Sea pirates and their actions. The present study first discusses the factors pushing the emergence and development of piracy activity in the Black Sea coastlines and evaluates various pirate communities in this area. Then, from the perspectives of the Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman periods, piracy in the Black Sea and the relations of the pirates with the surrounding states are evaluated. Finally, the study focuses on how the powers that want to establish political dominance in the Black Sea benefited from the piracy activities in the Black Sea.
In De Aedificiis, Procopius talks about the defensive construction activities carried out in Nort... more In De Aedificiis, Procopius talks about the defensive construction activities carried out in Northeast Anatolia during the reign of Emperor Iustinianus (527-565). However, the locations of these defensive structures mentioned in Procopios are still debated today. The lack of sufficient information on this subject in ancient literary sources, the lack of Archeological findings were the main reasons for the uncertainty about the location of these defensive structures. This study has evaluated the recent survey data of some built-up areas reported on the line of Theodosiopolis (Erzurum)-Trapezus (Trabzon) in the light of archaeological findings and toponymical determinations, and made new suggestions.
Antikçağdan Bugüne Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Yetişen Şifalı Bitkiler ve Kullanım Alanları (Medicinal Plants Growing in the Black Sea From Antiquity to Present and Their Uses), 2018
Öz:Antikçağda Anadolu'nun en önemli bölgelerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkan Kuzeydoğu Anadolu B... more Öz:Antikçağda Anadolu'nun en önemli bölgelerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkan Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi, burada yaşayan insan toplulukları ve toplukların kendine has kültürleriyle Anadolu'nun diğer bölgelerinden farklı bir karakter arz etmiştir. Bölgenin yer altı ve yer üstü zenginlikleri, önemli ticaret yolları ve geçitleri, bölgeyi değerli kılan unsurlar olmuştur. Aynı şekilde Kafkaslara ve Uzak Doğu'ya ulaşan alternatif yollara sahip olması, Karadeniz'in kuzeyinde bulunan liman kentleriyle de sürekli olarak bağlantı fırsatı vermiştir. Tüm bu özelliklerinden dolayı Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi İmparator Nero'nun Doğu politikasında önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Nero'nun Doğu politikası, bu politikanın uzak ve yakın hedefleri ile Nero'nun Doğu politikasında Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin stratejik önemi incelenecektir. Abstract: Northeast Anatolia Region, regarded as one of the most important regions of Anatolia in ancient times, is different from the other regions in nature with its own communities and their cultures. Rich both aboveground and underground resources, important trade and transit routes has made this region much more valuable. In the same vein, having alternative routes to the Caucasus and the Far East has also provided an opportunity to constantly connect with the port cities in the north of the Black Sea. Thanks to all these features aforementioned, the Northeast Anatolia Region has gained an important place in the Eastern policy of the Emperor Nero. The current study aims to investigate the Emperor Nero's Eastern policy, his long-term and short-term political objectives and also, the strategic importance of Northeast Anatolia Region for his Eastern policy.
Kalemi elimize alıp çizdiğimiz deniz Karadeniz ise ardındaki dağ da kuşku yok ki Boztepe'dir. Asl... more Kalemi elimize alıp çizdiğimiz deniz Karadeniz ise ardındaki dağ da kuşku yok ki Boztepe'dir. Aslında cesamet açısından " bir dağ " demek abartılı olsa da her Trabzonlunun gözünde onun Himalayalar kadar görkemli bir yer olduğu şüphe götürmez. ÖZ Trabzon, kadim devirlerden itibaren birçok devlete ve halka ev sahipliği yapmış önemli bir liman kentidir. Bu özelliğinden dolayı kentin her bir köşesi farklı bir kültürü içinde barındırmaktadır. Kent içinde bu tarihi ve kültürel izlerin en iyi izlenebildiği alanların başında Boztepe gelmektedir. Çünkü bu tepe, bulunduğu coğrafi ve stratejik konumunun yanı sıra özellikle ilk ve orta çağ dönemlerinde önemli bir kült alanı olarak da ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada arkeolojik, nümizmatik ve edebi kaynaklar ışığında Boztepe'deki kültler, kült alanları ve bunların tarihsel süreç içinde geçirdiği değişim ve dönüşüm incelenmiştir. ABSTRACT Trabzon is a significant port city which has hosted numerous states and communities since the ancient times. Therefore, every corner of the city reflects different cultural aspects. Boztepe is one of the primary places where one can observe these historical and cultural traces. In addition to its geographic and strategic location, this hill stands out as an important cultic area especially in ancient and medieval ages. To this end, the current study aims at investigating cults and cultic areas in Boztepe and their transformation in their historical process in the light of archaeological, numismatic and literary sources.
The Eastern Black Sea Region, dating back to the early history of mankind with its historical bac... more The Eastern Black Sea Region, dating back to the early history of mankind with its historical background, has taken important missions with its geopolitical and strategic location. In addition to the region’s rich underground and surface resources, being located on important trade routes has also deepened its strategic importance. Bringing together the cultures of the East and West, the Black Sea has been home to many cultures in history including the cultures from The Urartus to The Ancient Greeks and from The Persians to The Romans. However, major power struggles have taken place at the center of this region.
The concept of slavery which first appeared in Hammurabi Laws became an important factor in the w... more The concept of slavery which first appeared in Hammurabi Laws became an important factor in the world of Greece and Rome. The Greek people began to found colonies around The Black Sea for some economic and political reasons from the 7th century B.C. on. These colonies which were considered as agoras (markets) instead of residential areas developed economic, cultural, political and commercial relations with the people of this region. There wasn’t any slave trade or slave market in the Black Sea Region until the 7th century B.C. However, the settlement of Greeks in this region resulted in the appearance of slavery around The Black Sea region. So, slavery began to be used as a trade factor among the people who lived in The Black Sea region.
It is widely accepted by the researchers that it is necessary to benefit from legends and myths w... more It is widely accepted by the researchers that it is necessary to benefit from legends and myths which form the bases of oral literature in order to have knowledge about to period in which writing wasn’t known. Although myths and legends seem to be fictitious tales, in its core there are historical facts and narrations. Argonauts and Golden Fleece legends are mythological narration of Helen Colonization action in which some adventurers wanted to have the untouched natural resources of the south Black Sea in VIII and VII hundred BC.
The Eastern Black Sea Region, dating back to the early history of mankind with its historical bac... more The Eastern Black Sea Region, dating back to the early history of mankind with its historical background, has taken important missions with its geopolitical and strategic location. In addition to the region’s rich underground and surface resources, being located on important trade routes has also deepened its strategic importance. Bringing together the cultures of the East and West, the Black Sea has been home to many cultures in history including the cultures from The Urartus to The Ancient Greeks and from The Persians to The Romans. However, major power struggles have taken place at the center of this region.
... etken balık ve balık ticareti idi.11 Özellikle yumurtlamak için Karadeniz'in büyük ırmak... more ... etken balık ve balık ticareti idi.11 Özellikle yumurtlamak için Karadeniz'in büyük ırmak ağızlarını terci eden somon balığı ve mersin balığının yanı sıra, deniz otu ile ... Bu dönemde değişik balık türlerinin Karadeniz'de yıllık göçleri, balıkçılar ve tacirler için önemli geçim kaynağıydı. ...
Academic Resource Index ve MLA International Bibliography indeksleri tarafından taranan uluslarar... more Academic Resource Index ve MLA International Bibliography indeksleri tarafından taranan uluslararası hakemli akademik bir dergidir ve senede iki kez yayımlanır. Dergide yayımlanan makalelerin sorumluluğu yazarlarına aittir. KAREN is a peerreviewed journal indexed by Institute of Organized Research (I2OR), Academic Resource Index and MLA International Bibliography and published twice in each year. Özge KOÇ-M. Yavuz ALPTEKİN Siyasal ve Kültürel Yönleriyle Trabzon'da Muha-fazakârlık
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Article by Osman EMİR
Abstract: Northeast Anatolia Region, regarded as one of the most important regions of Anatolia in ancient times, is different from the other regions in nature with its own communities and their cultures. Rich both aboveground and underground resources, important trade and transit routes has made this region much more valuable. In the same vein, having alternative routes to the Caucasus and the Far East has also provided an opportunity to constantly connect with the port cities in the north of the Black Sea. Thanks to all these features aforementioned, the Northeast Anatolia Region has gained an important place in the Eastern policy of the Emperor Nero. The current study aims to investigate the Emperor Nero's Eastern policy, his long-term and short-term political objectives and also, the strategic importance of Northeast Anatolia Region for his Eastern policy.
Abstract: Northeast Anatolia Region, regarded as one of the most important regions of Anatolia in ancient times, is different from the other regions in nature with its own communities and their cultures. Rich both aboveground and underground resources, important trade and transit routes has made this region much more valuable. In the same vein, having alternative routes to the Caucasus and the Far East has also provided an opportunity to constantly connect with the port cities in the north of the Black Sea. Thanks to all these features aforementioned, the Northeast Anatolia Region has gained an important place in the Eastern policy of the Emperor Nero. The current study aims to investigate the Emperor Nero's Eastern policy, his long-term and short-term political objectives and also, the strategic importance of Northeast Anatolia Region for his Eastern policy.