Mana

Vide etiam paginam discretivam: Mana (discretiva).

Mana, vocabulum in multis linguis Austronesiis inventum, est notio maximi momenti in culturis Polynesiis et maior hodiernae Insularum Pacificarum culturae pars. Nomen academiam Occidentalem intravit, ubi anthropologiae et religionis comparativae periti de ea late et penitus scripserunt. Denique, hodierna phantasiae fictio, et ludi computatrorum et personarum, vocabulum mana acceperunt pro nomine punctorum magicorum, fons ex quo utentes magiae sua incantamenta magica formant.

Etymologia

Vocabulum mana in saltem viginti quattuor linguis Pacificis fit,^[1] et a lingua Proto-Oceanica deduci potest, praecursore multarum linguarum Pacificarum hodiernarum. Linguista Robertus Blust affirmat manam 'tonitrum, tempestatem, vel ventus' in nonnullis linguis significare, et hypothesim posuit vocabulum primum significavisse "validae naturae vires, sicut tonitrus et venti tempestatum, quae opus concipiebantur actionis supernaturalis et invisae. Cum homines qui Oceanice loqui solebantur ad orientem migrabant, notio actionis supernaturalis et invisae se a corporearum naturae viribus quae eam inspiraverat seiunxit et vitam propriam adsumpserant."^[2]^[3]

Cultura Polynesia

Mana in cultura Polynesia habetur qualitas spiritualis originis supernaturalis, vis sacra et impersonalis in universo exstans. Ergo, habere mana est habere potestatem, auctoritatem, virtutem, quod est facultas in certa re fungi. Haec manae qualitas non solum ab hominibus habetur: gentes, rectiones, loci, resque inanimatae manam possidere possunt. Sunt duo modi adipisci manam: per ortum et per bellum. Homines vel res quae manam possident respectum accipiunt quia eorum possessio manae ei dat auctoritatem, vires, gloriam. Significatio vocabuli est multiplex, quia mana est fundamenta cosmotheoriae Polynesiae.

Nexus interni

Notae

↑ Polynesian Lexicon Project Online.
↑ Anglice: "powerful forces of nature such as thunder and storm winds that were conceived as the expression of an unseen supernatural agency. As Oceanic-speaking peoples spread eastward, the notion of an unseen supernatural agency became detached from the physical forces of nature that had inspired it and assumed a life of its own."
↑ Robert Blust (2007), "Proto-Oceanic *mana Revisited," Oceanic Linguistics 36 (2): 404–22.

Bibliographia

Codrington, Robert Henry. 1891. The Melanesians. Pars pertinens^{[nexus deficit]}.
Keesing, Roger. 1984. "Rethinking mana." Journal of Anthropological Research 40: 137–56.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1950. Introduction à l'œuvre de Marcel Mauss.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1987. Introduction to the Work of Marcel Mauss. Conv. Felicity Baker. ISBN 0415151589.
Mauss, Marcel. 1924. Essai sur le don.
Mondragón, Carlos. 2004. "Of Winds, Worms and Mana: The Traditional Calendar of the Torres Islands, Vanuatu." Oceania 74 (4): 289–308. JSTOR 40332069.

Nexus externi

"Mana," Te Aka Māori–English, English–Māori Dictionary, www.maoridictionary.co.nz
Varney, Allen. "Mana in the Real World," www.allenvarney.com

[1] Polynesian Lexicon Project Online.

[2] Anglice: "powerful forces of nature such as thunder and storm winds that were conceived as the expression of an unseen supernatural agency. As Oceanic-speaking peoples spread eastward, the notion of an unseen supernatural agency became detached from the physical forces of nature that had inspired it and assumed a life of its own."

[Blust_P-Oc_Mana_Revisited-3] Robert Blust (2007), "Proto-Oceanic *mana Revisited," Oceanic Linguistics 36 (2): 404–22.

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