Reynel C, Pennington TD. 1997 El genero Inga en el Peru: morfologia, distribucion y usos. Kew, UK... more Reynel C, Pennington TD. 1997 El genero Inga en el Peru: morfologia, distribucion y usos. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens 228p. ISBN 1 900347 19 9 Sp 91species listed environmental_uses, Leguminosae, animal_food, forage, climate, degraded_land, ...
Three new species of Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) from Andean Ecuador are here described based upon ... more Three new species of Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) from Andean Ecuador are here described based upon their morphological characters: Z. complexum Reynel, Z. kallunkiae Reynel, and Z. pluvimontanum Reynel & D. Tarazona. They all belong to the most speciose section of the genus, Macqueria Comm. ex Triana & Planch, and within it, they can be distinguished by several characters; each one belongs to a different species group of the mentioned section.
A new species of Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) from Colombia and Brazil is described here, based upon... more A new species of Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) from Colombia and Brazil is described here, based upon morphological characters. Zanthoxylum palustre Londoño-Ech. & Reynel is distributed in lacustrine, riverine, and swampy environments at very low altitude, and belongs to Zanthoxylum sect. Macqueria Comm. ex Triana & Planch., the largest section of the genus; it is distinguished by several vegetative and reproductive characteristics.
Global patterns of species and evolutionary diversity in plants are primarily determined by a tem... more Global patterns of species and evolutionary diversity in plants are primarily determined by a temperature gradient, but precipitation gradients may be more important within the tropics, where plant species richness is positively associated with the amount of rainfall. The impact of precipitation on the distribution of evolutionary diversity, however, is largely unexplored. Here we detail how evolutionary diversity varies along precipitation gradients by bringing together a comprehensive database on the composition of angiosperm tree communities across lowland tropical South America (2,025 inventories from wet to arid biomes), and a new, large-scale phylogenetic hypothesis for the genera that occur in these ecosystems. We find a marked reduction in the evolutionary diversity of communities at low precipitation. However, unlike species richness, evolutionary diversity does not continually increase with rainfall. Rather, our results show that the greatest evolutionary diversity is foun...
Abstract The Peruvian Poissonia eriantha is segregated from peripatric Poissonia orbicularis and ... more Abstract The Peruvian Poissonia eriantha is segregated from peripatric Poissonia orbicularis and reinstated as the third unifoliolate species of Poissonia and the second from the Apurimac River basin in Peru. Poissonia eriantha is distinguished phenotypically and by DNA sequences from the ITS and cpDNA trnD-T region and morphology. This overlooked species is known from the type specimen and a recent collection from north of the Apurimac River in westcentral Cuzco where seasonally dry tropical forest vegetation predominates that is rich in succulent taxa (e.g. Cactaceae). Poissonia orbicularis is known from downstream along the Apurimac River and is disjunct further north along the Mantaro River, all within the same kind of seasonally dry vegetation. This seemingly small geographic distinction belies large genetic and phenotypic differences, a finding that may be most common to species groups confined to seasonally dry Neotropical forest vegetation. The case of Poissonia eriantha exemplifies the potentially high degree of niche conservatism and dispersal limitation that seasonally dry succulent-rich woodlands can impose on its constituent lineages.
Abstract A new papilionoid legume genus, Maraniona, is described based on recent collections from... more Abstract A new papilionoid legume genus, Maraniona, is described based on recent collections from the Marañon Valley in northern Peru. The sister group relationships of Maraniona are analyzed using a combination of non-molecular and chloroplast DNA matK/trnK sequence data that incorporate comprehensive generic level sampling across the dalbergioid legumes. This analysis places Maraniona in a strongly supported subclade of the informal Pterocarpus clade of the dalbergioid legumes. We discuss the endemic status of Maraniona in relation to overall endemism in the upper Marañon Valley as well as the possible affinities of Maraniona to the genus Tipuana from Argentina and Bolivia.
The Tambopata region of the southern Peruvian Amazon supports a high diversity of both woody plan... more The Tambopata region of the southern Peruvian Amazon supports a high diversity of both woody plants and forest types. Woods collected from low riverside vegetation, floodplain forest, clay-soil forest on an upper terrace, sandy-soil forest, and swamp forest provide an opportunity to test for significant differences in quantitative anatomical characters among forest types. Vessel-element length in floodplain-forest trees is significantly greater than in the other forest types. Specific gravity is lower in the two early-successional associations (low riverine forest and mature floodplain forest). Vessel diameter and density do not show significant differences among forest types and may be responding to overall climate controls. These two characters, however, show a pattern of variation within a transect extending back from the river along a gradient of increasing substrate and forest age; in addition, sites characterized by frequent flooding or presence of standing water lack vessels in the wider-diameter classes. The six characters analyzed show distributions that are, with the exception of wood specific gravity, significantly nonnormally distributed, a consideration that may be important in representing characteristics of assemblages of taxa. The degree of variability seen in some of the quantitative characters shows the importance of either basing analysis on adequate sample sizes or identifying robust indicators that can be used with small samples.
Two new species of Meliosma, M. chanchamayensis and M. dazae, are described and illustrated from ... more Two new species of Meliosma, M. chanchamayensis and M. dazae, are described and illustrated from the Department of Junín of Peru. Meliosma chanchamayensis is more closely related to M. wurdackii but differs by its leaf blades (4.0-)5.0–7.2 cm wide, glabrous abaxial leaf blades, pedicels 0.5–0.8 mm long, and sepals 0.71–0.90 mm long. Meliosma dazae most closely resembles M. caballeroensis but differs by its elliptic leaf blades, sepals longer than outer petals, sepals 0.92–1.18 mm long, outer petals 0.66–0.95 mm long, and entire inner petals. Following IUCN criteria, M. chanchamayensis and M. dazae are categorised as Critically Endangered (CR).
A taxonomic revision of Begonia veitchii Hook.f. is presented. Two taxa are newly recognised as s... more A taxonomic revision of Begonia veitchii Hook.f. is presented. Two taxa are newly recognised as synonyms of Begonia veitchii: B. baumannii Lemoine and B. clarkei Hook.f. Addditionally, two infraspecific taxa are newly described and illustrated: Begonia veitchii var. machupicchuensis Tebbitt, which is endemic to the Cusco Department of Peru, and B. veitchii var. lanatifolia Tebbitt, which is endemic to Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia. Begonia veitchii, as well as four taxa recognised as synonyms of B. veitchii – B. baumannii, B. rosaeflora Hook.f., B. coriacea A.DC. and B. clarkei – are lectotypified. A key, descriptions, distribution map and illustrations are provided for all the recognised infraspecific taxa of Begonia veitchii.
Reynel C, Pennington TD. 1997 El genero Inga en el Peru: morfologia, distribucion y usos. Kew, UK... more Reynel C, Pennington TD. 1997 El genero Inga en el Peru: morfologia, distribucion y usos. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens 228p. ISBN 1 900347 19 9 Sp 91species listed environmental_uses, Leguminosae, animal_food, forage, climate, degraded_land, ...
Three new species of Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) from Andean Ecuador are here described based upon ... more Three new species of Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) from Andean Ecuador are here described based upon their morphological characters: Z. complexum Reynel, Z. kallunkiae Reynel, and Z. pluvimontanum Reynel & D. Tarazona. They all belong to the most speciose section of the genus, Macqueria Comm. ex Triana & Planch, and within it, they can be distinguished by several characters; each one belongs to a different species group of the mentioned section.
A new species of Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) from Colombia and Brazil is described here, based upon... more A new species of Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) from Colombia and Brazil is described here, based upon morphological characters. Zanthoxylum palustre Londoño-Ech. & Reynel is distributed in lacustrine, riverine, and swampy environments at very low altitude, and belongs to Zanthoxylum sect. Macqueria Comm. ex Triana & Planch., the largest section of the genus; it is distinguished by several vegetative and reproductive characteristics.
Global patterns of species and evolutionary diversity in plants are primarily determined by a tem... more Global patterns of species and evolutionary diversity in plants are primarily determined by a temperature gradient, but precipitation gradients may be more important within the tropics, where plant species richness is positively associated with the amount of rainfall. The impact of precipitation on the distribution of evolutionary diversity, however, is largely unexplored. Here we detail how evolutionary diversity varies along precipitation gradients by bringing together a comprehensive database on the composition of angiosperm tree communities across lowland tropical South America (2,025 inventories from wet to arid biomes), and a new, large-scale phylogenetic hypothesis for the genera that occur in these ecosystems. We find a marked reduction in the evolutionary diversity of communities at low precipitation. However, unlike species richness, evolutionary diversity does not continually increase with rainfall. Rather, our results show that the greatest evolutionary diversity is foun...
Abstract The Peruvian Poissonia eriantha is segregated from peripatric Poissonia orbicularis and ... more Abstract The Peruvian Poissonia eriantha is segregated from peripatric Poissonia orbicularis and reinstated as the third unifoliolate species of Poissonia and the second from the Apurimac River basin in Peru. Poissonia eriantha is distinguished phenotypically and by DNA sequences from the ITS and cpDNA trnD-T region and morphology. This overlooked species is known from the type specimen and a recent collection from north of the Apurimac River in westcentral Cuzco where seasonally dry tropical forest vegetation predominates that is rich in succulent taxa (e.g. Cactaceae). Poissonia orbicularis is known from downstream along the Apurimac River and is disjunct further north along the Mantaro River, all within the same kind of seasonally dry vegetation. This seemingly small geographic distinction belies large genetic and phenotypic differences, a finding that may be most common to species groups confined to seasonally dry Neotropical forest vegetation. The case of Poissonia eriantha exemplifies the potentially high degree of niche conservatism and dispersal limitation that seasonally dry succulent-rich woodlands can impose on its constituent lineages.
Abstract A new papilionoid legume genus, Maraniona, is described based on recent collections from... more Abstract A new papilionoid legume genus, Maraniona, is described based on recent collections from the Marañon Valley in northern Peru. The sister group relationships of Maraniona are analyzed using a combination of non-molecular and chloroplast DNA matK/trnK sequence data that incorporate comprehensive generic level sampling across the dalbergioid legumes. This analysis places Maraniona in a strongly supported subclade of the informal Pterocarpus clade of the dalbergioid legumes. We discuss the endemic status of Maraniona in relation to overall endemism in the upper Marañon Valley as well as the possible affinities of Maraniona to the genus Tipuana from Argentina and Bolivia.
The Tambopata region of the southern Peruvian Amazon supports a high diversity of both woody plan... more The Tambopata region of the southern Peruvian Amazon supports a high diversity of both woody plants and forest types. Woods collected from low riverside vegetation, floodplain forest, clay-soil forest on an upper terrace, sandy-soil forest, and swamp forest provide an opportunity to test for significant differences in quantitative anatomical characters among forest types. Vessel-element length in floodplain-forest trees is significantly greater than in the other forest types. Specific gravity is lower in the two early-successional associations (low riverine forest and mature floodplain forest). Vessel diameter and density do not show significant differences among forest types and may be responding to overall climate controls. These two characters, however, show a pattern of variation within a transect extending back from the river along a gradient of increasing substrate and forest age; in addition, sites characterized by frequent flooding or presence of standing water lack vessels in the wider-diameter classes. The six characters analyzed show distributions that are, with the exception of wood specific gravity, significantly nonnormally distributed, a consideration that may be important in representing characteristics of assemblages of taxa. The degree of variability seen in some of the quantitative characters shows the importance of either basing analysis on adequate sample sizes or identifying robust indicators that can be used with small samples.
Two new species of Meliosma, M. chanchamayensis and M. dazae, are described and illustrated from ... more Two new species of Meliosma, M. chanchamayensis and M. dazae, are described and illustrated from the Department of Junín of Peru. Meliosma chanchamayensis is more closely related to M. wurdackii but differs by its leaf blades (4.0-)5.0–7.2 cm wide, glabrous abaxial leaf blades, pedicels 0.5–0.8 mm long, and sepals 0.71–0.90 mm long. Meliosma dazae most closely resembles M. caballeroensis but differs by its elliptic leaf blades, sepals longer than outer petals, sepals 0.92–1.18 mm long, outer petals 0.66–0.95 mm long, and entire inner petals. Following IUCN criteria, M. chanchamayensis and M. dazae are categorised as Critically Endangered (CR).
A taxonomic revision of Begonia veitchii Hook.f. is presented. Two taxa are newly recognised as s... more A taxonomic revision of Begonia veitchii Hook.f. is presented. Two taxa are newly recognised as synonyms of Begonia veitchii: B. baumannii Lemoine and B. clarkei Hook.f. Addditionally, two infraspecific taxa are newly described and illustrated: Begonia veitchii var. machupicchuensis Tebbitt, which is endemic to the Cusco Department of Peru, and B. veitchii var. lanatifolia Tebbitt, which is endemic to Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia. Begonia veitchii, as well as four taxa recognised as synonyms of B. veitchii – B. baumannii, B. rosaeflora Hook.f., B. coriacea A.DC. and B. clarkei – are lectotypified. A key, descriptions, distribution map and illustrations are provided for all the recognised infraspecific taxa of Begonia veitchii.
In this report 70 out of the 127 tree species evaluated were assessed as globally threatened base... more In this report 70 out of the 127 tree species evaluated were assessed as globally threatened based on the IUCN Red List of Categories and Criteria and a further 20 species classified as Near Threatened. Prior to this regional Red List report, 199 endemic tree species have been evaluated in national Red Listing initiatives. Including these national evaluations with the findings in this report, a total of 235 tree species have been identified as threatened in the tropical Andes.
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