Below-ground interactions in tropical agroecosystems: concepts and models with multiple plant components
The methods used to identify and control the main causes of soil acidification such as atmospheri... more The methods used to identify and control the main causes of soil acidification such as atmospheric sources, nitrogen, carbon and sulfur cycle and rate of soil acidification are illustrated. The transfer of organic alkalinity in agroecosystems is demonstrated.
HE pronounced topography of Peru re-T sults in considerable sensitivity to the ... Julio C. Alegr... more HE pronounced topography of Peru re-T sults in considerable sensitivity to the ... Julio C. Alegre is a visiting assistant professor of soil physics, Tropical Soils Research Program, Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695-7619 Carmen Felipe- ...
<p>Under long term agroforestry management systems (INAS, ITAS) as compared to soil propert... more <p>Under long term agroforestry management systems (INAS, ITAS) as compared to soil properties of SF at different depths (0–20, 20–40, 40–60 cm) during 2004 to 2010 experimental period.</p
Objectives. To characterize the total content of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn... more Objectives. To characterize the total content of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and trace elements (As and Se) of interest, their bioavailability and solubility during the composting of cow manure and tree litter in piles inoculated with beneficial microorganism (IBM), or not inoculated (NBM), on the university campus of the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM). Methods. The investigation evaluated composting in six piles, three IBM piles and three NBM piles, for 120 days. Every 30 days, a composite sample was taken from each pile. The raw materials used were cattle manure and tree litter. The variables analyzed were the total concentrations (content) of metals and trace elements of interest, extracted with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid/pentatetic acid (DTPA) (for the bioavailability study) and extracted with deionized water (for the solubility study). Results. The average values (n = 3) of the total content (mg·kg−1) on day 120 in IBM were in the f...
El tomate de arbol ( Solanum betaceum Cav) es una planta nativa de America del Sur que esta tenie... more El tomate de arbol ( Solanum betaceum Cav) es una planta nativa de America del Sur que esta teniendo dificultades en mantenerse en las areas de produccion en Ecuador por problemas fitosanitarios, ocasionando la disminucion de estas. Es una planta con bastante demanda en el canton Guachapala, y ultimamente se esta expandiendo su produccion. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue evaluar la sostenibilidad social de las fincas productoras de tomate de arbol en el canton Guachapala, Azuay-Ecuador. Se utilizo la “Metodologia Multicriterio”. La poblacion objetivo estuvo constituida por fincas con una plantacion no menor de 12 meses de edad, contado a partir del trasplante a campo y en plena fructificacion. Se trabajo con 52 productores y la informacion se obtuvo a traves de encuestas estructuradas y adaptadas al medio. Se encontro que la produccion del tomate de arbol en las fincas del canton Guachapala es socialmente sustentable. Sin embargo, el acceso a la educacion, el conocimiento y la...
Las comunidades de Salache UTC San Felipe, Cotopaxi en Ecuador tienen problemas de fondo para el ... more Las comunidades de Salache UTC San Felipe, Cotopaxi en Ecuador tienen problemas de fondo para el manejo eficiente de sus sistemas productivos lo que esta dificultando la sustentabilidad de las comunidades. Este estudio tiene el objetivo de la determinacion de la sustentabilidad mediante indicadores socio-economicos y ambientales, Se elaboraron encuestas estructuradas y se evaluaron de una poblacion objetiva de 300 pobladores con una muestra representativa fue 170, donde se analizo 24 indicadores de sustentabilidad Socio-Economicas y Ambientales del sector de Salache. Se evaluaron las relaciones establecidas entre los componentes biofisicos, agronomicos y tecnologicos, asociados a los subsistemas agricolas, los datos obtenidos se manejaron con software SPSS y Excel. En la evaluacion de la sustentabilidad general con limites de 2 se pudo determinar que en la dimension economica se obtuvo el valor de 1,75; en la dimension social 1,85 y, 2,21; en la ambiental determinandose la sustentab...
Este estudo foi realizado nos municipios de Machadinho e Barao de Cotegipe no Estado do Rio Grand... more Este estudo foi realizado nos municipios de Machadinho e Barao de Cotegipe no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, durante o primeiro trimestre de 2007. Para a determinacao da curva alometrica foram realizadas amostragens destrutivas de 30 arvores em areas de producao de erva-mate, correspondentes a seis idades de cultivo: 4, 8, 10, 16, 22 e 25 anos, de forma a representar o ciclo produtivo da especie florestal.A erva-mate e uma cultura caracteristica da agricultura familiar da regiao Sul do Brasil. Alem de sua importância cultural e uma alternativa de geracao de emprego, renda e de reposicao florestal, com grande potencial de proporcionar servicos ambientais como o de sequestro de carbono.Pelo estudo, o fluxo anual de carbono na biomassa aerea da erva-mate, e estimada, na media, em 20 t/CO2/ha/ ano, tendo como reserva no solo, mais de 207 tCO2/ha. A equacao alometrica que mais se ajustou para estimar a biomassa total das arvores de erva-mate foi: Biomasa =-0,1255+0,8081*Idade+3,967...
The societal responses required to achieve sustainable soil management are complex and many-facet... more The societal responses required to achieve sustainable soil management are complex and many-faceted. The implementation of soil management decisions is typically made locally and occurs within widely differing socio-economic contexts. The development of specific measures appropriate for adoption by local decision-makers requires multi-level, interdisciplinary initiatives by many stakeholders – partnerships are therefore essential. In recognition of this, the Global Soil Partnership (GSP) was established by members of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Its Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS) was established at the first Plenary Assembly of the GSP in June 2013. After two years of work, the ITPS is publishing the first ever comprehensive State of the World’s Soil Resources report (SWSR). The goal of the SWSR is to make clear the essential connections between human well-being and the soil. The report provides a benchmark against which the world’s collective progress to conserve this essential resource can be measured. About 200 soil scientists from 60 countries contributed directly to the report. Their assessment has synthesized the scientific knowledge embodied in more than 2,000 peer-reviewed scientific publications. The report provides a global perspective on the current state of the soil, its role in providing ecosystem services, and the threats to its continued contribution to these services. The specific threats to soil function considered in the report are erosion, compaction, acidification, contamination, sealing, salinization, waterlogging, nutrient imbalance (i.e., both nutrient deficiency and nutrient excess), and losses of soil organic carbon and of biodiversity.JRC.H.5-Land Resources Managemen
In the present investigation the water quality of the Lluchca microbasin, Amazonas, Peru, was eva... more In the present investigation the water quality of the Lluchca microbasin, Amazonas, Peru, was evaluated. Three samples were taken, one for each week the samples were collected with different atmospheric conditions. The samples were taken at two sampling points, established according to the intervention of areas of extensive grazing of cattle within said microbasin. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters, such as temperature (aC), Turbidity (NTU), Hydrogen Potential (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen (OD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids ( STS), Nitrates (N-NO3), Phosphates (PO4), Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms. Using the Excel program for Windows, the results achieved were compared with the National Environmental Quality Standards for Water category 3 Subcategory D2. Where temperature, hydrogen potential, phosphates, electrical conductivity, and dissolved solids, these results did not exceed the Environmental Quality Standards ...
<p>Soil Physical Properties: BD, Po, FC, WP, and PAW, for 2010 Influenced by Systems of Cac... more <p>Soil Physical Properties: BD, Po, FC, WP, and PAW, for 2010 Influenced by Systems of Cacao Management and Cacao Genotypes at 0-20cm Depth.</p
Los productores de la región Amazonas vienen implementando Sistemas Silvopastoriles (SSP), para c... more Los productores de la región Amazonas vienen implementando Sistemas Silvopastoriles (SSP), para contrarrestar los efectos en el suelo y deterioro del ecosistema debido al manejo de una ganadería tradicional; sin embargo, se desconocen las características asociadas a estos sistemas, planteándose como objetivo caracterizar los SSP en la cuenca ganadera de Molinopampa. Se aplicaron encuestas a productores de 130 Unidades Agropecuarias, las cuales se analizaron con multivariada (conglomerados, correlación de Spearman y Análisis de Componentes Principales). El análisis de conglomerados permitió la clasificación de los productores en cinco grupos, diferenciados por el área de SSP que maneja, número de animales y producción de leche por hato ganadero. El grupo que presentó los mejores indicadores fue el cuarto, quienes se dedican a la ganadería en un 57%, cuentan con un área mayor a 6 ha, poseen más de 51 cabezas de ganado vacuno y tienen una producción de leche de 70 litros/hato/día. El a...
Below-ground interactions in tropical agroecosystems: concepts and models with multiple plant components
The methods used to identify and control the main causes of soil acidification such as atmospheri... more The methods used to identify and control the main causes of soil acidification such as atmospheric sources, nitrogen, carbon and sulfur cycle and rate of soil acidification are illustrated. The transfer of organic alkalinity in agroecosystems is demonstrated.
HE pronounced topography of Peru re-T sults in considerable sensitivity to the ... Julio C. Alegr... more HE pronounced topography of Peru re-T sults in considerable sensitivity to the ... Julio C. Alegre is a visiting assistant professor of soil physics, Tropical Soils Research Program, Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695-7619 Carmen Felipe- ...
<p>Under long term agroforestry management systems (INAS, ITAS) as compared to soil propert... more <p>Under long term agroforestry management systems (INAS, ITAS) as compared to soil properties of SF at different depths (0–20, 20–40, 40–60 cm) during 2004 to 2010 experimental period.</p
Objectives. To characterize the total content of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn... more Objectives. To characterize the total content of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and trace elements (As and Se) of interest, their bioavailability and solubility during the composting of cow manure and tree litter in piles inoculated with beneficial microorganism (IBM), or not inoculated (NBM), on the university campus of the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM). Methods. The investigation evaluated composting in six piles, three IBM piles and three NBM piles, for 120 days. Every 30 days, a composite sample was taken from each pile. The raw materials used were cattle manure and tree litter. The variables analyzed were the total concentrations (content) of metals and trace elements of interest, extracted with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid/pentatetic acid (DTPA) (for the bioavailability study) and extracted with deionized water (for the solubility study). Results. The average values (n = 3) of the total content (mg·kg−1) on day 120 in IBM were in the f...
El tomate de arbol ( Solanum betaceum Cav) es una planta nativa de America del Sur que esta tenie... more El tomate de arbol ( Solanum betaceum Cav) es una planta nativa de America del Sur que esta teniendo dificultades en mantenerse en las areas de produccion en Ecuador por problemas fitosanitarios, ocasionando la disminucion de estas. Es una planta con bastante demanda en el canton Guachapala, y ultimamente se esta expandiendo su produccion. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue evaluar la sostenibilidad social de las fincas productoras de tomate de arbol en el canton Guachapala, Azuay-Ecuador. Se utilizo la “Metodologia Multicriterio”. La poblacion objetivo estuvo constituida por fincas con una plantacion no menor de 12 meses de edad, contado a partir del trasplante a campo y en plena fructificacion. Se trabajo con 52 productores y la informacion se obtuvo a traves de encuestas estructuradas y adaptadas al medio. Se encontro que la produccion del tomate de arbol en las fincas del canton Guachapala es socialmente sustentable. Sin embargo, el acceso a la educacion, el conocimiento y la...
Las comunidades de Salache UTC San Felipe, Cotopaxi en Ecuador tienen problemas de fondo para el ... more Las comunidades de Salache UTC San Felipe, Cotopaxi en Ecuador tienen problemas de fondo para el manejo eficiente de sus sistemas productivos lo que esta dificultando la sustentabilidad de las comunidades. Este estudio tiene el objetivo de la determinacion de la sustentabilidad mediante indicadores socio-economicos y ambientales, Se elaboraron encuestas estructuradas y se evaluaron de una poblacion objetiva de 300 pobladores con una muestra representativa fue 170, donde se analizo 24 indicadores de sustentabilidad Socio-Economicas y Ambientales del sector de Salache. Se evaluaron las relaciones establecidas entre los componentes biofisicos, agronomicos y tecnologicos, asociados a los subsistemas agricolas, los datos obtenidos se manejaron con software SPSS y Excel. En la evaluacion de la sustentabilidad general con limites de 2 se pudo determinar que en la dimension economica se obtuvo el valor de 1,75; en la dimension social 1,85 y, 2,21; en la ambiental determinandose la sustentab...
Este estudo foi realizado nos municipios de Machadinho e Barao de Cotegipe no Estado do Rio Grand... more Este estudo foi realizado nos municipios de Machadinho e Barao de Cotegipe no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, durante o primeiro trimestre de 2007. Para a determinacao da curva alometrica foram realizadas amostragens destrutivas de 30 arvores em areas de producao de erva-mate, correspondentes a seis idades de cultivo: 4, 8, 10, 16, 22 e 25 anos, de forma a representar o ciclo produtivo da especie florestal.A erva-mate e uma cultura caracteristica da agricultura familiar da regiao Sul do Brasil. Alem de sua importância cultural e uma alternativa de geracao de emprego, renda e de reposicao florestal, com grande potencial de proporcionar servicos ambientais como o de sequestro de carbono.Pelo estudo, o fluxo anual de carbono na biomassa aerea da erva-mate, e estimada, na media, em 20 t/CO2/ha/ ano, tendo como reserva no solo, mais de 207 tCO2/ha. A equacao alometrica que mais se ajustou para estimar a biomassa total das arvores de erva-mate foi: Biomasa =-0,1255+0,8081*Idade+3,967...
The societal responses required to achieve sustainable soil management are complex and many-facet... more The societal responses required to achieve sustainable soil management are complex and many-faceted. The implementation of soil management decisions is typically made locally and occurs within widely differing socio-economic contexts. The development of specific measures appropriate for adoption by local decision-makers requires multi-level, interdisciplinary initiatives by many stakeholders – partnerships are therefore essential. In recognition of this, the Global Soil Partnership (GSP) was established by members of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Its Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS) was established at the first Plenary Assembly of the GSP in June 2013. After two years of work, the ITPS is publishing the first ever comprehensive State of the World’s Soil Resources report (SWSR). The goal of the SWSR is to make clear the essential connections between human well-being and the soil. The report provides a benchmark against which the world’s collective progress to conserve this essential resource can be measured. About 200 soil scientists from 60 countries contributed directly to the report. Their assessment has synthesized the scientific knowledge embodied in more than 2,000 peer-reviewed scientific publications. The report provides a global perspective on the current state of the soil, its role in providing ecosystem services, and the threats to its continued contribution to these services. The specific threats to soil function considered in the report are erosion, compaction, acidification, contamination, sealing, salinization, waterlogging, nutrient imbalance (i.e., both nutrient deficiency and nutrient excess), and losses of soil organic carbon and of biodiversity.JRC.H.5-Land Resources Managemen
In the present investigation the water quality of the Lluchca microbasin, Amazonas, Peru, was eva... more In the present investigation the water quality of the Lluchca microbasin, Amazonas, Peru, was evaluated. Three samples were taken, one for each week the samples were collected with different atmospheric conditions. The samples were taken at two sampling points, established according to the intervention of areas of extensive grazing of cattle within said microbasin. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters, such as temperature (aC), Turbidity (NTU), Hydrogen Potential (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen (OD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids ( STS), Nitrates (N-NO3), Phosphates (PO4), Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms. Using the Excel program for Windows, the results achieved were compared with the National Environmental Quality Standards for Water category 3 Subcategory D2. Where temperature, hydrogen potential, phosphates, electrical conductivity, and dissolved solids, these results did not exceed the Environmental Quality Standards ...
<p>Soil Physical Properties: BD, Po, FC, WP, and PAW, for 2010 Influenced by Systems of Cac... more <p>Soil Physical Properties: BD, Po, FC, WP, and PAW, for 2010 Influenced by Systems of Cacao Management and Cacao Genotypes at 0-20cm Depth.</p
Los productores de la región Amazonas vienen implementando Sistemas Silvopastoriles (SSP), para c... more Los productores de la región Amazonas vienen implementando Sistemas Silvopastoriles (SSP), para contrarrestar los efectos en el suelo y deterioro del ecosistema debido al manejo de una ganadería tradicional; sin embargo, se desconocen las características asociadas a estos sistemas, planteándose como objetivo caracterizar los SSP en la cuenca ganadera de Molinopampa. Se aplicaron encuestas a productores de 130 Unidades Agropecuarias, las cuales se analizaron con multivariada (conglomerados, correlación de Spearman y Análisis de Componentes Principales). El análisis de conglomerados permitió la clasificación de los productores en cinco grupos, diferenciados por el área de SSP que maneja, número de animales y producción de leche por hato ganadero. El grupo que presentó los mejores indicadores fue el cuarto, quienes se dedican a la ganadería en un 57%, cuentan con un área mayor a 6 ha, poseen más de 51 cabezas de ganado vacuno y tienen una producción de leche de 70 litros/hato/día. El a...
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