This contribution examines how people used social media to provide help during the Norway attacks... more This contribution examines how people used social media to provide help during the Norway attacks on 22 July, 2011. In the attacks, a person first detonated a bomb in Oslo, killing eight people. He then drove some 30 miles to the island of Utoya, where he shot 69 young people. Our analysis develops a new concept of ‚peripheral cooperation’ to enable better understanding of how the public can contribute to the mobilization of resources.
In this paper, we examine challenges people face in situations of disrupted network infrastructur... more In this paper, we examine challenges people face in situations of disrupted network infrastructures and how people use surviving portions of technology to cope with these challenges. We show how an important aspect in crises is the disturbance of services caused by disruptions in underlying technological structures. In such situations, people resort to all possible means to “reconstruct normality” in the sense of restoring their ability to communicate. For doing so, people often make creative use of the remains of the technological landscape. Building on the analysis of interviews with crises witnesses and first responders, external reports and scientific literature, we propose and describe three categories of mechanisms involving the creative use of surviving technology in crisis situations. We argue that studying these mechanisms can provide a key source of inspiration to define qualities of resilient architectures, and use these mechanisms as creative input to propose architectural qualities that can potentially make communication systems more resilient in the face of crises.
This paper presents a case study of microblogging during the Norway attacks on 22 July, 2011, dur... more This paper presents a case study of microblogging during the Norway attacks on 22 July, 2011, during which a single person first detonated a bomb in Oslo, killing eight people, and then shot 69 young people on the island of Utøya. It proposes a novel way of conceptualizing the public contribution to mobilization of resources through microblogging, particularly tweeting, as a form of ‘peripheral response’. By examining the distributed efforts of responding to the crisis in relation to emergent forms of agile and dialogic emergency response, the paper also revisits the concept of situation awareness and reflects upon the dynamic and constantly changing environment that social media and crises inhabit together.
Crisis response tests the limits of information technologies which aim to support collaboration. ... more Crisis response tests the limits of information technologies which aim to support collaboration. This paper develops a vision of IT supported ‘agile response’ and explores the potential and challenges for workflows in this context. The authors delineate ‘collaborative agile workflows’as a candidate response to these challenges.
In the hustle and bustle of urban life, stillness is peculiar. A beggar crouching on the pavement... more In the hustle and bustle of urban life, stillness is peculiar. A beggar crouching on the pavement, a commuter asleep on a train, a couple sitting on a bench in a park: they are – involuntarily, exhaustedly, happily – taking “time out”. To practise stillness, people often set themselves apart spatially, making others eddy around them, especially in busy city streets. Stillness is the (often un- welcome) flipside of movement, enforced at traffic lights, in queues, at bus- stops. Moreover, stillness has the potential to alter people’s frame of mind. When witnessed or, even more strongly, when it is experienced, stillness affords reflection, a transposition of consciousness “from relation-in-the- world towards a relation-to-the-world” (Bissell 2007: 287). In this chapter we examine practices, experiences and the frisson of stillness. We focus on the social organisation and practical achievement of stillness in a particular event to exhibit the reflexivity of (im)mobility and interaction in public spaces.
Using a video camera as part of ethnographic workplace studies does not make it possible to ‘capt... more Using a video camera as part of ethnographic workplace studies does not make it possible to ‘capture’ the social organisation of work in a particular setting. Although the camera can record activities in the workplace, it only records images. Moreover, however strategically placed, its frame of view will exclude the past, the what happened before it was turned on, things outside its frame, words spoken at the other end of a telephone, things seen on a screen, or hidden behind someone’s head or hand. To borrow a term from emergency response, situation awareness of situated action is hard to achieve. This lack of video - if we want to call it that - is exacerbated when we’re not engaged in workplace studies, but studies of work, and especially when that work is mobile. In this paper we explore some affordances of video for ethnographic studies of work through a preliminary analysis of a 15 minute sequence from a 2012 emergency response exercise in the UK, aiming to train responders’ understanding and use of command structures during a major incident.
Objective: To investigate the connections between, and respective contributions of, evidence-base... more Objective: To investigate the connections between, and respective contributions of, evidence-based and experience- based methods in the redesign of healthcare services. Background: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) preceded (and inspired) the development of evidence-based design (EBD) for healthcare facilities. A key feature of debate around EBM has been the question of interpretation of the guid-
ance by experienced clinicians, to achieve maximum efficacy for individual patients. This interpretation and translation of guidelines—avoiding a formulaic approach, allowing for diver- gent cultural and geographical exigencies, creating innovative, context-specific solutions—is the subject of this discussion, which examines the potential for integration of evidence-based and experience-based approaches in the development of creative solutions to healthcare services in England. This paper examines Practice-Based Commissioning (PBC) in England, which devolves responsibility for commissioning new services for patients to frontline clinicians, relying on their understand- ing of patient needs at the local level.
Methods: An 18-month project, funded by the Health and
Care Infrastructure Research and Innovation Centre (HaCIRIC), examined PBC frameworks in England, investigating the impact of different models of governance on the development of service redesign proposals to answer the following questions: How do clinicians interpret the multiplicity of guidance from government agencies and translate this into knowledge that can be effectively used to redesign patient care pathways aligned with local healthcare priorities? How can understand- ing patient and staff “experiences” and key “touch points” of interaction with local healthcare services be used to provide
a creative, customized solution to the design of healthcare services in a local, community-based framework?
Key Words: Evidence-based design, experience-based design, public services, primary care, patient engagement, service design, codesign
The ‘smart’ in ‘Smart Transport’ usually refers to technologies, not people. From cars designed t... more The ‘smart’ in ‘Smart Transport’ usually refers to technologies, not people. From cars designed to be ‘stackable’, through signs that monitor parking spaces, to ‘automatic cruise control’ systems that ‘intelligently’ control distances through vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication: technologies are key to smart transport. And it is true, people – armoured with status symbol cars and stuck in traffic – often do not behave intelligently, raging at other drivers and pedestrians, taking risks that endanger themselves and others. However, underestimating human intelligence could be a damaging oversight and missed opportunity for transport designers.
This paper develops a (constructive) critique of the potential of ambient intelligence technologi... more This paper develops a (constructive) critique of the potential of ambient intelligence technologies in emergency response. We explore some difficulties in, and successful practices of, inter-agency collaboration in emergency response, revealed in ethnographic field studies and collaborative design workshops with first responders undertaken in the frame of the Bridge project. We describe four challenges with refer- ence to literature and our own fieldwork in Emergency Management Information Systems (EMIS) design: data transparency, interpretation/intuition, flexible working and information overload. We posit that ambient intelligence has a great deal to offer in the creation of emergency management information systems but that these offer- ings should be guided by ‘modesty’ and an ongoing entanglement with emergency practitioners.
Analysis of socio-technical challenges and opportunities around contemporary mobilities suggests ... more Analysis of socio-technical challenges and opportunities around contemporary mobilities suggests new interpretations and visions for intelligent transport systems. Multiple forms of intelligence are required (but not easily compatible), transport is too narrow a term, and innovation results in new socio-technical systems. An exploration of cumulative, collective and collaborative aspects of mobility systems, allows us to sketch challenges and opportunities in relation to practices of collaboration, communication and coordination, literacies for creativity, comfort and control, citizenship and (lack of) a sense of crisis, concluding with a discussion of methodological implications.
This contribution examines how people used social media to provide help during the Norway attacks... more This contribution examines how people used social media to provide help during the Norway attacks on 22 July, 2011. In the attacks, a person first detonated a bomb in Oslo, killing eight people. He then drove some 30 miles to the island of Utoya, where he shot 69 young people. Our analysis develops a new concept of ‚peripheral cooperation’ to enable better understanding of how the public can contribute to the mobilization of resources.
In this paper, we examine challenges people face in situations of disrupted network infrastructur... more In this paper, we examine challenges people face in situations of disrupted network infrastructures and how people use surviving portions of technology to cope with these challenges. We show how an important aspect in crises is the disturbance of services caused by disruptions in underlying technological structures. In such situations, people resort to all possible means to “reconstruct normality” in the sense of restoring their ability to communicate. For doing so, people often make creative use of the remains of the technological landscape. Building on the analysis of interviews with crises witnesses and first responders, external reports and scientific literature, we propose and describe three categories of mechanisms involving the creative use of surviving technology in crisis situations. We argue that studying these mechanisms can provide a key source of inspiration to define qualities of resilient architectures, and use these mechanisms as creative input to propose architectural qualities that can potentially make communication systems more resilient in the face of crises.
This paper presents a case study of microblogging during the Norway attacks on 22 July, 2011, dur... more This paper presents a case study of microblogging during the Norway attacks on 22 July, 2011, during which a single person first detonated a bomb in Oslo, killing eight people, and then shot 69 young people on the island of Utøya. It proposes a novel way of conceptualizing the public contribution to mobilization of resources through microblogging, particularly tweeting, as a form of ‘peripheral response’. By examining the distributed efforts of responding to the crisis in relation to emergent forms of agile and dialogic emergency response, the paper also revisits the concept of situation awareness and reflects upon the dynamic and constantly changing environment that social media and crises inhabit together.
Crisis response tests the limits of information technologies which aim to support collaboration. ... more Crisis response tests the limits of information technologies which aim to support collaboration. This paper develops a vision of IT supported ‘agile response’ and explores the potential and challenges for workflows in this context. The authors delineate ‘collaborative agile workflows’as a candidate response to these challenges.
In the hustle and bustle of urban life, stillness is peculiar. A beggar crouching on the pavement... more In the hustle and bustle of urban life, stillness is peculiar. A beggar crouching on the pavement, a commuter asleep on a train, a couple sitting on a bench in a park: they are – involuntarily, exhaustedly, happily – taking “time out”. To practise stillness, people often set themselves apart spatially, making others eddy around them, especially in busy city streets. Stillness is the (often un- welcome) flipside of movement, enforced at traffic lights, in queues, at bus- stops. Moreover, stillness has the potential to alter people’s frame of mind. When witnessed or, even more strongly, when it is experienced, stillness affords reflection, a transposition of consciousness “from relation-in-the- world towards a relation-to-the-world” (Bissell 2007: 287). In this chapter we examine practices, experiences and the frisson of stillness. We focus on the social organisation and practical achievement of stillness in a particular event to exhibit the reflexivity of (im)mobility and interaction in public spaces.
Using a video camera as part of ethnographic workplace studies does not make it possible to ‘capt... more Using a video camera as part of ethnographic workplace studies does not make it possible to ‘capture’ the social organisation of work in a particular setting. Although the camera can record activities in the workplace, it only records images. Moreover, however strategically placed, its frame of view will exclude the past, the what happened before it was turned on, things outside its frame, words spoken at the other end of a telephone, things seen on a screen, or hidden behind someone’s head or hand. To borrow a term from emergency response, situation awareness of situated action is hard to achieve. This lack of video - if we want to call it that - is exacerbated when we’re not engaged in workplace studies, but studies of work, and especially when that work is mobile. In this paper we explore some affordances of video for ethnographic studies of work through a preliminary analysis of a 15 minute sequence from a 2012 emergency response exercise in the UK, aiming to train responders’ understanding and use of command structures during a major incident.
Objective: To investigate the connections between, and respective contributions of, evidence-base... more Objective: To investigate the connections between, and respective contributions of, evidence-based and experience- based methods in the redesign of healthcare services. Background: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) preceded (and inspired) the development of evidence-based design (EBD) for healthcare facilities. A key feature of debate around EBM has been the question of interpretation of the guid-
ance by experienced clinicians, to achieve maximum efficacy for individual patients. This interpretation and translation of guidelines—avoiding a formulaic approach, allowing for diver- gent cultural and geographical exigencies, creating innovative, context-specific solutions—is the subject of this discussion, which examines the potential for integration of evidence-based and experience-based approaches in the development of creative solutions to healthcare services in England. This paper examines Practice-Based Commissioning (PBC) in England, which devolves responsibility for commissioning new services for patients to frontline clinicians, relying on their understand- ing of patient needs at the local level.
Methods: An 18-month project, funded by the Health and
Care Infrastructure Research and Innovation Centre (HaCIRIC), examined PBC frameworks in England, investigating the impact of different models of governance on the development of service redesign proposals to answer the following questions: How do clinicians interpret the multiplicity of guidance from government agencies and translate this into knowledge that can be effectively used to redesign patient care pathways aligned with local healthcare priorities? How can understand- ing patient and staff “experiences” and key “touch points” of interaction with local healthcare services be used to provide
a creative, customized solution to the design of healthcare services in a local, community-based framework?
Key Words: Evidence-based design, experience-based design, public services, primary care, patient engagement, service design, codesign
The ‘smart’ in ‘Smart Transport’ usually refers to technologies, not people. From cars designed t... more The ‘smart’ in ‘Smart Transport’ usually refers to technologies, not people. From cars designed to be ‘stackable’, through signs that monitor parking spaces, to ‘automatic cruise control’ systems that ‘intelligently’ control distances through vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication: technologies are key to smart transport. And it is true, people – armoured with status symbol cars and stuck in traffic – often do not behave intelligently, raging at other drivers and pedestrians, taking risks that endanger themselves and others. However, underestimating human intelligence could be a damaging oversight and missed opportunity for transport designers.
This paper develops a (constructive) critique of the potential of ambient intelligence technologi... more This paper develops a (constructive) critique of the potential of ambient intelligence technologies in emergency response. We explore some difficulties in, and successful practices of, inter-agency collaboration in emergency response, revealed in ethnographic field studies and collaborative design workshops with first responders undertaken in the frame of the Bridge project. We describe four challenges with refer- ence to literature and our own fieldwork in Emergency Management Information Systems (EMIS) design: data transparency, interpretation/intuition, flexible working and information overload. We posit that ambient intelligence has a great deal to offer in the creation of emergency management information systems but that these offer- ings should be guided by ‘modesty’ and an ongoing entanglement with emergency practitioners.
Analysis of socio-technical challenges and opportunities around contemporary mobilities suggests ... more Analysis of socio-technical challenges and opportunities around contemporary mobilities suggests new interpretations and visions for intelligent transport systems. Multiple forms of intelligence are required (but not easily compatible), transport is too narrow a term, and innovation results in new socio-technical systems. An exploration of cumulative, collective and collaborative aspects of mobility systems, allows us to sketch challenges and opportunities in relation to practices of collaboration, communication and coordination, literacies for creativity, comfort and control, citizenship and (lack of) a sense of crisis, concluding with a discussion of methodological implications.
On the face of it, the ideas, experiences, and effects of disasters and tourism could not be furt... more On the face of it, the ideas, experiences, and effects of disasters and tourism could not be further apart. However, disasters and tourism do not occupy different worlds. Disasters can, in a heartbeat, completely disrupt the tourist experience, devalue tourist locations or, as phenomena such as ‘dark tourism’ suggest, have the opposite effect, as even places of disaster can become sites of touristic pleasure (Pezzullo, 2010). But the connections between the two run deeper than their mutual (in)formation. As liminal journeys into the unknown, disasters and tourism both evoke heightened concern with bodily risk and insecurity and, thus, make way for extraordinary (dis)embodied securitization practices. While this is not new, technological innovations are facilitating new forms of securitization, many of which are not easily contained within conventionally conceived corporeal and spatio-temporal phenomenologies (Adey, 2009; Haldrup & Larsen, 2006; Molz, 2012). Furthermore, the informationalization of security in both contexts raises many problematic aspects often seen as involving a trade-off with values of privacy, freedom and justice. Through an examination of disaster and tourism insecurities, we explore how new technologically facilitated (dis)embodied securitization practices are achieved and experienced in moments of liminality, and highlight both their reflexive and subversive potential. Creatively understood ‘vigilant visualities’ can involve a sense of touch (Amoore, 2007) and enable an embodiment of posthuman phenomenologies that can reclaim freedom, and enact relational ethics and a politics of justice (Boltanski, 1999; Sontag, 2002; Whatmore, 1997). Following this, by tracing examples ranging from the technologically facilitated (re)production of ‘safe bodies’ and ‘safe bubbles’ for tourist experience to the involvement of tourists in disaster response (Rossnagel & Junker, 2010; Schroeder, Pennington-Gray, Donohoe, & Kiousis, 2013; Sigala, 2011), we highlight the emergence of new ethical challenges and opportunities.
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Papers by Monika Buscher
ance by experienced clinicians, to achieve maximum efficacy for individual patients. This interpretation and translation of guidelines—avoiding a formulaic approach, allowing for diver- gent cultural and geographical exigencies, creating innovative, context-specific solutions—is the subject of this discussion, which examines the potential for integration of evidence-based and experience-based approaches in the development of creative solutions to healthcare services in England. This paper examines Practice-Based Commissioning (PBC) in England, which devolves responsibility for commissioning new services for patients to frontline clinicians, relying on their understand- ing of patient needs at the local level.
Methods: An 18-month project, funded by the Health and
Care Infrastructure Research and Innovation Centre (HaCIRIC), examined PBC frameworks in England, investigating the impact of different models of governance on the development of service redesign proposals to answer the following questions: How do clinicians interpret the multiplicity of guidance from government agencies and translate this into knowledge that can be effectively used to redesign patient care pathways aligned with local healthcare priorities? How can understand- ing patient and staff “experiences” and key “touch points” of interaction with local healthcare services be used to provide
a creative, customized solution to the design of healthcare services in a local, community-based framework?
Key Words: Evidence-based design, experience-based design, public services, primary care, patient engagement, service design, codesign
ance by experienced clinicians, to achieve maximum efficacy for individual patients. This interpretation and translation of guidelines—avoiding a formulaic approach, allowing for diver- gent cultural and geographical exigencies, creating innovative, context-specific solutions—is the subject of this discussion, which examines the potential for integration of evidence-based and experience-based approaches in the development of creative solutions to healthcare services in England. This paper examines Practice-Based Commissioning (PBC) in England, which devolves responsibility for commissioning new services for patients to frontline clinicians, relying on their understand- ing of patient needs at the local level.
Methods: An 18-month project, funded by the Health and
Care Infrastructure Research and Innovation Centre (HaCIRIC), examined PBC frameworks in England, investigating the impact of different models of governance on the development of service redesign proposals to answer the following questions: How do clinicians interpret the multiplicity of guidance from government agencies and translate this into knowledge that can be effectively used to redesign patient care pathways aligned with local healthcare priorities? How can understand- ing patient and staff “experiences” and key “touch points” of interaction with local healthcare services be used to provide
a creative, customized solution to the design of healthcare services in a local, community-based framework?
Key Words: Evidence-based design, experience-based design, public services, primary care, patient engagement, service design, codesign