Dr. Adewunmi J. Falode is Professor of International Relations and Strategic Studies in the department of History and International Studies, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
... Review Paper The Nigerian civil war, 1967-1970: A revolution? Falode Adewunmi James Departmen... more ... Review Paper The Nigerian civil war, 1967-1970: A revolution? Falode Adewunmi James Department of History and International Studies, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria. E-mail: babafalo@gmail.com. ... Am. Sociol. Rev., 22: 5-17. Feierabend IK (1972). ...
This work analyzes the protracted conflict between the Nigerian authority and Boko Haram from the... more This work analyzes the protracted conflict between the Nigerian authority and Boko Haram from the perspectives of Karl Marx’s theory of economic determinism. It explores the financial interests of corrupt officials as a plausible explanation for unsuccessful counter-terrorism. It also argues that the major factor responsible for the intractable nature of the conflict is the material benefit that the political elites derive from its prolongation. The authors use the theory of economic determinism to vividly show how the ruling oligarchs in Nigeria have thwarted every attempt to end the conflict. Using the qualitative research methodology, the work tends to illustrate how the desire for massive and unbridled wealth accumulation drove the political and military elites in Nigeria to hinder every effort made to resolve the conflict between Nigeria and Boko Haram. In other words, the work reveals the crucial links between wealth accumulation and the prolongation of the Boko Haram conflict...
International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 2022
This work is an analysis of the role of intelligence in Nigeria’s counterinsurgency (COIN) and co... more This work is an analysis of the role of intelligence in Nigeria’s counterinsurgency (COIN) and counterterrorism (CT) operations between 2010 and 2021. The article argues that Nigeria will have to deploy, in a holistic, synchronized, and proactive manner, targeted intelligence-gathering techniques if it hopes to effectively counter the threats of terrorism and insurgency. It shows that the effective and proactive use of intelligence contributed significantly to Boko Haram’s persistence and resilience in its engagements with the Nigerian military in the contested zones of the northeast. In order for Nigeria to be able to effectively contain and defeat the threats of insurgency and terrorism, the study recommends the application of the cybernetics theory of intelligence and the triplicity approach (TA). The triplicity approach is the synchronous and holistic use of human intelligence, open-source intelligence, and financial intelligence in Nigeria’s COIN and CT operations. Cybernetics theory and TA emphasize the effective collection and utilization of information to achieve the overall objective of enhancing Nigeria’s security. The study concludes that the use of TA will make it possible for Nigeria to proactively respond to insurgency and terrorism and go on the offensive to neutralize these threats.
Este trabajo analiza los esfuerzos de Nigeria para contrarrestar la financiación del terrorismo y... more Este trabajo analiza los esfuerzos de Nigeria para contrarrestar la financiación del terrorismo y la criminalidad. Muestra que las organizaciones criminales y terroristas en el país costean sus operaciones a través de una infraestructura financiera ilegal incrustada en el sector financiero del país. Para contrarrestar y negar el acceso a estos actores no estatales malignos a fondos que podrían usarse para desestabilizar el estado y comprometer la integridad de las instituciones financieras, Nigeria ha implementado varias estrategias. Al utilizar una metodología de investigación cualitativa y un enfoque histórico, descriptivo y narrativo, se descubrió que Nigeria ha utilizado instituciones gubernamentales, como la Comisión de Delitos Económicos y Financieros (EFCC) y la Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera de Nigeria (NFIU), e instrumentos financiero-legales, como la Ley (de Prevención) (Enmienda) del Terrorismo (TPAA) y la Ley contra el Lavado de Dinero/Lucha contra el Financiamiento d...
Unilateral intervention in the internal conflicts of other states all over the world has been par... more Unilateral intervention in the internal conflicts of other states all over the world has been part of superpower relations since the dawn of the modern nation-state in 1648. States that carry out such incursions usually premise their involvements on the need to maintain international peace and security on the one hand, and for humanitarian consideration at the other extreme. Since the end of the Second World War in 1945, America has intervened in various internal conflicts of other states all over the world. The usual justification has always been the need to either preserve peace within the international political system or to provide ‘humanitarian assistance.’ Rather than use multilateral mechanisms in such engagements, the United States has always preferred unilateral intervention. It is within this context that America’s role in Syria is analyzed. The emphasis of this work shows the impact of American unilateralism in Syria, the Middle East and the world at large
The Boko Haram insurgency in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria has brought to the fore the need f... more The Boko Haram insurgency in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria has brought to the fore the need for an effective counterinsurgency strategy by the authorities. The insurgency, which has raged since 2010, has the potential to destroy Africa’s most populous nation if not swiftly contained. Nigeria’s inability to tackle the Boko Haram menace has security ramifications that go beyond its border, into the West-African sub-region and the rest of the continent. A lot has been written about the origins of the Boko Haram. However, there is no important work that deconstructs the dynamics of the war between Nigeria and the Group. Again, and importantly, there is no seminal work that offers broad or specific counter-insurgency strageies on containing the delibitating conflict. Consequently, this paper hopes to achieve the following: 1. Show the nature of of the Nigeria-Boko Haram war. 2. Show the centre of gravity of the war. 3. Show the strategy, methods and tactics the Nigerian State can use...
Nigeria is confronted with a number of serious security-related challenges. These challenges incl... more Nigeria is confronted with a number of serious security-related challenges. These challenges include terrorism, insurgency, an ethno-religious crisis, kidnappings and farmers-herders conflicts. The most significant of these are the challenges of terrorism and insurgency. Nigeria has been battling insurgency in one form or the other since the 1980s, while terrorism became a major threat to the existence of the state in 2010. To tackle these problems, Nigeria came up with a national counter-terrorism strategic document, NACTEST, in 2014. However, this has failed to combat and contain the spread of terrorism and insurgency in the country. Using the qualitative research methodology and a multi- and trans-disciplinary approach, this work will show that what is needed to bring insurgency and terrorism to an end in the country is a Grand Strategy. This Grand Strategy will have as its bedrock what the author has called the Hybrid Doctrine. The Hybrid Doctrine is a counterinsurgency and coun...
Nigeria, a country of over 200 million people, has been battling with various national security t... more Nigeria, a country of over 200 million people, has been battling with various national security threats since independence in 1960. Some of these core threats include religious extremism, ethnic conflicts, poor public health facilities, porous and poorly-manned borders; and, added to these in the 21st century are terrorism, insurgency, banditry and cybercrimes. This study discovers that the country has deployed various multi-levered measures that are a mix of both traditional defence mechanisms and socio-economic and political measures designed to ensure the survival of the Nigerian state. However, the study discovers that artificial intelligence has zero presence in the country’s strategic policy document and doctrine. It argues that Nigeria should follow in the footsteps of countries like the United States, Russia, China, Israel and Estonia that have effectively integrated artificial intelligence into their overall national security architecture. This integration, it discovers, has helped in the creation of a more secured environments in such states. The study concludes by arguing strongly for the integration of artificial intelligence into the Nigerian national security architecture in the areas of cybersecurity, intelligence, defence and internal security.
O compromisso da Nigéria com a luta anti-apartheid havia sido deixado absolutamente claro antes m... more O compromisso da Nigéria com a luta anti-apartheid havia sido deixado absolutamente claro antes mesmo de alcançar sua independência, em 1º de outubro de 1960. Após os massacres de Sharpeville de 21 de março de 1960, quando a polícia sul-africana atirou e matou 72 negros e deixou 184 feridos, houve um consenso geral entre todos os partidos políticos nigerianos, assim como os governos regional e federal, de que ações decisivas deveriam ser tomadas contra o regime de Pretória para forçar esse regime a mudar sua abominável política de apartheid. Este evento marcou o início do confronto da Nigéria contra a África do Sul branca. A Nigéria exigiu e liderou a forte expulsão/retirada da África do Sul da Comunidade das Nações, mobilizando outros países africanos negros para isolar a África do Sul de tal forma que ela perceberia o absurdo de suas políticas racistas. É neste contexto que este trabalho avalia o papel da Nigéria na expulsão ou retirada forçada da África do Sul da Comunidade das N...
Karya ini menganalisis konflik antara Nigeria dan Boko Haram dari perspektif teori Determinisme E... more Karya ini menganalisis konflik antara Nigeria dan Boko Haram dari perspektif teori Determinisme Ekonomi Karl Marx. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berdasarkan data kepustakaan, penulis mencoba mencari ide yang dapat digunakan sebagai analisis resolusi konflik. Dia berpendapat bahwa faktor utama yang bertanggung jawab atas sifat konflik yang tidak dapat diselesaikan adalah manfaat material yang diperoleh elit politik dari perluasannya. Para penulis menggunakan teori Determinisme Ekonomi untuk menunjukkan secara rinci bagaimana oligarki yang berkuasa di Nigeria telah memperingatkan setiap upaya untuk menyelesaikan konflik. Karya tersebut menunjukkan contoh spesifik antara 2009 dan 2019 di mana oligarki yang berkuasa di Nigeria bertindak aktif untuk setiap upaya yang dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan konflik antara Nigeria dan Boko Haram karena keinginan mereka untuk tidak terbatas pada keuangan. Ini termasuk, namun tidak terbatas pada, skandal kontrak Shaldag 2010, skandal Dasuki...
This work is a comprehensive analysis of transnational crime and small arms and light weapons (SA... more This work is a comprehensive analysis of transnational crime and small arms and light weapons (SALWs) in Africa. It shows the different ways that transnational crime has contributed to socio-economic and political instability on the continent. The work discovers that there is a crucial linkage between transnational crime, SALWs and the occurrence of frequent conflicts on the continent. It uses qualitative research methodology, which involves the extensive collection, collation, and analysis of secondary data, to capture the essence and scope of the impacts of SALWs on the growth and spread of transnational crime on the continent. The author argues that transnational crimes in Africa are caused by factors such as relative deprivation and poverty, the pull and push effects of market forces of demand and supply, and globalization which have aided the unrestricted movements of illicit goods across borders. Additionally, the work identifies the various forms of transnational crimes on the continent such as drug trafficking, maritime piracy and stolen vehicle trafficking. Using relevant data, it shows how SALWs have encouraged and enabled the commission of these crimes. In its final submissions, the work argues that governments will have to use targeted measures that will include extensive inter-agency collaboration among states and the strengthening of existing local legislations to effectively tackle transnational crime on the continent.
Intelligence has come to play a pivotal role in the affairs of states and non-state actors in the... more Intelligence has come to play a pivotal role in the affairs of states and non-state actors in the 21st century. It not only determines the outcome of conflict when it breaks out but also provides critical edge and foresight in military planning and engagements. However, the effective utilization and deployment of intelligence in any strategic environment may be hampered by the lack of a holistic and generally accepted definition of it. The search for a robust definition has not also been helped by the differing views on what should constitute the basic elements of it. To overcome these challenges, this work argues for and provides a holistic definition of intelligence. It uses both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to provide a more robust and holistic definition of intelligence. The work concludes that any acceptable definition of intelligence must contain five key elements: process, data, actionable information, political group and security.
The activities of Boko Haram in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria have highlighted the need for m... more The activities of Boko Haram in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria have highlighted the need for more effective counter-strategies. Nigeria’s difficulties in defeating Boko Haram has security ramifications that go beyond its borders, especially for West Africa. Much has been written about the origins of Boko Haram. However, thus far there has been little analysis of the nature of the conflict between Nigeria and Boko Haram. It is this lacuna that this article seeks to address by applying the concepts of hybrid war, compound war, fourth generation warfare and unrestriced warfare to the confrontation between the state and its Islamist challenger.
... Review Paper The Nigerian civil war, 1967-1970: A revolution? Falode Adewunmi James Departmen... more ... Review Paper The Nigerian civil war, 1967-1970: A revolution? Falode Adewunmi James Department of History and International Studies, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria. E-mail: babafalo@gmail.com. ... Am. Sociol. Rev., 22: 5-17. Feierabend IK (1972). ...
This work analyzes the protracted conflict between the Nigerian authority and Boko Haram from the... more This work analyzes the protracted conflict between the Nigerian authority and Boko Haram from the perspectives of Karl Marx’s theory of economic determinism. It explores the financial interests of corrupt officials as a plausible explanation for unsuccessful counter-terrorism. It also argues that the major factor responsible for the intractable nature of the conflict is the material benefit that the political elites derive from its prolongation. The authors use the theory of economic determinism to vividly show how the ruling oligarchs in Nigeria have thwarted every attempt to end the conflict. Using the qualitative research methodology, the work tends to illustrate how the desire for massive and unbridled wealth accumulation drove the political and military elites in Nigeria to hinder every effort made to resolve the conflict between Nigeria and Boko Haram. In other words, the work reveals the crucial links between wealth accumulation and the prolongation of the Boko Haram conflict...
International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 2022
This work is an analysis of the role of intelligence in Nigeria’s counterinsurgency (COIN) and co... more This work is an analysis of the role of intelligence in Nigeria’s counterinsurgency (COIN) and counterterrorism (CT) operations between 2010 and 2021. The article argues that Nigeria will have to deploy, in a holistic, synchronized, and proactive manner, targeted intelligence-gathering techniques if it hopes to effectively counter the threats of terrorism and insurgency. It shows that the effective and proactive use of intelligence contributed significantly to Boko Haram’s persistence and resilience in its engagements with the Nigerian military in the contested zones of the northeast. In order for Nigeria to be able to effectively contain and defeat the threats of insurgency and terrorism, the study recommends the application of the cybernetics theory of intelligence and the triplicity approach (TA). The triplicity approach is the synchronous and holistic use of human intelligence, open-source intelligence, and financial intelligence in Nigeria’s COIN and CT operations. Cybernetics theory and TA emphasize the effective collection and utilization of information to achieve the overall objective of enhancing Nigeria’s security. The study concludes that the use of TA will make it possible for Nigeria to proactively respond to insurgency and terrorism and go on the offensive to neutralize these threats.
Este trabajo analiza los esfuerzos de Nigeria para contrarrestar la financiación del terrorismo y... more Este trabajo analiza los esfuerzos de Nigeria para contrarrestar la financiación del terrorismo y la criminalidad. Muestra que las organizaciones criminales y terroristas en el país costean sus operaciones a través de una infraestructura financiera ilegal incrustada en el sector financiero del país. Para contrarrestar y negar el acceso a estos actores no estatales malignos a fondos que podrían usarse para desestabilizar el estado y comprometer la integridad de las instituciones financieras, Nigeria ha implementado varias estrategias. Al utilizar una metodología de investigación cualitativa y un enfoque histórico, descriptivo y narrativo, se descubrió que Nigeria ha utilizado instituciones gubernamentales, como la Comisión de Delitos Económicos y Financieros (EFCC) y la Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera de Nigeria (NFIU), e instrumentos financiero-legales, como la Ley (de Prevención) (Enmienda) del Terrorismo (TPAA) y la Ley contra el Lavado de Dinero/Lucha contra el Financiamiento d...
Unilateral intervention in the internal conflicts of other states all over the world has been par... more Unilateral intervention in the internal conflicts of other states all over the world has been part of superpower relations since the dawn of the modern nation-state in 1648. States that carry out such incursions usually premise their involvements on the need to maintain international peace and security on the one hand, and for humanitarian consideration at the other extreme. Since the end of the Second World War in 1945, America has intervened in various internal conflicts of other states all over the world. The usual justification has always been the need to either preserve peace within the international political system or to provide ‘humanitarian assistance.’ Rather than use multilateral mechanisms in such engagements, the United States has always preferred unilateral intervention. It is within this context that America’s role in Syria is analyzed. The emphasis of this work shows the impact of American unilateralism in Syria, the Middle East and the world at large
The Boko Haram insurgency in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria has brought to the fore the need f... more The Boko Haram insurgency in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria has brought to the fore the need for an effective counterinsurgency strategy by the authorities. The insurgency, which has raged since 2010, has the potential to destroy Africa’s most populous nation if not swiftly contained. Nigeria’s inability to tackle the Boko Haram menace has security ramifications that go beyond its border, into the West-African sub-region and the rest of the continent. A lot has been written about the origins of the Boko Haram. However, there is no important work that deconstructs the dynamics of the war between Nigeria and the Group. Again, and importantly, there is no seminal work that offers broad or specific counter-insurgency strageies on containing the delibitating conflict. Consequently, this paper hopes to achieve the following: 1. Show the nature of of the Nigeria-Boko Haram war. 2. Show the centre of gravity of the war. 3. Show the strategy, methods and tactics the Nigerian State can use...
Nigeria is confronted with a number of serious security-related challenges. These challenges incl... more Nigeria is confronted with a number of serious security-related challenges. These challenges include terrorism, insurgency, an ethno-religious crisis, kidnappings and farmers-herders conflicts. The most significant of these are the challenges of terrorism and insurgency. Nigeria has been battling insurgency in one form or the other since the 1980s, while terrorism became a major threat to the existence of the state in 2010. To tackle these problems, Nigeria came up with a national counter-terrorism strategic document, NACTEST, in 2014. However, this has failed to combat and contain the spread of terrorism and insurgency in the country. Using the qualitative research methodology and a multi- and trans-disciplinary approach, this work will show that what is needed to bring insurgency and terrorism to an end in the country is a Grand Strategy. This Grand Strategy will have as its bedrock what the author has called the Hybrid Doctrine. The Hybrid Doctrine is a counterinsurgency and coun...
Nigeria, a country of over 200 million people, has been battling with various national security t... more Nigeria, a country of over 200 million people, has been battling with various national security threats since independence in 1960. Some of these core threats include religious extremism, ethnic conflicts, poor public health facilities, porous and poorly-manned borders; and, added to these in the 21st century are terrorism, insurgency, banditry and cybercrimes. This study discovers that the country has deployed various multi-levered measures that are a mix of both traditional defence mechanisms and socio-economic and political measures designed to ensure the survival of the Nigerian state. However, the study discovers that artificial intelligence has zero presence in the country’s strategic policy document and doctrine. It argues that Nigeria should follow in the footsteps of countries like the United States, Russia, China, Israel and Estonia that have effectively integrated artificial intelligence into their overall national security architecture. This integration, it discovers, has helped in the creation of a more secured environments in such states. The study concludes by arguing strongly for the integration of artificial intelligence into the Nigerian national security architecture in the areas of cybersecurity, intelligence, defence and internal security.
O compromisso da Nigéria com a luta anti-apartheid havia sido deixado absolutamente claro antes m... more O compromisso da Nigéria com a luta anti-apartheid havia sido deixado absolutamente claro antes mesmo de alcançar sua independência, em 1º de outubro de 1960. Após os massacres de Sharpeville de 21 de março de 1960, quando a polícia sul-africana atirou e matou 72 negros e deixou 184 feridos, houve um consenso geral entre todos os partidos políticos nigerianos, assim como os governos regional e federal, de que ações decisivas deveriam ser tomadas contra o regime de Pretória para forçar esse regime a mudar sua abominável política de apartheid. Este evento marcou o início do confronto da Nigéria contra a África do Sul branca. A Nigéria exigiu e liderou a forte expulsão/retirada da África do Sul da Comunidade das Nações, mobilizando outros países africanos negros para isolar a África do Sul de tal forma que ela perceberia o absurdo de suas políticas racistas. É neste contexto que este trabalho avalia o papel da Nigéria na expulsão ou retirada forçada da África do Sul da Comunidade das N...
Karya ini menganalisis konflik antara Nigeria dan Boko Haram dari perspektif teori Determinisme E... more Karya ini menganalisis konflik antara Nigeria dan Boko Haram dari perspektif teori Determinisme Ekonomi Karl Marx. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berdasarkan data kepustakaan, penulis mencoba mencari ide yang dapat digunakan sebagai analisis resolusi konflik. Dia berpendapat bahwa faktor utama yang bertanggung jawab atas sifat konflik yang tidak dapat diselesaikan adalah manfaat material yang diperoleh elit politik dari perluasannya. Para penulis menggunakan teori Determinisme Ekonomi untuk menunjukkan secara rinci bagaimana oligarki yang berkuasa di Nigeria telah memperingatkan setiap upaya untuk menyelesaikan konflik. Karya tersebut menunjukkan contoh spesifik antara 2009 dan 2019 di mana oligarki yang berkuasa di Nigeria bertindak aktif untuk setiap upaya yang dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan konflik antara Nigeria dan Boko Haram karena keinginan mereka untuk tidak terbatas pada keuangan. Ini termasuk, namun tidak terbatas pada, skandal kontrak Shaldag 2010, skandal Dasuki...
This work is a comprehensive analysis of transnational crime and small arms and light weapons (SA... more This work is a comprehensive analysis of transnational crime and small arms and light weapons (SALWs) in Africa. It shows the different ways that transnational crime has contributed to socio-economic and political instability on the continent. The work discovers that there is a crucial linkage between transnational crime, SALWs and the occurrence of frequent conflicts on the continent. It uses qualitative research methodology, which involves the extensive collection, collation, and analysis of secondary data, to capture the essence and scope of the impacts of SALWs on the growth and spread of transnational crime on the continent. The author argues that transnational crimes in Africa are caused by factors such as relative deprivation and poverty, the pull and push effects of market forces of demand and supply, and globalization which have aided the unrestricted movements of illicit goods across borders. Additionally, the work identifies the various forms of transnational crimes on the continent such as drug trafficking, maritime piracy and stolen vehicle trafficking. Using relevant data, it shows how SALWs have encouraged and enabled the commission of these crimes. In its final submissions, the work argues that governments will have to use targeted measures that will include extensive inter-agency collaboration among states and the strengthening of existing local legislations to effectively tackle transnational crime on the continent.
Intelligence has come to play a pivotal role in the affairs of states and non-state actors in the... more Intelligence has come to play a pivotal role in the affairs of states and non-state actors in the 21st century. It not only determines the outcome of conflict when it breaks out but also provides critical edge and foresight in military planning and engagements. However, the effective utilization and deployment of intelligence in any strategic environment may be hampered by the lack of a holistic and generally accepted definition of it. The search for a robust definition has not also been helped by the differing views on what should constitute the basic elements of it. To overcome these challenges, this work argues for and provides a holistic definition of intelligence. It uses both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to provide a more robust and holistic definition of intelligence. The work concludes that any acceptable definition of intelligence must contain five key elements: process, data, actionable information, political group and security.
The activities of Boko Haram in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria have highlighted the need for m... more The activities of Boko Haram in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria have highlighted the need for more effective counter-strategies. Nigeria’s difficulties in defeating Boko Haram has security ramifications that go beyond its borders, especially for West Africa. Much has been written about the origins of Boko Haram. However, thus far there has been little analysis of the nature of the conflict between Nigeria and Boko Haram. It is this lacuna that this article seeks to address by applying the concepts of hybrid war, compound war, fourth generation warfare and unrestriced warfare to the confrontation between the state and its Islamist challenger.
Handbook of African Defence and Armed Forces, 2024
This work analyses transnational crime and the responses of the different African armed forces’ t... more This work analyses transnational crime and the responses of the different African armed forces’ to such crime. It shows that transnational crime such as human trafficking, drug trafficking, maritime piracy and vehicle trafficking have been major impediment to socio-political and economic development on the continent since the 1960s. This study shows that transnational crime affects all regions on the continent, though in varying degrees. The impact of such crime has been felt in all spheres of human endeavour on the continent. By using qualitative methodology that rely extensively on both primary and secondary sources, the work discovers that most states in the region rely heavily on their armed forces to tackle and curb the activities of transnational criminals. The work further uses the historical, narrative and analytical style to show points of convergence of such illicit trade across the different regions in Africa. Through this, the work is able to show that the lack of inter-agency cooperation at the defence level and endemic poverty, among others, have been responsible for the minimal footprint the region had recorded in its fight against illicit trade. In its conclusion, the work argues that to effectively tackle transnational crime, states in the regions must invest heavily in Defence Institutional Building (DIB). This will both strengthen civil-military relations and make it possible for the non-military sector to effectively complement armed forces’ effort geared toward combating illicit trade on the continent.
The Palgrave Handbook of Small Arms and Conflicts in Africa, 2021
This work is a comprehensive analysis of transnational crime and small arms and light weapons (SA... more This work is a comprehensive analysis of transnational crime and small arms and light weapons (SALWs) in Africa. It shows the different ways that transnational crime has contributed to socio-economic and political instability on the continent. The work discovers that there is a crucial linkage between transnational crime, SALWs and the occurrence of frequent conflicts on the continent. It uses qualitative research methodology, which involves the extensive collection, collation, and analysis of secondary data, to capture the essence and scope of the impacts of SALWs on the growth and spread of transnational crime on the continent. The author argues that transnational crimes in Africa are caused by factors such as relative deprivation and poverty, the pull and push effects of market forces of demand and supply, and globalization which have aided the unrestricted movements of illicit goods across borders. Additionally, the work identifies the various forms of transnational crimes on the continent such as drug trafficking, maritime piracy and stolen vehicle trafficking. Using relevant data, it shows how SALWs have encouraged and enabled the commission of these crimes. In its final submissions, the work argues that governments will have to use targeted measures that will include extensive inter-agency collaboration among states and the strengthening of existing local legislations to effectively tackle transnational crime on the continent.
Routledge Companion to Global Cyber-Security Strategy, 2021
Nigeria has used its National Cybersecurity Policy to advance both its security and economic pros... more Nigeria has used its National Cybersecurity Policy to advance both its security and economic prosperity. The country faces multiple security threats in cyberspace: cybercrime in its variations, cyberterrorism, cyber-espionage, cyber conflict, hactivism and child online abuse and exploitation. Cyberterrorism and cybercrime, especially in the banking and financial sectors, constitute the most challenging of all these threats. Failure to tackle these multifaceted threats threatens to derail Nigeria’s achievement of prosperity and security, especially its Critical Information Infrastructure Protection and Resilience (CIIPR). Thus, to ensure the country’s security and economic prosperity in cyberspace, Nigeria created the National Cybersecurity Policy in 2014 and the Nigeria Cybercrime Act of 2015.
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Papers by Adewunmi J Falode
political instability on the continent. The work discovers that there is a crucial linkage between transnational crime, SALWs and the occurrence of frequent conflicts on the continent. It uses qualitative research methodology, which involves the extensive collection, collation, and analysis of secondary data, to capture the essence and scope of the impacts of SALWs on the growth and spread of transnational crime
on the continent. The author argues that transnational crimes in Africa are caused by factors such as relative deprivation and poverty, the pull and push effects of market forces of demand and supply, and
globalization which have aided the unrestricted movements of illicit goods across borders. Additionally, the work identifies the various forms of transnational crimes on the continent such as drug trafficking,
maritime piracy and stolen vehicle trafficking. Using relevant data, it shows how SALWs have encouraged and enabled the commission of these crimes. In its final submissions, the work argues that governments
will have to use targeted measures that will include extensive inter-agency collaboration among states and the strengthening of existing local legislations to effectively tackle transnational crime on the continent.