I have a PhD in health science with the research question 'What is the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships?'. I work as a sexuality educator from a diversity-friendly and sex-positive approach, addressing sexuality across the lifespan. I like to sing, walk, and look at the sky when I am not reading something. Work as a sex educator and sexuality and relationship counsellor www.lindakirkman.org Supervisors: Dr Christopher Fox and Dr Virginia Dickson-Swift
Healthy aging includes a healthy sexuality. In this article we argue for sexual health policy to ... more Healthy aging includes a healthy sexuality. In this article we argue for sexual health policy to support aging sexuality. Government sexual health policies focus on reproduction, not sexuality, and exclude older adults. There is a stereotype that older people are not sexual. This is not supported by scholarly and anecdotal evidence or a growing popular media on older adult sexuality. This article explores Australian policy and includes reference to the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA). We examine research on older adult sexual behaviours and beliefs. Despite the growing body of evidence of older adult sexuality—including surveillance reporting of increasing sexually transmissible infections (STIs)—there is limited political support to manage the health implications of a sexually active older population. Given societal expectations of positive aging, we advocate that the sexuality and relationships of older adults be included in mainstream government sexual health policy. This would have practical and psychosocial benefits. A policy would enable preventative health measures. Clinical conversations would be easier and more likely to occur, leading to suitable interventions and health promotion. This in turn will reduce social and financial costs of burden-of-disease. Improved sexual health and better understanding of relationship diversity will increase the wellbeing of older people.
Sexual health matters. Sexual wellbeing has an impact on personal happiness, physical and emotion... more Sexual health matters. Sexual wellbeing has an impact on personal happiness, physical and emotional health, fertility, unplanned pregnancy, termination of pregnancy, and control over relationships. Sexual health promotion has grown in the last two decades with the intention of improving sexual health outcomes. We know that reliable sex education material is widely available, however, we also know that young people do not always put this knowledge into practice. The aim of this study was to explore young people’s perceptions about how sexual health promotion has influenced their current sexual behaviour. Using a qualitative method from a perspective of hermeneutic phenomenology, informed by feminist principles, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight young adults (aged 19 – 22; six female and two male) in Central Victoria, to explore their recollections of sexual health promotion, including, but not limited to, school sex education, media campaigns and references from popular culture. From these recollections participants were asked how they applied their knowledge of sexual safety to their sexual behaviour. The lived experience of the participants around sexuality education, as described in interviews, and how it applied to their practices of sexual safety was explored. Findings and discussion explored both individual experiences and thematic aspects, including the themes of parents as sexuality educators, school sexuality education and the influence of friends’ experiences. Recommendations to improve sexual health outcomes include comprehensive, ongoing education on life skills, including relationship, communication, decision making and problem solving skills, which incorporate age and stage appropriate sexuality education. It is also recommended that a broader, population approach to sexual health promotion be taken. These things should assist with the individual’s development of agency and the capacity to live happy, fulfilled, safe sexual lives.
An individual's approach to intimate relationships is influenced by a combination of social mores... more An individual's approach to intimate relationships is influenced by a combination of social mores, agency and personal experiences. As these elements change, so can the approach to relationships. This presentation presents findings from a qualitative study of 22 rural Australian baby boomers, aged from 46-64 years at the time of the interview. Fifteen women and seven men from inner and outer regional Victoria participated in the research. All had been in a friends-with-benefits relationship (FWBR) within the previous five years; defined as being primarily friends, with sexual intimacy as part of the relationship, yet where people did not consider themselves to be a couple. Interviews began with the open-ended request to: " Tell me about your friends-with-benefits relationship ". Without prompting, most participants put their current FWBR into a life context of relationships. Some had enjoyed the free love of the sexual revolution so diverse relationships in midlife were a continuation of that time, while others had followed a conservative path when younger and did not explore diverse relationships until midlife. After expectations of heterosexual relationships in early years some participants were interested to explore same-sex intimacy in midlife. This presentation will discuss the present-day diverse sexuality of midlife people from the perspective of a lifespan approach to relationships, and consider the implications of this for attitudes and values when planning for health care for this cohort.
Sex and relationship research tends to focus on heterosexual and monogamous relationships. Popula... more Sex and relationship research tends to focus on heterosexual and monogamous relationships. Population studies cannot clarify understanding or capture the nuance of relationships in the way qualitative research does. Using queer theory to plan and conduct qualitative sex and relationship research allows for inclusion, acknowledgement and documentation of diversity: gender, sex, sexuality, relationship type, social and sexual behaviour. The inclusion of diverse populations and behaviours in research means there will be a greater understanding of the range of social and sexual experiences, which can be used in writing health policy and planning services.
In this paper I outline PhD research into the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-be... more In this paper I outline PhD research into the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships (FWBR), then explore how the findings have been used to promote awareness and acceptance of relationship diversity. I explored the experience of rural baby boomers in FWBR and examined the effect of the relationships on participants’ wellbeing, approaches to safe sex, and use of health services for sexual health. A FWBR was defined as when people, who are friends, have an ongoing sexual relationship, yet do not consider themselves to be a couple. In this qualitative, interpretive-descriptive study 22 participants—15 women and 7 men—who self-identified as having had a FWBR within the previous five years, took part in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Findings were analysed thematically, and non-monogamy emerged as one theme. Eight of the participants had concurrent sexual relationships and six of those could be described as consensual non-monogamy, with three participants using the term polyamorous. The remaining participants described monogamous relationships, or serial monogamy. Highly enjoyable sexual experiences were reported by most, and the FWBR generally had a positive effect on wellbeing. Approaches to safe sex and use of health services for sexual health were mixed. The research topic attracted media attention, including radio interviews, speaking to informal professional groups such as Psychology in the Pub, bringing ‘academic credibility’ to a panel discussion on polyamory, and writing for popular media. I used these opportunities to promote awareness of non-normative relationships and will discuss the responses that this activism received.
People in midlife are having sexual relationships outside hetero-monogamy and marriage which cont... more People in midlife are having sexual relationships outside hetero-monogamy and marriage which contribute positively to their wellbeing. For rural people who are in a non-traditional relationship, confidentiality, access to sexual health services, and stigma are concerns. In this qualitative research project we investigate the experience and wellbeing of 22 rural baby boomers who had a friends-with-benefits relationship within the previous five years. A fear of judgement about their sex lives for some led to a need for secrecy and concern about being seen with partners. Use of health services for sexual health was mixed: many would not ask for testing and some who did were challenged or refused. Four participants' experiences are the focus of this article. Recommendations are made for policy, health practitioner education, clinical guidelines, sexual health promotion, and informal community activities to promote good sexual health and relationship wellbeing for people in midlife.
"Kirkman, L. (2013, 20 August). Access to and use of health services for sexual health by rural b... more "Kirkman, L. (2013, 20 August). Access to and use of health services for sexual health by rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships. Proceedings of the SEXrurality: Sexual health and relationships in our rural communities conference, The University of Melbourne Rural Health Academic Centre, Shepparton, Victoria.
Abstract:The aim of this study was to explore the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships. This paper will report on participants’ accounts of their beliefs about sexual health and use of services for STI testing.
This qualitative, interpretive-descriptive study draws on in-depth interviews with 22 people, 15 women and 7 men, born between 1946 -1964 who lived in rural Victoria.
Access to a reliable sexual health service is a hit-and-miss affair in rural areas. Participants’ accounts varied widely from those who were happy with local services, to those who chose to travel to a capital city to access a specialist sexual or women’s health service. Some participants did not consider that they had any sexual health needs. Most participants who lived in or near larger regional centres were happy with their options while those from smaller towns sometimes found it easier to travel to a capital city. Broaching the issue of sexual health is discussed as a concern from both the perspective of the client and the health practitioner. Some participants were proactive in seeking STI testing or sexual health and relationship advice, and used creative ways to get around practitioner resistance.
The conclusion makes recommendations for more effective clinical practice to ensure the sexual health of midlife and older people is considered and addressed in a positive way. Ways to approach sexual health promotion targeted at midlife people who are seeing new partners is explored.
Biography
Linda Kirkman is a sexuality educator and researcher with experience in working with primary and secondary students, undergraduates, postgraduates, and midlife adults. Her current PhD research explores the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships. She is passionate about good sexuality education for all ages.
"
The development of research and information literacy skills in first year students is essential, ... more The development of research and information literacy skills in first year students is essential, but challenging. Approaches to developing these skills that are embedded within subject design, and use a blended approach between online and face-to-face delivery are considered best practice in this area. However research has yet to identify the most appropriate form of assessment of these skills.
We used constructive alignment to embed research skills in a first year subject. Students were assessed on their research skills using a diagnostic online quiz in week one, and then in week six, their application of their skills in their assignment was assessed using a rubric. We created a matched sample of the results on these two forms of assessment that included 227 students. Our main aim was to determine whether there was a relationship between quiz and rubric scores, and to assess the practical relevance of the quiz in terms of identifying students who might be in need of additional support. We found a small, but significant, positive correlation between quiz and rubric results and conclude that both the quiz and the rubric are useful forms of assessment, and that there are benefits to using both within an embedded curriculum.
Citation: Kirkman, L. (2013, 7 April). Carrying for a sister. Paper presented at the Surrogacy Au... more Citation: Kirkman, L. (2013, 7 April). Carrying for a sister. Paper presented at the Surrogacy Australia National Conference 2013, Melbourne.
This presentation covers the background to my decision to gestate my sister’s baby; the synchronicity, creativity, and persistence with the system that was needed to make it happen. I discuss my intentions regarding the pregnancy and their effects on bonding, or not bonding, with the foetus, as well as my relationship with my sister Maggie, and how she ensured I was emotionally protected through the process. The conception, pregnancy and birth are discussed, as well as the media circus after her birth and its effect, which is not what you might expect. I explore surrogacy and feminism in the context of the initial reaction to Alice’s birth and from my perspective as a feminist woman. The presentation concludes with a reflection on the last 25 years and what the impact has been on me as a result of having gestated my sister’s child.
A scoping review was undertaken to examine current Australian federal, state and territory govern... more A scoping review was undertaken to examine current Australian federal, state and territory government health policy documents to ascertain their relevance to midlife and older adult sexual health. It was found that the sexual health of midlife and older adults was not specifically referred to in most documents reviewed. Existing policy has a focus on risk, not wellbeing, in relation to sexual health, and an emphasis on reproduction, which excludes midlife and older people. This paper provides evidence of absence of sexual health policy relating to the needs of midlife and older adults in Australia. Without a policy that specifically addresses the sexual health of midlife and older adults they will continue be overlooked in health promotion planning and sexually transmissible infection testing strategies. We recommend the development of Australian sexual health policy that supports and promotes good sexual relationships and sexual health specific to the needs of midlife and older adults.
Key words: policy; sexual health; public health; sexuality and relationships; midlife; baby boomer; older adult; ageing; aging; scoping review
There is no state or federal sexual health policy that relates to older adults. Existing sexual h... more There is no state or federal sexual health policy that relates to older adults. Existing sexual health policy is focused on people under 25, or specific at-risk population groups.
Older adults, specifically baby boomers, are still sexually active, and many are exploring new relationships. The changing nature of relationships and social mores, coupled with the tendency of this cohort to be trailblazers in the sexual revolution, means that adventurous sexual activity is happening, which could lead to sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Local and international STI data indicates that STIs are a concern for the over 50s. For these reasons looking after the sexual health of this cohort is a matter for research and policy development. STI screening is not recommended or routine for older adults, therefore data are unavailable, limited or inconsistent.
Research and anecdotal evidence indicates that baby boomers are hooking up, finding new partners, sometimes frequent new partners, often without barrier protection. Sex education for this cohort was nonexistent or limited when they were younger, and contemporary sexual health promotion is not targeted at them.
This presentation will discuss existing sexual health policy and what is missing. It will use Australian and international examples of sexual health behaviour and STI data to highlight why policy is needed to encourage sexual health promotion and screening to older adults and their health providers.
WHY WE SHOULD CARE ABOUT BABY BOOMER SEXUALITY
Kirkman L
Baby boomers led the sexual revolution i... more WHY WE SHOULD CARE ABOUT BABY BOOMER SEXUALITY Kirkman L Baby boomers led the sexual revolution in the 1960s and 70s and are not showing signs of giving up as sexual beings, despite popular media’s depiction of sexuality and sexual activity as the provenance of the young. It is becoming socially acceptable to end a long term partnership that is not working. This leads older adults to seek new relationships, or maintain independence while enjoying sexual intimacy within casual or informal sexual relationships. Being over 50 is classified as ageing. The sexual health of older adults is neglected from the perspective of policy, health promotion, screening and research. Government policy does not specifically refer to older adults, and there is evidence that general practitioners are reluctant to ask young people about sexual health, so asking a peer or someone their parents’ age would also be difficult. Baby boomers are using online dating websites to find both short and long term partners, and evidence suggests many are engaging in sexual activity the first time they meet face to face. We know many young people consider safe sex to be pregnancy prevention, not STI prevention, and older adults have a similar attitude. An increase in STI rates for the over 50s in the United Kingdom (UK) led to the UK Family Planning Association to run a sexual health promotion campaign specifically targeted at this cohort. This paper will present a case for considering baby boomer sexual health to be an important topic in public health, sexual health policy, and general practitioner protocols.
There is a growing body of Australian and international evidence that older adults are seeking an... more There is a growing body of Australian and international evidence that older adults are seeking and engaging in new sexual and romantic relationships. The language we have to use will influence the construction of identities, and relationships. ‘Friends-with-benefits’ is a new and emerging form of sexual relationship. Anecdotally ‘friends-with-benefits’ is defined as a form of committed, yet non-committed sexual relationship between consenting adults.
In my qualitative study in rural Victoria using in-depth interviews I focus on ‘friends-with-benefits’ relationships in the baby boomer cohort. I examine the definitions, benefits and challenges of these relationships, including the perspectives of sexual and emotional safety. Despite low screening rates, STIs are seen to be increasing in this cohort, who lack the knowledge of the importance of safer sex and skills to negotiate and practice safe sex. Recent research has explored this phenomenon in tertiary students living in campus residences. There is a dearth of research focusing on baby boomers in ‘friends-with-benefits’ relationships. A lack of understanding of the implications leads to people in ‘friends-with-benefits’ relationships being vulnerable to both sexual health and emotional risks.
A brief exploration of a learning journey about polyamory, and reflection on the importance of ac... more A brief exploration of a learning journey about polyamory, and reflection on the importance of acceptance and respect for diversity in relationships and family types.
Healthy aging includes a healthy sexuality. In this article we argue for sexual health policy to ... more Healthy aging includes a healthy sexuality. In this article we argue for sexual health policy to support aging sexuality. Government sexual health policies focus on reproduction, not sexuality, and exclude older adults. There is a stereotype that older people are not sexual. This is not supported by scholarly and anecdotal evidence or a growing popular media on older adult sexuality. This article explores Australian policy and includes reference to the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA). We examine research on older adult sexual behaviours and beliefs. Despite the growing body of evidence of older adult sexuality—including surveillance reporting of increasing sexually transmissible infections (STIs)—there is limited political support to manage the health implications of a sexually active older population. Given societal expectations of positive aging, we advocate that the sexuality and relationships of older adults be included in mainstream government sexual health policy. This would have practical and psychosocial benefits. A policy would enable preventative health measures. Clinical conversations would be easier and more likely to occur, leading to suitable interventions and health promotion. This in turn will reduce social and financial costs of burden-of-disease. Improved sexual health and better understanding of relationship diversity will increase the wellbeing of older people.
Sexual health matters. Sexual wellbeing has an impact on personal happiness, physical and emotion... more Sexual health matters. Sexual wellbeing has an impact on personal happiness, physical and emotional health, fertility, unplanned pregnancy, termination of pregnancy, and control over relationships. Sexual health promotion has grown in the last two decades with the intention of improving sexual health outcomes. We know that reliable sex education material is widely available, however, we also know that young people do not always put this knowledge into practice. The aim of this study was to explore young people’s perceptions about how sexual health promotion has influenced their current sexual behaviour. Using a qualitative method from a perspective of hermeneutic phenomenology, informed by feminist principles, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight young adults (aged 19 – 22; six female and two male) in Central Victoria, to explore their recollections of sexual health promotion, including, but not limited to, school sex education, media campaigns and references from popular culture. From these recollections participants were asked how they applied their knowledge of sexual safety to their sexual behaviour. The lived experience of the participants around sexuality education, as described in interviews, and how it applied to their practices of sexual safety was explored. Findings and discussion explored both individual experiences and thematic aspects, including the themes of parents as sexuality educators, school sexuality education and the influence of friends’ experiences. Recommendations to improve sexual health outcomes include comprehensive, ongoing education on life skills, including relationship, communication, decision making and problem solving skills, which incorporate age and stage appropriate sexuality education. It is also recommended that a broader, population approach to sexual health promotion be taken. These things should assist with the individual’s development of agency and the capacity to live happy, fulfilled, safe sexual lives.
An individual's approach to intimate relationships is influenced by a combination of social mores... more An individual's approach to intimate relationships is influenced by a combination of social mores, agency and personal experiences. As these elements change, so can the approach to relationships. This presentation presents findings from a qualitative study of 22 rural Australian baby boomers, aged from 46-64 years at the time of the interview. Fifteen women and seven men from inner and outer regional Victoria participated in the research. All had been in a friends-with-benefits relationship (FWBR) within the previous five years; defined as being primarily friends, with sexual intimacy as part of the relationship, yet where people did not consider themselves to be a couple. Interviews began with the open-ended request to: " Tell me about your friends-with-benefits relationship ". Without prompting, most participants put their current FWBR into a life context of relationships. Some had enjoyed the free love of the sexual revolution so diverse relationships in midlife were a continuation of that time, while others had followed a conservative path when younger and did not explore diverse relationships until midlife. After expectations of heterosexual relationships in early years some participants were interested to explore same-sex intimacy in midlife. This presentation will discuss the present-day diverse sexuality of midlife people from the perspective of a lifespan approach to relationships, and consider the implications of this for attitudes and values when planning for health care for this cohort.
Sex and relationship research tends to focus on heterosexual and monogamous relationships. Popula... more Sex and relationship research tends to focus on heterosexual and monogamous relationships. Population studies cannot clarify understanding or capture the nuance of relationships in the way qualitative research does. Using queer theory to plan and conduct qualitative sex and relationship research allows for inclusion, acknowledgement and documentation of diversity: gender, sex, sexuality, relationship type, social and sexual behaviour. The inclusion of diverse populations and behaviours in research means there will be a greater understanding of the range of social and sexual experiences, which can be used in writing health policy and planning services.
In this paper I outline PhD research into the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-be... more In this paper I outline PhD research into the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships (FWBR), then explore how the findings have been used to promote awareness and acceptance of relationship diversity. I explored the experience of rural baby boomers in FWBR and examined the effect of the relationships on participants’ wellbeing, approaches to safe sex, and use of health services for sexual health. A FWBR was defined as when people, who are friends, have an ongoing sexual relationship, yet do not consider themselves to be a couple. In this qualitative, interpretive-descriptive study 22 participants—15 women and 7 men—who self-identified as having had a FWBR within the previous five years, took part in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Findings were analysed thematically, and non-monogamy emerged as one theme. Eight of the participants had concurrent sexual relationships and six of those could be described as consensual non-monogamy, with three participants using the term polyamorous. The remaining participants described monogamous relationships, or serial monogamy. Highly enjoyable sexual experiences were reported by most, and the FWBR generally had a positive effect on wellbeing. Approaches to safe sex and use of health services for sexual health were mixed. The research topic attracted media attention, including radio interviews, speaking to informal professional groups such as Psychology in the Pub, bringing ‘academic credibility’ to a panel discussion on polyamory, and writing for popular media. I used these opportunities to promote awareness of non-normative relationships and will discuss the responses that this activism received.
People in midlife are having sexual relationships outside hetero-monogamy and marriage which cont... more People in midlife are having sexual relationships outside hetero-monogamy and marriage which contribute positively to their wellbeing. For rural people who are in a non-traditional relationship, confidentiality, access to sexual health services, and stigma are concerns. In this qualitative research project we investigate the experience and wellbeing of 22 rural baby boomers who had a friends-with-benefits relationship within the previous five years. A fear of judgement about their sex lives for some led to a need for secrecy and concern about being seen with partners. Use of health services for sexual health was mixed: many would not ask for testing and some who did were challenged or refused. Four participants' experiences are the focus of this article. Recommendations are made for policy, health practitioner education, clinical guidelines, sexual health promotion, and informal community activities to promote good sexual health and relationship wellbeing for people in midlife.
"Kirkman, L. (2013, 20 August). Access to and use of health services for sexual health by rural b... more "Kirkman, L. (2013, 20 August). Access to and use of health services for sexual health by rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships. Proceedings of the SEXrurality: Sexual health and relationships in our rural communities conference, The University of Melbourne Rural Health Academic Centre, Shepparton, Victoria.
Abstract:The aim of this study was to explore the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships. This paper will report on participants’ accounts of their beliefs about sexual health and use of services for STI testing.
This qualitative, interpretive-descriptive study draws on in-depth interviews with 22 people, 15 women and 7 men, born between 1946 -1964 who lived in rural Victoria.
Access to a reliable sexual health service is a hit-and-miss affair in rural areas. Participants’ accounts varied widely from those who were happy with local services, to those who chose to travel to a capital city to access a specialist sexual or women’s health service. Some participants did not consider that they had any sexual health needs. Most participants who lived in or near larger regional centres were happy with their options while those from smaller towns sometimes found it easier to travel to a capital city. Broaching the issue of sexual health is discussed as a concern from both the perspective of the client and the health practitioner. Some participants were proactive in seeking STI testing or sexual health and relationship advice, and used creative ways to get around practitioner resistance.
The conclusion makes recommendations for more effective clinical practice to ensure the sexual health of midlife and older people is considered and addressed in a positive way. Ways to approach sexual health promotion targeted at midlife people who are seeing new partners is explored.
Biography
Linda Kirkman is a sexuality educator and researcher with experience in working with primary and secondary students, undergraduates, postgraduates, and midlife adults. Her current PhD research explores the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships. She is passionate about good sexuality education for all ages.
"
The development of research and information literacy skills in first year students is essential, ... more The development of research and information literacy skills in first year students is essential, but challenging. Approaches to developing these skills that are embedded within subject design, and use a blended approach between online and face-to-face delivery are considered best practice in this area. However research has yet to identify the most appropriate form of assessment of these skills.
We used constructive alignment to embed research skills in a first year subject. Students were assessed on their research skills using a diagnostic online quiz in week one, and then in week six, their application of their skills in their assignment was assessed using a rubric. We created a matched sample of the results on these two forms of assessment that included 227 students. Our main aim was to determine whether there was a relationship between quiz and rubric scores, and to assess the practical relevance of the quiz in terms of identifying students who might be in need of additional support. We found a small, but significant, positive correlation between quiz and rubric results and conclude that both the quiz and the rubric are useful forms of assessment, and that there are benefits to using both within an embedded curriculum.
Citation: Kirkman, L. (2013, 7 April). Carrying for a sister. Paper presented at the Surrogacy Au... more Citation: Kirkman, L. (2013, 7 April). Carrying for a sister. Paper presented at the Surrogacy Australia National Conference 2013, Melbourne.
This presentation covers the background to my decision to gestate my sister’s baby; the synchronicity, creativity, and persistence with the system that was needed to make it happen. I discuss my intentions regarding the pregnancy and their effects on bonding, or not bonding, with the foetus, as well as my relationship with my sister Maggie, and how she ensured I was emotionally protected through the process. The conception, pregnancy and birth are discussed, as well as the media circus after her birth and its effect, which is not what you might expect. I explore surrogacy and feminism in the context of the initial reaction to Alice’s birth and from my perspective as a feminist woman. The presentation concludes with a reflection on the last 25 years and what the impact has been on me as a result of having gestated my sister’s child.
A scoping review was undertaken to examine current Australian federal, state and territory govern... more A scoping review was undertaken to examine current Australian federal, state and territory government health policy documents to ascertain their relevance to midlife and older adult sexual health. It was found that the sexual health of midlife and older adults was not specifically referred to in most documents reviewed. Existing policy has a focus on risk, not wellbeing, in relation to sexual health, and an emphasis on reproduction, which excludes midlife and older people. This paper provides evidence of absence of sexual health policy relating to the needs of midlife and older adults in Australia. Without a policy that specifically addresses the sexual health of midlife and older adults they will continue be overlooked in health promotion planning and sexually transmissible infection testing strategies. We recommend the development of Australian sexual health policy that supports and promotes good sexual relationships and sexual health specific to the needs of midlife and older adults.
Key words: policy; sexual health; public health; sexuality and relationships; midlife; baby boomer; older adult; ageing; aging; scoping review
There is no state or federal sexual health policy that relates to older adults. Existing sexual h... more There is no state or federal sexual health policy that relates to older adults. Existing sexual health policy is focused on people under 25, or specific at-risk population groups.
Older adults, specifically baby boomers, are still sexually active, and many are exploring new relationships. The changing nature of relationships and social mores, coupled with the tendency of this cohort to be trailblazers in the sexual revolution, means that adventurous sexual activity is happening, which could lead to sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Local and international STI data indicates that STIs are a concern for the over 50s. For these reasons looking after the sexual health of this cohort is a matter for research and policy development. STI screening is not recommended or routine for older adults, therefore data are unavailable, limited or inconsistent.
Research and anecdotal evidence indicates that baby boomers are hooking up, finding new partners, sometimes frequent new partners, often without barrier protection. Sex education for this cohort was nonexistent or limited when they were younger, and contemporary sexual health promotion is not targeted at them.
This presentation will discuss existing sexual health policy and what is missing. It will use Australian and international examples of sexual health behaviour and STI data to highlight why policy is needed to encourage sexual health promotion and screening to older adults and their health providers.
WHY WE SHOULD CARE ABOUT BABY BOOMER SEXUALITY
Kirkman L
Baby boomers led the sexual revolution i... more WHY WE SHOULD CARE ABOUT BABY BOOMER SEXUALITY Kirkman L Baby boomers led the sexual revolution in the 1960s and 70s and are not showing signs of giving up as sexual beings, despite popular media’s depiction of sexuality and sexual activity as the provenance of the young. It is becoming socially acceptable to end a long term partnership that is not working. This leads older adults to seek new relationships, or maintain independence while enjoying sexual intimacy within casual or informal sexual relationships. Being over 50 is classified as ageing. The sexual health of older adults is neglected from the perspective of policy, health promotion, screening and research. Government policy does not specifically refer to older adults, and there is evidence that general practitioners are reluctant to ask young people about sexual health, so asking a peer or someone their parents’ age would also be difficult. Baby boomers are using online dating websites to find both short and long term partners, and evidence suggests many are engaging in sexual activity the first time they meet face to face. We know many young people consider safe sex to be pregnancy prevention, not STI prevention, and older adults have a similar attitude. An increase in STI rates for the over 50s in the United Kingdom (UK) led to the UK Family Planning Association to run a sexual health promotion campaign specifically targeted at this cohort. This paper will present a case for considering baby boomer sexual health to be an important topic in public health, sexual health policy, and general practitioner protocols.
There is a growing body of Australian and international evidence that older adults are seeking an... more There is a growing body of Australian and international evidence that older adults are seeking and engaging in new sexual and romantic relationships. The language we have to use will influence the construction of identities, and relationships. ‘Friends-with-benefits’ is a new and emerging form of sexual relationship. Anecdotally ‘friends-with-benefits’ is defined as a form of committed, yet non-committed sexual relationship between consenting adults.
In my qualitative study in rural Victoria using in-depth interviews I focus on ‘friends-with-benefits’ relationships in the baby boomer cohort. I examine the definitions, benefits and challenges of these relationships, including the perspectives of sexual and emotional safety. Despite low screening rates, STIs are seen to be increasing in this cohort, who lack the knowledge of the importance of safer sex and skills to negotiate and practice safe sex. Recent research has explored this phenomenon in tertiary students living in campus residences. There is a dearth of research focusing on baby boomers in ‘friends-with-benefits’ relationships. A lack of understanding of the implications leads to people in ‘friends-with-benefits’ relationships being vulnerable to both sexual health and emotional risks.
A brief exploration of a learning journey about polyamory, and reflection on the importance of ac... more A brief exploration of a learning journey about polyamory, and reflection on the importance of acceptance and respect for diversity in relationships and family types.
Abstract: Healthy aging includes a healthy sexuality. In this article we argue for sexual health ... more Abstract: Healthy aging includes a healthy sexuality. In this article we argue for sexual health policy to support aging sexuality. Government sexual health policies focus on reproduction, not sexuality, and exclude older adults. There is a stereotype that older people are not sexual. This is not supported by scholarly and anecdotal evidence or a growing popular media on older adult sexuality. This article explores Australian policy and includes reference to the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA). We examine research on older adult sexual behaviours and beliefs. Despite the growing body of evidence of older adult sexuality—including surveillance reporting of increasing sexually transmissible infections (STIs)—there is limited political support to manage the health implications of a sexually active older population. Given societal expectations of positive aging, we advocate that the sexuality and relationships of older adults be included in mainstream government sexual health policy. This would have practical and psychosocial benefits. A policy would enable preventative health measures. Clinical conversations would be easier and more likely to occur, leading to suitable interventions and health promotion. This in turn will reduce social and financial costs of burden-of-disease. Improved sexual health and better understanding of relationship diversity will increase the wellbeing of older people.
Healthy aging includes a healthy sexuality. In this article we argue for sexual health policy to ... more Healthy aging includes a healthy sexuality. In this article we argue for sexual health policy to support aging sexuality. Government sexual health policies focus on reproduction, not sexuality, and exclude older adults. There is a stereotype that older people are not sexual. This is not supported by scholarly and anecdotal evidence or a growing popular media on older adult sexuality. This article explores Australian policy and includes reference to the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA). We examine research on older adult sexual behaviours and beliefs. Despite the growing body of evidence of older adult sexuality—including surveillance reporting of increasing sexually transmissible infections (STIs) there is limited political support to manage the health implications of a sexually active older population. Given societal expectations of positive aging, we advocate that the sexuality and relationships of older adults be included in mainstream government sexual health policy. This would have practical and psychosocial benefits. A policy would enable preventative health measures. Clinical conversations would be easier and more likely to occur, leading to suitable interventions and health promotion. This in turn will reduce social and financial costs of burden-of-disease. Improved sexual health and better understanding of relationship diversity will increase the wellbeing of older people.
Breastfeeding review : professional publication of the Nursing Mothers' Association of Australia, 2001
In Australia in 1988, Linda Kirkman gestated a baby for her sister, Maggie Kirkman (conceived usi... more In Australia in 1988, Linda Kirkman gestated a baby for her sister, Maggie Kirkman (conceived using Maggie's ovum and IVF). During the pregnancy, a variety of means were used to stimulate lactation. After the birth, several women donated breastmilk as supplements to Maggie's supply. The paper discusses not only the induction of lactation, but the cooperation of women, that enabled a baby to be fed breastmilk exclusively for her first four months.
For first year students, developing academic research skills is like learning a new language; you... more For first year students, developing academic research skills is like learning a new language; you need to start early and practice often. Taking a constructively aligned approach to embedding research skills in first year subjects means introducing students to ...
People in midlife and later life are enjoying diverse types of intimate relationships and sexual ... more People in midlife and later life are enjoying diverse types of intimate relationships and sexual expression outside hetero-monogamy, yet these relationships are largely invisible and not recognised in planning, policy or health care. In a climate of social and demographic changes, relationship types and ways of living intimate citizenship in Australia are expanding. The focus of this research is rural Australians in midlife: past research on friends-with-benefits relationships (FWBR) has been mostly conducted in North America using convenience college student populations. The experience of 22 Australian rural baby boomers in FWBR is explored using in-depth interviews to identify the effect of the relationships on their wellbeing, their beliefs about sexual health risks, and use of sexual health services. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts provides empirical evidence about midlife relationships. The FWBR was a positive experience with participants reporting independence, increased agency and more enjoyable sexual experiences in midlife. Participants’ beliefs about sexual health risk varied, as did their access to sexual health services. Living in a rural location has implications for privacy, confidentiality and fear of stigma from having a non-traditional relationship, and for some participants health service access is limited. Findings are located in wider fields of social change in relationships, including intimate citizenship; and midlife and older adult sexuality and sexual health. This research contributes empirical evidence that reveals the diversity and complexity of midlife FWBR, and is the basis for policy, practice and research recommendations. Midlife and older adults are expected to contribute to the community and economy well into later life. To ensure optimal wellness, sexual health must be considered in their overall health care and there is a need for community awareness of, and respect for, diverse relationships.
Citation: Kirkman, L., Fox, C., & Dickson-Swift, V. (2015, 21-22 July). Relationship diversity an... more Citation: Kirkman, L., Fox, C., & Dickson-Swift, V. (2015, 21-22 July). Relationship diversity and implicit stigma in rural Victoria. Paper presented at the SEXRurality 2015 Showcasing rural innovations and achievements in sexual health conference, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.
Background and aims: This paper is drawn from PhD research into the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships (FWBR). A FWBR is defined as one where the participants have a friendship, an ongoing sexual relationship, yet do not consider themselves to be a couple. Midlife adults are initiating new relationships and many seek intimacy yet want to maintain independence, so are not looking for marriage or cohabitation. In rural areas maintaining confidentiality about relationships can be difficult and social expectations are conservative. Judgement and negative social consequences can come from having a non-normative relationship.
Methods: This study was qualitative and used interpretive description, influenced by social constructionism, queer theory and feminist principles. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 people, 15 women and 7 men, who were invited to “Tell me about your friends-with-benefits relationship”. Participants were born between 1946 -1964 and had had a FWBR within the previous 5 years. Prompting questions asked about the effect of the relationship on their wellbeing, approach to safe sex, and use of health services for sexual health. Transcripts were analysed thematically.
Conclusions: Participants reported that the relationships had a positive effect overall on wellbeing. No one used the word ‘stigma’ yet for many there was an implicit assumption that their non-normative relationships had to be hidden. I will present the population-based evidence about midlife sexuality and relationship diversity, then relate it to the findings from my rural sexuality research from the perspectives of stigma, confidentiality and well-being.
Disclosure of Interest Statement: No conflicts of interest to disclose.
Background and aims: This paper is drawn from PhD research into the experience of rural baby boom... more Background and aims: This paper is drawn from PhD research into the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships (FWBR). A FWBR is defined as one where the participants have a friendship, an ongoing sexual relationship, yet do not consider themselves to be a couple. Midlife adults are initiating new relationships and many seek intimacy yet want to maintain independence, so are not looking for marriage or cohabitation. In rural areas maintaining confidentiality about relationships can be difficult and social expectations are conservative. Judgement and negative social consequences can come from having a non-normative relationship.
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Papers and presentations by Linda Kirkman
occur, leading to suitable interventions and health promotion. This in turn will reduce social and financial costs of burden-of-disease. Improved sexual health and better understanding of relationship diversity will increase the wellbeing of older people.
to sexual health promotion be taken. These things should assist with the
individual’s development of agency and the capacity to live happy, fulfilled, safe sexual lives.
I explored the experience of rural baby boomers in FWBR and examined the effect of the relationships on participants’ wellbeing, approaches to safe sex, and use of health services for sexual health. A FWBR was defined as when people, who are friends, have an ongoing sexual relationship, yet do not consider themselves to be a couple. In this qualitative, interpretive-descriptive study 22 participants—15 women and 7 men—who self-identified as having had a FWBR within the previous five years, took part in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Findings were analysed thematically, and non-monogamy emerged as one theme. Eight of the participants had concurrent sexual relationships and six of those could be described as consensual non-monogamy, with three participants using the term polyamorous. The remaining participants described monogamous relationships, or serial monogamy. Highly enjoyable sexual experiences were reported by most, and the FWBR generally had a positive effect on wellbeing. Approaches to safe sex and use of health services for sexual health were mixed.
The research topic attracted media attention, including radio interviews, speaking to informal professional groups such as Psychology in the Pub, bringing ‘academic credibility’ to a panel discussion on polyamory, and writing for popular media. I used these opportunities to promote awareness of non-normative relationships and will discuss the responses that this activism received.
Abstract:The aim of this study was to explore the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships. This paper will report on participants’ accounts of their beliefs about sexual health and use of services for STI testing.
This qualitative, interpretive-descriptive study draws on in-depth interviews with 22 people, 15 women and 7 men, born between 1946 -1964 who lived in rural Victoria.
Access to a reliable sexual health service is a hit-and-miss affair in rural areas. Participants’ accounts varied widely from those who were happy with local services, to those who chose to travel to a capital city to access a specialist sexual or women’s health service. Some participants did not consider that they had any sexual health needs. Most participants who lived in or near larger regional centres were happy with their options while those from smaller towns sometimes found it easier to travel to a capital city. Broaching the issue of sexual health is discussed as a concern from both the perspective of the client and the health practitioner. Some participants were proactive in seeking STI testing or sexual health and relationship advice, and used creative ways to get around practitioner resistance.
The conclusion makes recommendations for more effective clinical practice to ensure the sexual health of midlife and older people is considered and addressed in a positive way. Ways to approach sexual health promotion targeted at midlife people who are seeing new partners is explored.
Biography
Linda Kirkman is a sexuality educator and researcher with experience in working with primary and secondary students, undergraduates, postgraduates, and midlife adults. Her current PhD research explores the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships. She is passionate about good sexuality education for all ages.
"
We used constructive alignment to embed research skills in a first year subject. Students were assessed on their research skills using a diagnostic online quiz in week one, and then in week six, their application of their skills in their assignment was assessed using a rubric. We created a matched sample of the results on these two forms of assessment that included 227 students. Our main aim was to determine whether there was a relationship between quiz and rubric scores, and to assess the practical relevance of the quiz in terms of identifying students who might be in need of additional support. We found a small, but significant, positive correlation between quiz and rubric results and conclude that both the quiz and the rubric are useful forms of assessment, and that there are benefits to using both within an embedded curriculum.
This presentation covers the background to my decision to gestate my sister’s baby; the synchronicity, creativity, and persistence with the system that was needed to make it happen. I discuss my intentions regarding the pregnancy and their effects on bonding, or not bonding, with the foetus, as well as my relationship with my sister Maggie, and how she ensured I was emotionally protected through the process. The conception, pregnancy and birth are discussed, as well as the media circus after her birth and its effect, which is not what you might expect. I explore surrogacy and feminism in the context of the initial reaction to Alice’s birth and from my perspective as a feminist woman. The presentation concludes with a reflection on the last 25 years and what the impact has been on me as a result of having gestated my sister’s child.
Key words: policy; sexual health; public health; sexuality and relationships; midlife; baby boomer; older adult; ageing; aging; scoping review
Older adults, specifically baby boomers, are still sexually active, and many are exploring new relationships. The changing nature of relationships and social mores, coupled with the tendency of this cohort to be trailblazers in the sexual revolution, means that adventurous sexual activity is happening, which could lead to sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Local and international STI data indicates that STIs are a concern for the over 50s. For these reasons looking after the sexual health of this cohort is a matter for research and policy development. STI screening is not recommended or routine for older adults, therefore data are unavailable, limited or inconsistent.
Research and anecdotal evidence indicates that baby boomers are hooking up, finding new partners, sometimes frequent new partners, often without barrier protection. Sex education for this cohort was nonexistent or limited when they were younger, and contemporary sexual health promotion is not targeted at them.
This presentation will discuss existing sexual health policy and what is missing. It will use Australian and international examples of sexual health behaviour and STI data to highlight why policy is needed to encourage sexual health promotion and screening to older adults and their health providers.
Kirkman L
Baby boomers led the sexual revolution in the 1960s and 70s and are not showing signs of giving up as sexual beings, despite popular media’s depiction of sexuality and sexual activity as the provenance of the young. It is becoming socially acceptable to end a long term partnership that is not working. This leads older adults to seek new relationships, or maintain independence while enjoying sexual intimacy within casual or informal sexual relationships. Being over 50 is classified as ageing. The sexual health of older adults is neglected from the perspective of policy, health promotion, screening and research. Government policy does not specifically refer to older adults, and there is evidence that general practitioners are reluctant to ask young people about sexual health, so asking a peer or someone their parents’ age would also be difficult. Baby boomers are using online dating websites to find both short and long term partners, and evidence suggests many are engaging in sexual activity the first time they meet face to face. We know many young people consider safe sex to be pregnancy prevention, not STI prevention, and older adults have a similar attitude. An increase in STI rates for the over 50s in the United Kingdom (UK) led to the UK Family Planning Association to run a sexual health promotion campaign specifically targeted at this cohort. This paper will present a case for considering baby boomer sexual health to be an important topic in public health, sexual health policy, and general practitioner protocols.
In my qualitative study in rural Victoria using in-depth interviews I focus on ‘friends-with-benefits’ relationships in the baby boomer cohort. I examine the definitions, benefits and challenges of these relationships, including the perspectives of sexual and emotional safety. Despite low screening rates, STIs are seen to be increasing in this cohort, who lack the knowledge of the importance of safer sex and skills to negotiate and practice safe sex. Recent research has explored this phenomenon in tertiary students living in campus residences. There is a dearth of research focusing on baby boomers in ‘friends-with-benefits’ relationships. A lack of understanding of the implications leads to people in ‘friends-with-benefits’ relationships being vulnerable to both sexual health and emotional risks.
occur, leading to suitable interventions and health promotion. This in turn will reduce social and financial costs of burden-of-disease. Improved sexual health and better understanding of relationship diversity will increase the wellbeing of older people.
to sexual health promotion be taken. These things should assist with the
individual’s development of agency and the capacity to live happy, fulfilled, safe sexual lives.
I explored the experience of rural baby boomers in FWBR and examined the effect of the relationships on participants’ wellbeing, approaches to safe sex, and use of health services for sexual health. A FWBR was defined as when people, who are friends, have an ongoing sexual relationship, yet do not consider themselves to be a couple. In this qualitative, interpretive-descriptive study 22 participants—15 women and 7 men—who self-identified as having had a FWBR within the previous five years, took part in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Findings were analysed thematically, and non-monogamy emerged as one theme. Eight of the participants had concurrent sexual relationships and six of those could be described as consensual non-monogamy, with three participants using the term polyamorous. The remaining participants described monogamous relationships, or serial monogamy. Highly enjoyable sexual experiences were reported by most, and the FWBR generally had a positive effect on wellbeing. Approaches to safe sex and use of health services for sexual health were mixed.
The research topic attracted media attention, including radio interviews, speaking to informal professional groups such as Psychology in the Pub, bringing ‘academic credibility’ to a panel discussion on polyamory, and writing for popular media. I used these opportunities to promote awareness of non-normative relationships and will discuss the responses that this activism received.
Abstract:The aim of this study was to explore the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships. This paper will report on participants’ accounts of their beliefs about sexual health and use of services for STI testing.
This qualitative, interpretive-descriptive study draws on in-depth interviews with 22 people, 15 women and 7 men, born between 1946 -1964 who lived in rural Victoria.
Access to a reliable sexual health service is a hit-and-miss affair in rural areas. Participants’ accounts varied widely from those who were happy with local services, to those who chose to travel to a capital city to access a specialist sexual or women’s health service. Some participants did not consider that they had any sexual health needs. Most participants who lived in or near larger regional centres were happy with their options while those from smaller towns sometimes found it easier to travel to a capital city. Broaching the issue of sexual health is discussed as a concern from both the perspective of the client and the health practitioner. Some participants were proactive in seeking STI testing or sexual health and relationship advice, and used creative ways to get around practitioner resistance.
The conclusion makes recommendations for more effective clinical practice to ensure the sexual health of midlife and older people is considered and addressed in a positive way. Ways to approach sexual health promotion targeted at midlife people who are seeing new partners is explored.
Biography
Linda Kirkman is a sexuality educator and researcher with experience in working with primary and secondary students, undergraduates, postgraduates, and midlife adults. Her current PhD research explores the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships. She is passionate about good sexuality education for all ages.
"
We used constructive alignment to embed research skills in a first year subject. Students were assessed on their research skills using a diagnostic online quiz in week one, and then in week six, their application of their skills in their assignment was assessed using a rubric. We created a matched sample of the results on these two forms of assessment that included 227 students. Our main aim was to determine whether there was a relationship between quiz and rubric scores, and to assess the practical relevance of the quiz in terms of identifying students who might be in need of additional support. We found a small, but significant, positive correlation between quiz and rubric results and conclude that both the quiz and the rubric are useful forms of assessment, and that there are benefits to using both within an embedded curriculum.
This presentation covers the background to my decision to gestate my sister’s baby; the synchronicity, creativity, and persistence with the system that was needed to make it happen. I discuss my intentions regarding the pregnancy and their effects on bonding, or not bonding, with the foetus, as well as my relationship with my sister Maggie, and how she ensured I was emotionally protected through the process. The conception, pregnancy and birth are discussed, as well as the media circus after her birth and its effect, which is not what you might expect. I explore surrogacy and feminism in the context of the initial reaction to Alice’s birth and from my perspective as a feminist woman. The presentation concludes with a reflection on the last 25 years and what the impact has been on me as a result of having gestated my sister’s child.
Key words: policy; sexual health; public health; sexuality and relationships; midlife; baby boomer; older adult; ageing; aging; scoping review
Older adults, specifically baby boomers, are still sexually active, and many are exploring new relationships. The changing nature of relationships and social mores, coupled with the tendency of this cohort to be trailblazers in the sexual revolution, means that adventurous sexual activity is happening, which could lead to sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Local and international STI data indicates that STIs are a concern for the over 50s. For these reasons looking after the sexual health of this cohort is a matter for research and policy development. STI screening is not recommended or routine for older adults, therefore data are unavailable, limited or inconsistent.
Research and anecdotal evidence indicates that baby boomers are hooking up, finding new partners, sometimes frequent new partners, often without barrier protection. Sex education for this cohort was nonexistent or limited when they were younger, and contemporary sexual health promotion is not targeted at them.
This presentation will discuss existing sexual health policy and what is missing. It will use Australian and international examples of sexual health behaviour and STI data to highlight why policy is needed to encourage sexual health promotion and screening to older adults and their health providers.
Kirkman L
Baby boomers led the sexual revolution in the 1960s and 70s and are not showing signs of giving up as sexual beings, despite popular media’s depiction of sexuality and sexual activity as the provenance of the young. It is becoming socially acceptable to end a long term partnership that is not working. This leads older adults to seek new relationships, or maintain independence while enjoying sexual intimacy within casual or informal sexual relationships. Being over 50 is classified as ageing. The sexual health of older adults is neglected from the perspective of policy, health promotion, screening and research. Government policy does not specifically refer to older adults, and there is evidence that general practitioners are reluctant to ask young people about sexual health, so asking a peer or someone their parents’ age would also be difficult. Baby boomers are using online dating websites to find both short and long term partners, and evidence suggests many are engaging in sexual activity the first time they meet face to face. We know many young people consider safe sex to be pregnancy prevention, not STI prevention, and older adults have a similar attitude. An increase in STI rates for the over 50s in the United Kingdom (UK) led to the UK Family Planning Association to run a sexual health promotion campaign specifically targeted at this cohort. This paper will present a case for considering baby boomer sexual health to be an important topic in public health, sexual health policy, and general practitioner protocols.
In my qualitative study in rural Victoria using in-depth interviews I focus on ‘friends-with-benefits’ relationships in the baby boomer cohort. I examine the definitions, benefits and challenges of these relationships, including the perspectives of sexual and emotional safety. Despite low screening rates, STIs are seen to be increasing in this cohort, who lack the knowledge of the importance of safer sex and skills to negotiate and practice safe sex. Recent research has explored this phenomenon in tertiary students living in campus residences. There is a dearth of research focusing on baby boomers in ‘friends-with-benefits’ relationships. A lack of understanding of the implications leads to people in ‘friends-with-benefits’ relationships being vulnerable to both sexual health and emotional risks.
Given societal expectations of positive aging, we advocate that the sexuality and relationships of older adults be included in mainstream government sexual health policy. This would have practical and psychosocial benefits. A policy would enable preventative health measures. Clinical conversations would be easier and more likely to occur, leading to suitable interventions and health promotion. This in turn will reduce social and financial costs of burden-of-disease. Improved sexual health and better understanding of relationship diversity will increase the wellbeing of older people.
The experience of 22 Australian rural baby boomers in FWBR is explored using in-depth interviews to identify the effect of the relationships on their wellbeing, their beliefs about sexual health risks, and use of sexual health services. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts provides empirical evidence about midlife relationships. The FWBR was a positive experience with participants reporting independence, increased agency and more enjoyable sexual experiences in midlife. Participants’ beliefs about sexual health risk varied, as did their access to sexual health services. Living in a rural location has implications for privacy, confidentiality and fear of stigma from having a non-traditional relationship, and for some participants health service access is limited. Findings are located in wider fields of social change in relationships, including intimate citizenship; and midlife and older adult sexuality and sexual health.
This research contributes empirical evidence that reveals the diversity and complexity of midlife FWBR, and is the basis for policy, practice and research recommendations. Midlife and older adults are expected to contribute to the community and economy well into later life. To ensure optimal wellness, sexual health must be considered in their overall health care and there is a need for community awareness of, and respect for, diverse relationships.
Background and aims:
This paper is drawn from PhD research into the experience of rural baby boomers in friends-with-benefits relationships (FWBR). A FWBR is defined as one where the participants have a friendship, an ongoing sexual relationship, yet do not consider themselves to be a couple. Midlife adults are initiating new relationships and many seek intimacy yet want to maintain independence, so are not looking for marriage or cohabitation. In rural areas maintaining confidentiality about relationships can be difficult and social expectations are conservative. Judgement and negative social consequences can come from having a non-normative relationship.
Methods:
This study was qualitative and used interpretive description, influenced by social constructionism, queer theory and feminist principles. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 people, 15 women and 7 men, who were invited to “Tell me about your friends-with-benefits relationship”. Participants were born between 1946 -1964 and had had a FWBR within the previous 5 years. Prompting questions asked about the effect of the relationship on their wellbeing, approach to safe sex, and use of health services for sexual health. Transcripts were analysed thematically.
Conclusions:
Participants reported that the relationships had a positive effect overall on wellbeing. No one used the word ‘stigma’ yet for many there was an implicit assumption that their non-normative relationships had to be hidden. I will present the population-based evidence about midlife sexuality and relationship diversity, then relate it to the findings from my rural sexuality research from the perspectives of stigma, confidentiality and well-being.
Disclosure of Interest Statement:
No conflicts of interest to disclose.