Papers: Drawing by Russell Marshall
This article explores ambiguity in contemporary fine art drawing through the presentation of a pr... more This article explores ambiguity in contemporary fine art drawing through the presentation of a proposal and subsequent response. Drawing within three figurations – Empson’s seven types of ambiguity in literary prose (first published in 1930), the logical fallacies of ambiguity, and grammatical prepositions (e.g. between, beyond, beside, etc.) – the article aims to investigate the opportunities that arise if we are ambivalent to, subvert, or challenge definitions of drawing. The article critiques the origins of hyperdrawing by tracing from a point of retrieval, where a conceptual and practical view ‘point’ is set into motion beginning with a revisiting of the author’s previous research into this hyperview. This trace moves through the three figurations: mapping the seven ambiguities, overlaid and interwoven with five fallacies, drawing emergent prepositions, in advancing logical disorder. An example drawn response, titled Seventh (from a series of drawings titled First through to Seventh), is selectively unwoven in the context of the figurations. The article discusses the opportunities highlighted through this response, returning to the proposal that a position of ambiguity (a lack of definition) is desirable and presents a fallacious definition. Ultimately (drawing) ambiguity is left unresolved; however, its opportunities are explored through an examination of the boundary between literary criticism and drawing.
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Is a lack of a definition, a position of ambiguity, desirable in response to the question: what i... more Is a lack of a definition, a position of ambiguity, desirable in response to the question: what is drawing? This paper presents a view taken from two traditionally distinct fields: art and design; design and technology. This view is formed through the research collaboration and co-editorship of TRACEY: the journal of contemporary drawing, and the pedagogical development of a Masters programme in visualisation by the authors. This view is that a lack of definition is not only desirable, it is also a necessity.
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Book Chapter: Drawing by Russell Marshall
Drawing Ambiguity: Beside the Lines of Contemporary Art, 2015
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In this book authors and artists come together to explore the potential of what drawing in contem... more In this book authors and artists come together to explore the potential of what drawing in contemporary art theory and practice might become. In this follow-up to 2007's Drawing Now: Between the Lines of Contemporary Art, the editors of TRACEY curate contemporary drawing within fine art practice from 2006 through to 2010.
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Papers by Russell Marshall
A new study is investigating the life-long and contemporary experiences of kitchens of 48 people ... more A new study is investigating the life-long and contemporary experiences of kitchens of 48 people over 60 years of age. The research includes detailed questionnaire interviews asking people about their experiences of living in their current kitchen. This paper presents the initial quantitative results of peoples’ experiences, needs and wants from their current kitchens. This includes problems experienced with activities of daily life in the current kitchen, changes that have been made or are planned to be made to the current kitchen to increase usability in older age, coping strategies and examples of design that have been found to be really useful to older people.
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The workforce is ageing rapidly in most parts of the world. Today"s challenging and economic... more The workforce is ageing rapidly in most parts of the world. Today"s challenging and economically com- petitive working scenarios demand the retention of skilled, experienced and more loyal older workers. Ageing affects work performance and it becomes necessary to understand the effects of ageing. However, there are many negative stereotypes which result in discrimination in relation to older workers. A "design for all" method is considered helpful in the promotion of the employment of older workers where prod- ucts, service and workstation design requirements of older workers might be addressed proactively. This approach uses realistic data about physical, physiological and cognitive abilities of a variety of people who belong to different age groups, shapes and sizes. Implementation of this strategy can potentially en- sure better and safer working environments for all workers. This paper reveals the need to use this com- puter-aided design for all methodology for in...
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As a relatively new field of scholarship, design research now confidently defines itself through ... more As a relatively new field of scholarship, design research now confidently defines itself through distinctive academic journals, conferences and associations/societies. However, there is a tendency for the outcomes of academic design research to focus on academic endeavour, such as ways to support teaching and theoretical approaches to designing and design knowledge. This paper explores an alternative position in which the outcomes beyond the academy by making direct contributions to design practice, design innovation, design regulation, design guidelines and design technology. Whilst academic outputs inevitably result in journal publication, the most significant impact of the case studies discussed in the paper can best be described as 'non-academic' in the form of: a high visibility livery for emergency vehicles that has been adopted in the UK and beyond (design guidelines); an award-winning design tool for the Industrial Designers Society of America to standardise the lang...
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Driver vision from vehicles is a long standing issue. One highly topical scenario includes accide... more Driver vision from vehicles is a long standing issue. One highly topical scenario includes accidents to vulnerable road users and in particular cyclists, from collisions with large goods vehicles (LGVs). In many of these cases driver vision is a potential causal factor in the occurrence of the accident. This paper presents research performed into the evaluation of driver vision, funded by the UK Department for Transport. To support the research, a 3D volumetric assessment technique was developed in the SAMMIE digital human modelling system. This highly visual technique provides an indication of the visible volumes of space around a vehicle and any blind spots. Vision was evaluated for a range of vehicle types from cars through to LGVs. To investigate the potential casual effects of vision in accidents and specifically those involving cyclists, scenarios were identified from UK Police accident data. These scenarios were then modelled and evaluated digitally. The results highlight tha...
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The kitchen is an important space in the home serving many purposes both functional and social. T... more The kitchen is an important space in the home serving many purposes both functional and social. The need was identified to chart social changes experienced by older people in relation to the kitchen and to understand current issues and problems of kitchen usage. Two interviews were conducted with 40 older participants (aged between 61 and 91) living in a variety of British housing types in Loughborough and Bristol. The first interview recorded their experience of the kitchen throughout their lives, and the second on the contemporary kitchen and how well it meets their needs. This paper focuses on the second interview. It was found that problems of reaching, bending and stretching, dexterity and sight were all relatively common while for specific tasks, problems with ironing, cleaning and shopping were the most frequent. Categorisation of participants’ likes and dislikes about their kitchens were recorded highlighting the most important issues for the participants. The paper reports ...
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This paper presents research into the quantification and evaluation of driver's field of view... more This paper presents research into the quantification and evaluation of driver's field of view (FOV) from Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs). The research explores the nature of any blind spots to drivers' vision resulting from the vehicle design and configuration. The paper is the first of two submitted to ICED17. This paper focuses upon the methodology for the quantification of blindspots and the second paper presents the results and outlines the need for a direct vision standard (Summerskill and Marshall, 2017). The research builds upon previous work by the authors exploiting a volumetric projection technique that allows the FOV to be visualised in order to quantify the magnitude of any blind spots. The approach also provides a means to compare vehicle designs and scenarios involving the vehicle and other road users. Using this volumetric approach, the research determined the size and location of any bind spots around 19 HGVs. The sample consisted of the most sold vehicles in the...
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Traditional manufacturing work practices do not consider human variability issues during the desi... more Traditional manufacturing work practices do not consider human variability issues during the design process. However, most manual assembly activities demand high levels of repetition and speed without compromising product quality and work productivity. Individual factors including age, gender, skill, experience and anthropometry cause variations in task strategies that lead to variations in individual and organizational work performance. The ergonomics-based risk assessment methods OWAS, REBA and RULA have been used to evaluate risk levels associated with working methods. This paper discusses the need for these methods to understand and highlight the key issues generated by these variations with the objective of minimizing these variations. Methods that can be used to promote working strategies that minimize the level of risk are described. The proposed research method potentially reduces work-related musculoskeletal disorders, injuries, pain, and promotes safe, healthy, productive ...
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Advances in Human Factors of Transportation
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Applied Ergonomics
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Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications - AutomotiveUI '18
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International Journal of the Digital Human, 2016
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Social Inclusion, 2016
This paper presents research into the area of public transport and accessibility, addressing the ... more This paper presents research into the area of public transport and accessibility, addressing the support of practitioners in achieving socially inclusive solutions to the mobility issues of diverse populations. For decades, social policy has been underpinned by a stereotyping of populations into simplified sub groups: old, young, disabled, etc. and thus solutions often fail to properly address the richness of human variability. These shortcomings are often ‘managed’ through the ability for people to adapt, however, this is not a sustainable way in which to build a socially inclusive transport infrastructure. A software design tool called HADRIAN is presented. This tool provides a means to evaluate designs for their physical inclusiveness through the use of a virtual user group. This virtual user group is the embodiment of over 100 people that can be used to assess an existing or proposed design and to gain an understanding of what may be done to improve its accommodation. A case stu...
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Applied Ergonomics, 2015
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Papers: Drawing by Russell Marshall
Book Chapter: Drawing by Russell Marshall
Papers by Russell Marshall