I am Associate Professor of International Business at the University of Leeds (UK). During the last five years, I have been conducting research on international business and (technological) innovation. My latest research projects include:
(1) Innovation and performance management in multi-national teams and corporations in knowledge-intensive industries
(2) International technology transfer in complex product systems industries (e.g. aircraft, nuclear power plant, and high speed railway)
(3) Interplay between technology (e.g. patent acquisition, patent infringement, etc.) and institution in cross-border acquisitions and IPO Address: Leeds, UK
In this article, we explore the evolution of Industrial Marketing Management in further detail by... more In this article, we explore the evolution of Industrial Marketing Management in further detail by considering average number of citations per article, the distribution of citations and authors across subject areas, and country affiliation of authors. We also investigate research team characteristics such as team size, and knowledge, geographic, and cultural diversity. We speculate that larger and more diverse teams may be required as a research discipline emerges, as authors take on more challenging research questions which will require a team possessing more varied expertise. We take a 16-year perspective, including all issues of Industrial Marketing Management from 1997 through 2012.
This paper posits that the combination of changes in a forerunner's industry legitimacy and a lat... more This paper posits that the combination of changes in a forerunner's industry legitimacy and a latecomer's efforts to endogenise windows of opportunity allows the latecomer to evolve from a turnkey importer to a global exporter. Our theoretical assertions are supported by analysing Korea as a latecomer in the nuclear power industry. We show that both an increase and a decrease in a forerunner's industry legitimacy provides exogenous windows of opportunity for the latecomer to access a forerunner's knowledge base. In particular, the decrease in a forerunner's industry legitimacy provides a critical opportunity for the latecomer to acquire core technology. In addition, our analysis shows some interesting findings on the latecomer's endogenisation of windows of opportunity through the lens of technological innovation systems. This study advances a more fine-grained view on catch-up theory by shedding new light on the implications of transnational industry legitimacy dynamics and windows of opportunity for a latecomer's catch-up in complex product systems.
How do the effects of cognitive openness and structural openness on the research impact of busine... more How do the effects of cognitive openness and structural openness on the research impact of business scholars vary over their careers? By analysing a longitudinal sample of 35,296 scholars who published in business and management journals, we show that the cognitive openness and the structural openness of business scholars have non-linear relationships with their research impact. In particular, we found that, whereas moderate levels of cognitive openness and structural openness are desirable for increasing young scholars' citations, a high level of cognitive openness and a low level of structural openness contribute to senior scholars' citations. This study contributes to our understanding of different search behaviour across business scholars' career paths and its implications for scholars' research impact.
Which kind of government intervention is needed to transform scientific and technological knowled... more Which kind of government intervention is needed to transform scientific and technological knowledge into innovative nascent entrepreneurship? We answer this question by drawing upon the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship and institutional theory. We empirically examined the moderating effect of government intervention on the relation between knowledge and innovative nascent entrepreneurship with cross-country panel data on 47 countries from 2002 to 2012. Our results first show that a smaller government sector is required to transform technological knowledge into innovative nascent entrepreneurship. In addition, we found that a larger government sector and more regulation of credit, labor, and business increase the transformation of scientific knowledge into innovative nascent entrepreneurship. We contribute to understanding the role of government in transforming scientific and technological knowledge into innovative nascent entrepreneurship.
This research empirically examines the relation between R&D cooperation and unintended innovation... more This research empirically examines the relation between R&D cooperation and unintended innovation performance. The effects of appropriability and sectoral conditions on the unintended innovation performance in the context of R&D cooperation were also tested. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the manufacturing firms sampled from the Korea Innovation Survey (KIS) 2012. Our estimation results show that for the high-tech focal firms under strong appropriability regime, cooperation with competitors increases the likelihood of their unintended innovation performance. For the high-tech focal firms under weak appropriability regime, cooperation with customer and user firms and universities increases the likelihood of their unintended innovation performance. For the low-tech firms under strong appropriability regime, cooperation with the customer and user firms and advisory organizations increases the likelihood of unintended innovation performance. For the low-tech firms under weak appropriability regime, cooperation with competitors and government research institutes increases the likelihood of unintended innovation performance. As a whole, the significance of this paper lies in shedding a new light on approaching the innovation performance with the notion of unintended innovation performance, which is shaped by different partner types and environmental conditions.
Derive the proposition of social capital role for the East Asian entrepreneurial RIS.Examine the ... more Derive the proposition of social capital role for the East Asian entrepreneurial RIS.Examine the status of representative East Asian RIS cases.Vitalize cognitive social capital for mature entrepreneurial RIS.Transition from top-down to bottom-up approach in order to make the best use of social capital.This paper analyzes the role of social capital in entrepreneurial RIS (Regional Innovation Systems). We disaggregate the features of mature entrepreneurial RIS into three dimensions of social capital: structural, relational, and cognitive. We apply these features of mature entrepreneurial RIS to the still-evolving entrepreneurial RIS from East Asia including Daedeok Innopolis of Korea and Hsinchu Science Park of Taiwan. The spawning effect of representative companies within focal industries, collaboration among the key organizational actors, and attraction and retention of talent are taken into account. The study uncovers a new aspect of still-evolving entrepreneurial RIS, which complements the existing typology categorizing RIS into institutional RIS and entrepreneurial RIS. Whereas the conventional literature has viewed the East Asian RIS as institutional RIS, the findings of this study allow scholars to view the East Asian RIS as entrepreneurial in their own distinctive manner. Meanwhile, we also find an important implication for making a shift from a top-down to a bottom-up approach in order for the still-evolving entrepreneurial RIS to vitalize cognitive social capital. Thus, we suggest the transitions from outward-looking social capital to inward-looking social capital.
This paper investigates the role of bilateral trade openness in technology- acquiring cross-borde... more This paper investigates the role of bilateral trade openness in technology- acquiring cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) by emerging market firms (EMFs). The cross-border M&A, patents, and financial data from January 2000 to December 2013 have been utilised for empirical analyses. By analysing cumulative abnormal returns of the acquirer EMFs from Brazil, Russia, China, India, and Mexico, the value-creating nature of technology-acquiring cross-border M&As has been confirmed. In addition, the number of the patents owned by the target firms showed a positive and significant effect on the stock performance of cross-border acquirers. Finally, the bilateral trade openness significantly and positively moderated the relation between the innovation capability of the target firms and EMFs’ stock performance.
Investigated different patterns of technological learning in latecomers’ complex product systems ... more Investigated different patterns of technological learning in latecomers’ complex product systems development.Compared technological learning patterns in military aircraft development by Brazil, China, and South Korea.Technological learning patterns are shaped by available knowledge-base and role of foreign partners.Technological alliance and private sector responsibility enabled Korea’s success in CoPS development.Strategic, functional and project initiatives serve as groundwork for latecomers’ technological learning.This paper identifies different patterns of latecomers’ technological learning in developing complex products systems (CoPS). The experiences of South Korea, China, and Brazil in military aircraft development are compared to explain the learning process in attaining indigenous technological capability. The military aircraft development programs involving international technology transfer agreements have been documented to investigate the technological learning patterns. We find different technology acquisition modes determined by latecomers’ focus of knowledge-base: technological for “make” and production for “buy”. We also find that these modes may influence the process of learning-by-doing. In addition, we find how the role of foreign partners influences technology acquisition mode. Whereas an active role results in co-production or co-development arrangement, a passive role leads to the vitalization of reverse engineering. We also shed light on the role of government policy initiatives that facilitate technological learning. Lastly, this paper extensively documented the successful technological learning in South Korea’s T-50 and Brazil’s AMX joint venture projects.
In this article, we explore the evolution of Industrial Marketing Management in further detail by... more In this article, we explore the evolution of Industrial Marketing Management in further detail by considering average number of citations per article, the distribution of citations and authors across subject areas, and country affiliation of authors. We also investigate research team characteristics such as team size, and knowledge, geographic, and cultural diversity. We speculate that larger and more diverse teams may be required as a research discipline emerges, as authors take on more challenging research questions which will require a team possessing more varied expertise. We take a 16-year perspective, including all issues of Industrial Marketing Management from 1997 through 2012.
This paper posits that the combination of changes in a forerunner's industry legitimacy and a lat... more This paper posits that the combination of changes in a forerunner's industry legitimacy and a latecomer's efforts to endogenise windows of opportunity allows the latecomer to evolve from a turnkey importer to a global exporter. Our theoretical assertions are supported by analysing Korea as a latecomer in the nuclear power industry. We show that both an increase and a decrease in a forerunner's industry legitimacy provides exogenous windows of opportunity for the latecomer to access a forerunner's knowledge base. In particular, the decrease in a forerunner's industry legitimacy provides a critical opportunity for the latecomer to acquire core technology. In addition, our analysis shows some interesting findings on the latecomer's endogenisation of windows of opportunity through the lens of technological innovation systems. This study advances a more fine-grained view on catch-up theory by shedding new light on the implications of transnational industry legitimacy dynamics and windows of opportunity for a latecomer's catch-up in complex product systems.
How do the effects of cognitive openness and structural openness on the research impact of busine... more How do the effects of cognitive openness and structural openness on the research impact of business scholars vary over their careers? By analysing a longitudinal sample of 35,296 scholars who published in business and management journals, we show that the cognitive openness and the structural openness of business scholars have non-linear relationships with their research impact. In particular, we found that, whereas moderate levels of cognitive openness and structural openness are desirable for increasing young scholars' citations, a high level of cognitive openness and a low level of structural openness contribute to senior scholars' citations. This study contributes to our understanding of different search behaviour across business scholars' career paths and its implications for scholars' research impact.
Which kind of government intervention is needed to transform scientific and technological knowled... more Which kind of government intervention is needed to transform scientific and technological knowledge into innovative nascent entrepreneurship? We answer this question by drawing upon the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship and institutional theory. We empirically examined the moderating effect of government intervention on the relation between knowledge and innovative nascent entrepreneurship with cross-country panel data on 47 countries from 2002 to 2012. Our results first show that a smaller government sector is required to transform technological knowledge into innovative nascent entrepreneurship. In addition, we found that a larger government sector and more regulation of credit, labor, and business increase the transformation of scientific knowledge into innovative nascent entrepreneurship. We contribute to understanding the role of government in transforming scientific and technological knowledge into innovative nascent entrepreneurship.
This research empirically examines the relation between R&D cooperation and unintended innovation... more This research empirically examines the relation between R&D cooperation and unintended innovation performance. The effects of appropriability and sectoral conditions on the unintended innovation performance in the context of R&D cooperation were also tested. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the manufacturing firms sampled from the Korea Innovation Survey (KIS) 2012. Our estimation results show that for the high-tech focal firms under strong appropriability regime, cooperation with competitors increases the likelihood of their unintended innovation performance. For the high-tech focal firms under weak appropriability regime, cooperation with customer and user firms and universities increases the likelihood of their unintended innovation performance. For the low-tech firms under strong appropriability regime, cooperation with the customer and user firms and advisory organizations increases the likelihood of unintended innovation performance. For the low-tech firms under weak appropriability regime, cooperation with competitors and government research institutes increases the likelihood of unintended innovation performance. As a whole, the significance of this paper lies in shedding a new light on approaching the innovation performance with the notion of unintended innovation performance, which is shaped by different partner types and environmental conditions.
Derive the proposition of social capital role for the East Asian entrepreneurial RIS.Examine the ... more Derive the proposition of social capital role for the East Asian entrepreneurial RIS.Examine the status of representative East Asian RIS cases.Vitalize cognitive social capital for mature entrepreneurial RIS.Transition from top-down to bottom-up approach in order to make the best use of social capital.This paper analyzes the role of social capital in entrepreneurial RIS (Regional Innovation Systems). We disaggregate the features of mature entrepreneurial RIS into three dimensions of social capital: structural, relational, and cognitive. We apply these features of mature entrepreneurial RIS to the still-evolving entrepreneurial RIS from East Asia including Daedeok Innopolis of Korea and Hsinchu Science Park of Taiwan. The spawning effect of representative companies within focal industries, collaboration among the key organizational actors, and attraction and retention of talent are taken into account. The study uncovers a new aspect of still-evolving entrepreneurial RIS, which complements the existing typology categorizing RIS into institutional RIS and entrepreneurial RIS. Whereas the conventional literature has viewed the East Asian RIS as institutional RIS, the findings of this study allow scholars to view the East Asian RIS as entrepreneurial in their own distinctive manner. Meanwhile, we also find an important implication for making a shift from a top-down to a bottom-up approach in order for the still-evolving entrepreneurial RIS to vitalize cognitive social capital. Thus, we suggest the transitions from outward-looking social capital to inward-looking social capital.
This paper investigates the role of bilateral trade openness in technology- acquiring cross-borde... more This paper investigates the role of bilateral trade openness in technology- acquiring cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) by emerging market firms (EMFs). The cross-border M&A, patents, and financial data from January 2000 to December 2013 have been utilised for empirical analyses. By analysing cumulative abnormal returns of the acquirer EMFs from Brazil, Russia, China, India, and Mexico, the value-creating nature of technology-acquiring cross-border M&As has been confirmed. In addition, the number of the patents owned by the target firms showed a positive and significant effect on the stock performance of cross-border acquirers. Finally, the bilateral trade openness significantly and positively moderated the relation between the innovation capability of the target firms and EMFs’ stock performance.
Investigated different patterns of technological learning in latecomers’ complex product systems ... more Investigated different patterns of technological learning in latecomers’ complex product systems development.Compared technological learning patterns in military aircraft development by Brazil, China, and South Korea.Technological learning patterns are shaped by available knowledge-base and role of foreign partners.Technological alliance and private sector responsibility enabled Korea’s success in CoPS development.Strategic, functional and project initiatives serve as groundwork for latecomers’ technological learning.This paper identifies different patterns of latecomers’ technological learning in developing complex products systems (CoPS). The experiences of South Korea, China, and Brazil in military aircraft development are compared to explain the learning process in attaining indigenous technological capability. The military aircraft development programs involving international technology transfer agreements have been documented to investigate the technological learning patterns. We find different technology acquisition modes determined by latecomers’ focus of knowledge-base: technological for “make” and production for “buy”. We also find that these modes may influence the process of learning-by-doing. In addition, we find how the role of foreign partners influences technology acquisition mode. Whereas an active role results in co-production or co-development arrangement, a passive role leads to the vitalization of reverse engineering. We also shed light on the role of government policy initiatives that facilitate technological learning. Lastly, this paper extensively documented the successful technological learning in South Korea’s T-50 and Brazil’s AMX joint venture projects.
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Papers by Hyungseok (David) Yoon