This article establishes that the ancient city of Malgium is located at modern Tell Yassir. The r... more This article establishes that the ancient city of Malgium is located at modern Tell Yassir. The results of a survey of the site and its surroundings are given together with the publication of a number of new brick inscriptions belonging to early Old Babylonian kings of Malgium.
Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale, Vol. 113., 2019
In this article, fourteen texts from the rescue excavations of Tell Waresh2 in southern Iraq are ... more In this article, fourteen texts from the rescue excavations of Tell Waresh2 in southern Iraq are published. The site was close to Nippur and was destroyed due to hydraulic works in the 1990s. About seventy-two objects with cuneiform writing were discovered, mostly carrying date formulae belonging to the kings of Larsa.
What do we know about Hammurabi's family? This article looks at the familiy members of his dynast... more What do we know about Hammurabi's family? This article looks at the familiy members of his dynasty known from currently published cuneiform texts.
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie
Five micro-studies on Isin’s Old Babylonian kings and Isin history are presented together with an... more Five micro-studies on Isin’s Old Babylonian kings and Isin history are presented together with an updated list of Isin year names.
In this article two Ur III administrative texts (tablet+envelope) are presented in transliteratio... more In this article two Ur III administrative texts (tablet+envelope) are presented in transliteration and translation. They were scanned with an X-ray micro CT-scanner to reveal the contents of the tablets in their envelopes.
In this review article, the 221 Old Babylonian letters published by Andrew George (2018) in CUSAS... more In this review article, the 221 Old Babylonian letters published by Andrew George (2018) in CUSAS 36 are discussed. They stem mostly from southern Iraq covering a period of time between ca. 1880 and 1712 BCE. The most interesting group is the Sumu-El correspondence dated between ca. 1870 and 1865 BCE of which the historical and broader geo-political context during the Isin-Larsa wars is explored. As the provenance of these letters Raḫābum is proposed, an as of yet still not located town in the Larsa kingdom. For the other letters, not belonging to the Sumu-El group, efforts are made to group them together and link them to other text groups such as the Ipqu-Sîn dossier. In addition, it is proposed that a group of letters form a coherent dossier revolving around the Rīm-Sîn (1822-1773 BCE) era military officer Lipit-Ištar. The article ends with additional comments on selected letters, proposing different readings, notes, and additional bibliographical references.
Basilophoric personal names are names that contain the name of a king as an element. Examples are... more Basilophoric personal names are names that contain the name of a king as an element. Examples are "Hammurabi is my god", "Samsī-Addu is my trust", or "Išbi-Erra is the life of the country". This contribution studies the occurrence of basilophoric personal names during the Old Babylonian (OB) period (about 2003-1595 BCE) from a social and political perspective.
This article studies the lives of two men pivotal in the history of (Old Babylonian) Babylon: Sum... more This article studies the lives of two men pivotal in the history of (Old Babylonian) Babylon: Sumu-abum and Sumu-la-El. Sumu-abum was an Amorite tribal and military leader who led groups of Amorite warriors between ca. 1890 and 1860 BCE. He managed to conquer large swaths of northern Babylonian and the Lower Diyala region. In the wake of these conquests, numerous small Amorite kingdoms were set up by his subordinates. The most important one was Sumu-la-El (1880-1845 BCE), who founded the First Dynasty of Babylon. After Sumu-abum's death, Sumu-la-El subjugated several other petty kings in Babylon's vicinity and built a string of fortresses around his territory. Through his actions he formed the core of the Babylonian kingdom.
This article examines a part of the Yaḫrūrum šaplûm archives dated to the reign of Samsu-iluna (1... more This article examines a part of the Yaḫrūrum šaplûm archives dated to the reign of Samsu-iluna (1749–1712 BCE). Soldiers from Uruk and Malgium in Babylonian service were assigned individual parcels of date-palm orchards in return for providing military service, taxes, and seasonal corvée labor. The texts studied in this article are concerned with the corvée labor of these soldiers on state land. Officials issued specific records to the soldiers to account for the work done so they could keep the usufruct of their orchards.
During the early Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1850 BC) several Amorite rulers asserted themsel... more During the early Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1850 BC) several Amorite rulers asserted themselves in Northern Babylonia and the Diyala region. This contribution takes a look at the Amorite tribes settling in these regions and the way in which they were tribally organized. The Amorite tribes and tribal structures changed constantly. This change is evident from the comparisons with the later dated textual material from Mari. Sumu-abum was an influential Amorite leader. From a largely unpublished archive we know that around 1880 BC Sumu-abum played a prominent role in some kind of pan-tribal assembly. It is possible that his death eventually paved the way for Babylon's conquests under king Sumu-la-El.
Jaarbericht van het vooraziatisch-egyptisch genootschap ex oriente lux Journal of the ancient nea... more Jaarbericht van het vooraziatisch-egyptisch genootschap ex oriente lux Journal of the ancient near eastern society " ex oriente lux " annuaire De la sociÉtÉ orientale " ex oriente lux " no. 44 (2012-2013) leiDen 2013 J a a r b e r i c h t " e x o r i e n t e l u x " n o. 4 4 (2 0 1 2-2 0 1 3) new volumes in the series " meDeDelingen en verhanDelingen ex oriente lux " (mveol) 34. J.h. InsInger, In het Land der Nijlcataracten (1883), uitgegeven door m.J. raven. leiden/leuven, 2004. viii + 195 p., 53 ill., 2 maps, 8vo. isbn 90-72690-14-1 / 32,— in this volume the egyptologist dr. raven presents an annotated edition of a manuscript of the Dutch explorer, photographer and art dealer Jan herman insinger (1854-1918), who lived and worked in egypte for almost forty years and part of whose collections and photos are now in the state museum of antiquities in leiden. an introduction on the life and work of insinger is followed by the text of a diary of a journey through the sudanese part of ancient nubia, an area little known to archaeologists, made in 1883, shortly before the revolt of the mahdi. the text describes land and people, geology and water regime, flora and fauna, and also gives information on the mysterious monuments of the various cultures of ancient nubia, most of which have disappeared under the water of lake aswan dam. the volume contains 53 illustrations , 2 maps and indexes. 35. r. van Walsem, Iconography of Old Kingdom Tombs. Analysis & Interpretation, Theoretical and Methodological Aspects, leiden/leuven, 2005, xi + 130 p., 17 ill., 23 schemes, 8vo. isbn 90-72690-15-x / 25,— the very rich and varied subject matter of the decoration in the elite tombs during the old Kingdom from the memphite area justly takes a prominent place in many books on (material culture and art of) ancient egypt. however, the interpretation of the iconographic message(s) by egyptology appears much more problematic than at first sight expected. following an introductory chapter on material culture and art, the complexity, the aspects of the philosophy of science concerning the needed analytical method and theory, and the pluralistic foundation inherent in a scientifically responsible interpretation of these culture expressions are systematically treated. supplementen ex oriente lux Landbouw en Irrigatie in het Oude Nabije Oosten. 144 p., 20 ill., leiden/leuven, 1993. isbn 90-72690-5 / 14,75 this volume in Dutch on agriculture and irrigation in the ancient near east contains contributions by t.g.h. James and e. endesfelder on egypt, by K.r. veenhof on mesopotamia, and by c.h.J. de geus and D.c. hopkins on palestine. several contributions have been translated into Dutch. Geschiedschrijving in het Oude Nabije Oosten. 160 p., leiden/leuven, 2001. isbn 90-72690-12-/ 18,25 six studies on historiography, ideas of history, and types of historical sources in the ancient near east, translated into Dutch and followed by a bibliography. egypt is treated by e. otto and e. hornung, babylonia and assyria by a.K. grayson, h.g. güterbock deals with the hittites, m. weippert and a.J. soggin with ancient israel. Handel in het Nabije Oosten. 128 p., ill. leiden/leuven, 2009. isbn 90-72690-16-6 / 23,— this volume on trade in the ancient near east contains articles by m.t. larsen on trade networks in the near east, by b.J. Kemp and e.w. castle on egypt, by h. Klengel on the hittite empire, and by K.J.h. vriezen on israel/transjordan. four of the articles have been translated into Dutch. brigitte lion en cécile michel, Het spijkerschrift en zijn ontcijfering. 47 p., illustrated. isbn 978-90-72690-17-3 / 20,— this richly illustrated and highly informative booklet contains the story of the decipherment of the cuneiform writings and the rediscovery of the languages and civilisations of the ancient near east.
This article establishes that the ancient city of Malgium is located at modern Tell Yassir. The r... more This article establishes that the ancient city of Malgium is located at modern Tell Yassir. The results of a survey of the site and its surroundings are given together with the publication of a number of new brick inscriptions belonging to early Old Babylonian kings of Malgium.
Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale, Vol. 113., 2019
In this article, fourteen texts from the rescue excavations of Tell Waresh2 in southern Iraq are ... more In this article, fourteen texts from the rescue excavations of Tell Waresh2 in southern Iraq are published. The site was close to Nippur and was destroyed due to hydraulic works in the 1990s. About seventy-two objects with cuneiform writing were discovered, mostly carrying date formulae belonging to the kings of Larsa.
What do we know about Hammurabi's family? This article looks at the familiy members of his dynast... more What do we know about Hammurabi's family? This article looks at the familiy members of his dynasty known from currently published cuneiform texts.
Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie
Five micro-studies on Isin’s Old Babylonian kings and Isin history are presented together with an... more Five micro-studies on Isin’s Old Babylonian kings and Isin history are presented together with an updated list of Isin year names.
In this article two Ur III administrative texts (tablet+envelope) are presented in transliteratio... more In this article two Ur III administrative texts (tablet+envelope) are presented in transliteration and translation. They were scanned with an X-ray micro CT-scanner to reveal the contents of the tablets in their envelopes.
In this review article, the 221 Old Babylonian letters published by Andrew George (2018) in CUSAS... more In this review article, the 221 Old Babylonian letters published by Andrew George (2018) in CUSAS 36 are discussed. They stem mostly from southern Iraq covering a period of time between ca. 1880 and 1712 BCE. The most interesting group is the Sumu-El correspondence dated between ca. 1870 and 1865 BCE of which the historical and broader geo-political context during the Isin-Larsa wars is explored. As the provenance of these letters Raḫābum is proposed, an as of yet still not located town in the Larsa kingdom. For the other letters, not belonging to the Sumu-El group, efforts are made to group them together and link them to other text groups such as the Ipqu-Sîn dossier. In addition, it is proposed that a group of letters form a coherent dossier revolving around the Rīm-Sîn (1822-1773 BCE) era military officer Lipit-Ištar. The article ends with additional comments on selected letters, proposing different readings, notes, and additional bibliographical references.
Basilophoric personal names are names that contain the name of a king as an element. Examples are... more Basilophoric personal names are names that contain the name of a king as an element. Examples are "Hammurabi is my god", "Samsī-Addu is my trust", or "Išbi-Erra is the life of the country". This contribution studies the occurrence of basilophoric personal names during the Old Babylonian (OB) period (about 2003-1595 BCE) from a social and political perspective.
This article studies the lives of two men pivotal in the history of (Old Babylonian) Babylon: Sum... more This article studies the lives of two men pivotal in the history of (Old Babylonian) Babylon: Sumu-abum and Sumu-la-El. Sumu-abum was an Amorite tribal and military leader who led groups of Amorite warriors between ca. 1890 and 1860 BCE. He managed to conquer large swaths of northern Babylonian and the Lower Diyala region. In the wake of these conquests, numerous small Amorite kingdoms were set up by his subordinates. The most important one was Sumu-la-El (1880-1845 BCE), who founded the First Dynasty of Babylon. After Sumu-abum's death, Sumu-la-El subjugated several other petty kings in Babylon's vicinity and built a string of fortresses around his territory. Through his actions he formed the core of the Babylonian kingdom.
This article examines a part of the Yaḫrūrum šaplûm archives dated to the reign of Samsu-iluna (1... more This article examines a part of the Yaḫrūrum šaplûm archives dated to the reign of Samsu-iluna (1749–1712 BCE). Soldiers from Uruk and Malgium in Babylonian service were assigned individual parcels of date-palm orchards in return for providing military service, taxes, and seasonal corvée labor. The texts studied in this article are concerned with the corvée labor of these soldiers on state land. Officials issued specific records to the soldiers to account for the work done so they could keep the usufruct of their orchards.
During the early Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1850 BC) several Amorite rulers asserted themsel... more During the early Old Babylonian period (ca. 2000-1850 BC) several Amorite rulers asserted themselves in Northern Babylonia and the Diyala region. This contribution takes a look at the Amorite tribes settling in these regions and the way in which they were tribally organized. The Amorite tribes and tribal structures changed constantly. This change is evident from the comparisons with the later dated textual material from Mari. Sumu-abum was an influential Amorite leader. From a largely unpublished archive we know that around 1880 BC Sumu-abum played a prominent role in some kind of pan-tribal assembly. It is possible that his death eventually paved the way for Babylon's conquests under king Sumu-la-El.
Jaarbericht van het vooraziatisch-egyptisch genootschap ex oriente lux Journal of the ancient nea... more Jaarbericht van het vooraziatisch-egyptisch genootschap ex oriente lux Journal of the ancient near eastern society " ex oriente lux " annuaire De la sociÉtÉ orientale " ex oriente lux " no. 44 (2012-2013) leiDen 2013 J a a r b e r i c h t " e x o r i e n t e l u x " n o. 4 4 (2 0 1 2-2 0 1 3) new volumes in the series " meDeDelingen en verhanDelingen ex oriente lux " (mveol) 34. J.h. InsInger, In het Land der Nijlcataracten (1883), uitgegeven door m.J. raven. leiden/leuven, 2004. viii + 195 p., 53 ill., 2 maps, 8vo. isbn 90-72690-14-1 / 32,— in this volume the egyptologist dr. raven presents an annotated edition of a manuscript of the Dutch explorer, photographer and art dealer Jan herman insinger (1854-1918), who lived and worked in egypte for almost forty years and part of whose collections and photos are now in the state museum of antiquities in leiden. an introduction on the life and work of insinger is followed by the text of a diary of a journey through the sudanese part of ancient nubia, an area little known to archaeologists, made in 1883, shortly before the revolt of the mahdi. the text describes land and people, geology and water regime, flora and fauna, and also gives information on the mysterious monuments of the various cultures of ancient nubia, most of which have disappeared under the water of lake aswan dam. the volume contains 53 illustrations , 2 maps and indexes. 35. r. van Walsem, Iconography of Old Kingdom Tombs. Analysis & Interpretation, Theoretical and Methodological Aspects, leiden/leuven, 2005, xi + 130 p., 17 ill., 23 schemes, 8vo. isbn 90-72690-15-x / 25,— the very rich and varied subject matter of the decoration in the elite tombs during the old Kingdom from the memphite area justly takes a prominent place in many books on (material culture and art of) ancient egypt. however, the interpretation of the iconographic message(s) by egyptology appears much more problematic than at first sight expected. following an introductory chapter on material culture and art, the complexity, the aspects of the philosophy of science concerning the needed analytical method and theory, and the pluralistic foundation inherent in a scientifically responsible interpretation of these culture expressions are systematically treated. supplementen ex oriente lux Landbouw en Irrigatie in het Oude Nabije Oosten. 144 p., 20 ill., leiden/leuven, 1993. isbn 90-72690-5 / 14,75 this volume in Dutch on agriculture and irrigation in the ancient near east contains contributions by t.g.h. James and e. endesfelder on egypt, by K.r. veenhof on mesopotamia, and by c.h.J. de geus and D.c. hopkins on palestine. several contributions have been translated into Dutch. Geschiedschrijving in het Oude Nabije Oosten. 160 p., leiden/leuven, 2001. isbn 90-72690-12-/ 18,25 six studies on historiography, ideas of history, and types of historical sources in the ancient near east, translated into Dutch and followed by a bibliography. egypt is treated by e. otto and e. hornung, babylonia and assyria by a.K. grayson, h.g. güterbock deals with the hittites, m. weippert and a.J. soggin with ancient israel. Handel in het Nabije Oosten. 128 p., ill. leiden/leuven, 2009. isbn 90-72690-16-6 / 23,— this volume on trade in the ancient near east contains articles by m.t. larsen on trade networks in the near east, by b.J. Kemp and e.w. castle on egypt, by h. Klengel on the hittite empire, and by K.J.h. vriezen on israel/transjordan. four of the articles have been translated into Dutch. brigitte lion en cécile michel, Het spijkerschrift en zijn ontcijfering. 47 p., illustrated. isbn 978-90-72690-17-3 / 20,— this richly illustrated and highly informative booklet contains the story of the decipherment of the cuneiform writings and the rediscovery of the languages and civilisations of the ancient near east.
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with the corvée labor of these soldiers on state land. Officials issued specific records to the soldiers to account for the work done so they could keep the usufruct of their orchards.
with the corvée labor of these soldiers on state land. Officials issued specific records to the soldiers to account for the work done so they could keep the usufruct of their orchards.