Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Frama-C, A Collaborative Framework for C Code Verification: Tutorial Synopsis

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Runtime Verification (RV 2016)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 10012))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Frama-C is a source code analysis platform that aims at conducting verification of industrial-size C programs. It provides its users with a collection of plug-ins that perform static and dynamic analysis for safety- and security-critical software. Collaborative verification across cooperating plug-ins is enabled by their integration on top of a shared kernel, and their compliance to a common specification language, ACSL.

This paper presents a three-hour tutorial on Frama-C in which we provide a comprehensive overview of its most important plug-ins: the abstract-interpretation based plug-in Value, the deductive verification tool WP, the runtime verification tool E-ACSL and the test generation tool PathCrawler. We also emphasize different possible collaborations between these plug-ins and a few others. The presentation is illustrated on concrete examples of C programs.

This work has received funding for the S3P project from French DGE and BPIFrance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    unlike many other Frama-C analyzers, PathCrawler is currently not open source but is available through the online test generation service http://pathcrawler-online.com.

  2. 2.

    This goal is not yet reached but progress is regularly made in that direction and it is still an objective (which is not shared by other widely used tools, as far as we know).

  3. 3.

    See https://tls.mbed.org/.

  4. 4.

    Interval arithmetic guarantees that the product of two numbers of the same sign is positive here.

  5. 5.

    Unlike the ISO C99 standard, ACSL and E-ACSL explicitly specify the semantics of cast overflows through modular interpretations (see ACSL reference manual [3, Sect. 2.2.4]).

  6. 6.

    The generated code shown in this paper is compliant with a 64-bit x86 architecture.

  7. 7.

    It actually takes additional arguments in order to provide informative user feedback when a property is violated. They are omitted for clarity.

  8. 8.

    The C99 semantics of subtraction ensures that, in the generated code, is converted to through the usual arithmetic conversion before computing the subtraction (see ISO C99 standard [32, Sects. 6.3.1.8 and 6.5.6]).

  9. 9.

    See http://gmplib.org/.

References

  1. Boulanger, J.L. (ed.): Industrial Use of Formal Methods: Formal Verification. Wiley-ISTE, New York (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kirchner, F., Kosmatov, N., Prevosto, V., Signoles, J., Yakobowski, B.: Frama-C: a software analysis perspective. Formal Aspects Comput. 27(3), 573–609 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Baudin, P., Filliâtre, J.C., Hubert, T., Marché, C., Monate, B., Moy, Y., Prevosto, V.: ACSL: ANSI/ISO C Specification Language. http://frama-c.com/acsl.html

  4. Kosmatov, N., Williams, N., Botella, B., Roger, M., Chebaro, O.: A lesson on structural testing with PathCrawler-online.com. In: Brucker, A.D., Julliand, J. (eds.) TAP 2012. LNCS, vol. 7305, pp. 169–175. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30473-6_15

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Williams, N., Kosmatov, N.: Structural testing with PathCrawler: tutorial synopsis. In: International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC 2012), pp. 289–292. IEEE (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kosmatov, N., Prevosto, V., Signoles, J.: A lesson on proof of programs with frama-C. Invited Tutorial Paper. In: Veanes, M., Viganò, L. (eds.) TAP 2013. LNCS, vol. 7942, pp. 168–177. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38916-0_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Kosmatov, N., Signoles, J.: A lesson on runtime assertion checking with frama-C. In: Legay, A., Bensalem, S. (eds.) RV 2013. LNCS, vol. 8174, pp. 386–399. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40787-1_29

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Kosmatov, N., Signoles, J.: Runtime assertion checking and its combinations with static and dynamic analyses. In: Seidl, M., Tillmann, N. (eds.) TAP 2014. LNCS, vol. 8570, pp. 165–168. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09099-3_13

    Google Scholar 

  9. Baudin, P., Bobot, F., Correnson, L., Dargaye, Z.: WP plug-in manual. http://frama-c.com/wp.html

  10. Cuoq, P., Yakobowski, B., Prevosto, V.: Frama-C’s value analysis plug-in. http://frama-c.com/download/value-analysis.pdf

  11. Delahaye, M., Kosmatov, N., Signoles, J.: Common specification language for static and dynamic analysis of C programs. In: the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC 2013), pp. 1230–1235. ACM (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Signoles, J.: E-ACSL user manual. http://frama-c.com/download/e-acsl/e-acsl-manual.pdf

  13. Williams, N., Marre, B., Mouy, P., Roger, M.: PathCrawler: automatic generation of path tests by combining static and dynamic analysis. In: Cin, M., Kaâniche, M., Pataricza, A. (eds.) EDCC 2005. LNCS, vol. 3463, pp. 281–292. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). doi:10.1007/11408901_21

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Botella, B., Delahaye, M., Hong-Tuan-Ha, S., Kosmatov, N., Mouy, P., Roger, M., Williams, N.: Automating structural testing of C programs: experience with PathCrawler. In: International Workshop on Automation of Software Test (AST 2009), pp. 70–78. IEEE (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Cuoq, P., Signoles, J.: Experience report: Ocaml for an industrial-strength static analysis framework. In: International Confererence on Functional Programming (ICFP 2009), pp. 281–286 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Signoles, J.: Software architecture of code analysis frameworks matters: the Frama-C example. In: Workshop on Formal Integrated Development Environment (F-IDE 2015), pp. 86–96 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Correnson, L., Signoles, J.: Combining analyses for C program verification. In: Stoelinga, M., Pinger, R. (eds.) FMICS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7437, pp. 108–130. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32469-7_8

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Meyer, B.: Object-oriented Software Construction. Object-oriented Series, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, New York (1997)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Leavens, G.T., Cheon, Y., Clifton, C., Ruby, C., Cok, D.R.: How the design of JML accommodates both runtime assertion checking and formal verification. In: Boer, F.S., Bonsangue, M.M., Graf, S., Roever, W.-P. (eds.) FMCO 2002. LNCS, vol. 2852, pp. 262–284. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-39656-7_11

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Dijkstra, E.W.: Guarded commands, nondeterminacy and formal derivation of programs. Commun. ACM 18(8), 453–457 (1975)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Correnson, L.: Qed. Computing what remains to be proved. In: Badger, J.M., Rozier, K.Y. (eds.) NFM 2014. LNCS, vol. 8430, pp. 215–229. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06200-6_17

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Burghardt, J., Gerlach, J., Lapawczyk, T.: ACSL by example (2016). https://gitlab.fokus.fraunhofer.de/verification/open-acslbyexample/blob/master/ACSL-by-Example.pdf

  23. Cousot, P., Cousot, R.: Abstract interpretation: a unified lattice model for static analysis of programs by construction or approximation of fixpoints. In: Principles of Programming Languages (POPL 1977), pp. 238–252. ACM Press (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Deutsch, A.: Static verification of dynamic properties. PolySpace White Paper (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Cousot, P., Cousot, R., Feret, J., Mauborgne, L., Min, A., Monniaux, D., Rival, X.: The ASTRE analyzer. In: Sagiv, M. (ed.) ESOP 2005. LNCS, vol. 3444, pp. 21–30. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Feret, J.: Static analysis of digital filters. In: Schmidt, D. (ed.) ESOP 2004. LNCS, vol. 2986, pp. 33–48. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-24725-8_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Berthomé, P., Heydemann, K., Kauffmann-Tourkestansky, X., Lalande, J.F.: Attack model for verification of interval security properties for smart card C codes. In: Programming Languages and Analysis for Security (PLAS 2010), pp. 1–12. ACM (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Cuoq, P., Delmas, D., Duprat, S., Moya Lamiel, V.: Fan-C, a Frama-C plug-in for data flow verification. In: Embedded Real-Time Software and Systems Congress (ERTS22012) (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Demay, J.C., Totel, E., Tronel, F.: SIDAN: a tool dedicated to software instrumentation for detecting attacks on non-control-data. In: International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems (CRiSIS 2009), pp. 51–58. IEEE (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  30. TrustInSoft: tis-ct blog post. http://trust-in-soft.com/tis-ct/

  31. Bonichon, R., Cuoq, P.: A mergeable interval map. Studia Inform. Univ. 9(1), 5–37 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  32. ISO/IEC 9899:1999: Programming languages – C

    Google Scholar 

  33. Mauborgne, L., Rival, X.: Trace partitioning in abstract interpretation based static analyzers. In: Sagiv, M. (ed.) ESOP 2005. LNCS, vol. 3444, pp. 5–20. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-31987-0_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Jeannet, B., Miné, A.: Apron: a library of numerical abstract domains for static analysis. In: Computer Aided Verification (CAV 2009), pp. 661–667 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Venet, A.J.: The gauge domain: scalable analysis of linear inequality invariants. In: Madhusudan, P., Seshia, S.A. (eds.) CAV 2012. LNCS, vol. 7358, pp. 139–154. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31424-7_15

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Signoles, J.: E-ACSL: Executable ANSI/ISO C Specification Language, May 2015. http://frama-c.com/download/e-acsl/e-acsl.pdf

  37. Chalin, P.: Engineering a sound assertion semantics for the verifying compiler. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 36, 275–287 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Falcone, Y., Havelund, K., Reger, G.: A tutorial on runtime verification. In: Broy, M., Peled, D., Kalus, G. (eds.) Engineering Dependable Software Systems. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - D: Information and Communication Security, vol. 34, pp. 141–175. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Bartocci, E., Bonakdarpour, B., Falcone, Y., Colombo, C., Decker, N., Klaedtke, F., Havelund, K., Joshi, Y., Milewicz, R., Reger, G., Rosu, G., Signoles, J., Thoma, D., Zalinescu, E., Zhang., Y.: First International Competition on Runtime Verification. Rules, Benchmarks, Tools and Final Results of CRV 2014 (Submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Jakobsson, A., Kosmatov, N., Signoles, J.: Rester statique pour devenir plus rapide, plus précis et plus mince. In: Journes Francophones des Langages Applicatifs (JFLA 2015) (2015) (in French)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kosmatov, N., Petiot, G., Signoles, J.: An optimized memory monitoring for runtime assertion checking of C programs. In: Legay, A., Bensalem, S. (eds.) RV 2013. LNCS, vol. 8174, pp. 167–182. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40787-1_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  42. Jakobsson, A., Kosmatov, N., Signoles, J.: Expressive as a tree: optimized memory monitoring for C (Submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Cadar, C., Godefroid, P., Khurshid, S., Pasareanu, C.S., Sen, K., Tillmann, N., Visser, W.: Symbolic execution for software testing in practice: preliminary assessment. In: International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2011), pp. 1066–1071. ACM (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Bardin, S., Kosmatov, N., Cheynier, F.: Efficient leveraging of symbolic execution to advanced coverage criteria. In: International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST 2014), pp. 173–182. IEEE (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Bardin, S., Chebaro, O., Delahaye, M., Kosmatov, N.: An all-in-one toolkit for automated white-box testing. In: Seidl, M., Tillmann, N. (eds.) TAP 2014. LNCS, vol. 8570, pp. 53–60. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09099-3_4

    Google Scholar 

  46. Chebaro, O., Kosmatov, N., Giorgetti, A., Julliand, J.: Program slicing enhances a verification technique combining static and dynamic analysis. In: The ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC 2012), pp. 1284–1291. ACM (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Chebaro, O., Cuoq, P., Kosmatov, N., Marre, B., Pacalet, A., Williams, N., Yakobowski, B.: Behind the scenes in SANTE: a combination of static and dynamic analyses. Autom. Softw. Eng. 21(1), 107–143 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Kiss, B., Kosmatov, N., Pariente, D., Puccetti, A.: Combining static and dynamic analyses for vulnerability detection: illustration on heartbleed. In: Piterman, N. (ed.) HVC 2015. LNCS, vol. 9434, pp. 39–50. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26287-1_3

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  49. Petiot, G., Kosmatov, N., Botella, B., Giorgetti, A., Julliand, J.: Your proof fails? Testing helps to find the reason. In: Aichernig, B.K.K., Furia, C.A.A. (eds.) TAP 2016. LNCS, vol. 9762, pp. 130–150. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41135-4_8

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  50. Bardin, S., Delahaye, M., David, R., Kosmatov, N., Papadakis, M., Traon, Y.L., Marion, J.: Sound and quasi-complete detection of infeasible test requirements. In: International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST 2015), pp. 1–10. IEEE (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Bishop, P.G., Bloomfield, R.E., Cyra, L.: Combining testing and proof to gain high assurance in software: a case study. In: International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 2013), pp. 248–257. IEEE (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Cuoq, P., Hilsenkopf, P., Kirchner, F., Labb, S., Thuy, N., Yakobowski, B.: Formal verification of software important to safety using the Frama-C tool suite. In: International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control and Human Machine Interface Technologies (NPIC & HMIT) (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Delmas, D., Duprat, S., Moya-Lamiel, V., Signoles, J.: Taster, a Frama-C plug-in to enforce coding standards. In: Embedded Real-Time Software and Systems Congress (ERTS22010)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Pariente, D., Ledinot, E.: Formal verification of industrial C code using Frama-C: a case study. In: International Conference on Formal Verification of Object-Oriented Software (FoVeOOS 2010) (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Ceara, D., Mounier, L., Potet, M.L.: Taint dependency sequences: A characterization of insecure execution paths based on input-sensitive cause sequences. In: the 3rd International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW 2010), pp. 371–380 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Ayache, N., Amadio, R., Régis-Gianas, Y.: Certifying and reasoning on cost annotations in C programs. In: Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems (FMICS 2012) (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Carvalho, N., Silva Sousa, C., Pinto, J.S., Tomb, A.: Formal verification of kLIBC with the WP frama-C plug-in. In: Badger, J.M., Rozier, K.Y. (eds.) NFM 2014. LNCS, vol. 8430, pp. 343–358. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06200-6_29

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  58. Gavran, I., Niksic, F., Kanade, A., Majumdar, R., Vafeiadis, V.: Rely/guarantee reasoning for asynchronous programs. In: International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2015), pp. 483–496 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Nguena-Timo, O., Langelier, G.: Test data generation for cyclic executives with CBMC and frama-C: a case study. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 320, 35–51 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CEA, LIST, Software Reliability and Security Laboratory, PC 174, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Nikolai Kosmatov & Julien Signoles

Authors
  1. Nikolai Kosmatov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Julien Signoles
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julien Signoles .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Université Grenoble Alpes, Inria, Grenoble, France

    Yliès Falcone

  2. IMDEA Software Institute, Madrid, Spain

    César Sánchez

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Kosmatov, N., Signoles, J. (2016). Frama-C, A Collaborative Framework for C Code Verification: Tutorial Synopsis. In: Falcone, Y., Sánchez, C. (eds) Runtime Verification. RV 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10012. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46982-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46982-9_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-46981-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-46982-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics