В статье изложены результаты исследования особенностей визуального опознания русскоязычных звукои... more В статье изложены результаты исследования особенностей визуального опознания русскоязычных звукоизобразительных (ЗИ) слов носителями языка (N = 106) с помощью метода «Методика принятия лексического решения». Каждому испытуемому было предъявлено 128 стимулов, из которых 64 являлись не-словами и 64 — целевыми стимулами. Целевые стимулы в равных частях были представлены нейтральными (не-ЗИ) словами и ЗИ словами (по 32 слова). ЗИ слова были распределены на 4 равные группы (по 8 слов) по принципу снижения степени иконичности, понимаемой как утрата звукоизобразительности в процессе эволюции языка, таким образом, что к 1-й группе относились наиболее явные ЗИ слова, а, соответственно, к 4-й — полностью деиконизированные ЗИ слова. Целевые стимулы представлены односложными низкочастотными словами (от 0.4 imp до 18.3 imp, M = 5.3 imp). В результате исследования были выявлены показатели скорости и точности опознания ЗИ стимулов в зависимости от стадии деиконизации (утраты ЗИ). Обнаружилось, что...
Introduction. The present article is aiming to describe the procedure of stimuli selection for th... more Introduction. The present article is aiming to describe the procedure of stimuli selection for the psycho-semantic experiment on visual perception of imitative words in native (Russian) and non-native language (English). The methodology of the experiment is predominantly based on the implementation of the “lexical decision” method. Thus, the aim of the article is to verify the procedure of and to define clear-cut criteria for the material selection. In particular, we introduce indicating de-iconization stage of imitative words as an important criterion for data pre-selection. De-iconization is a gradual loss of an iconic sound-sense link in an imitative word due to the parallel impact of regular sound changes and semantic shifts.Methodology and sources. The research methodology is based on the works ofS. V. Voronin who is the founder of phonosemantics as a linguistic discipline inRussia, as well as on works of his followers (including a co-author of this paper, M. A. Flaksma...
The article deals with the problem of diachronic development of onomatopoeic lexicon and discusse... more The article deals with the problem of diachronic development of onomatopoeic lexicon and discusses how regular sound changes affect imitative words. The classification according to the degrees of the impact of regular sound changes is devised and applied to the bulk of English sound-imitative words. The aim of the article is to establish which regular sound changes of the English language had the most detrimental effect. In order to achieve this aim, all major English regular sound changes are classified into phonosemantically significant and phonosemantically insignificant. This classification is based on the use of methods of historical-comparative linguistics and etymological analysis. The main result is the revelation of the fact that not all regular sound changes are equally detrimental to the iconic lexicon of a language. They are only so if: 1) touch upon salient, meaning-bearing phonemes of an iconic word; 2) change the original phonotype of a phoneme; and 3) take place when...
Iconic words constitute an integral part of the lexicon of a language, exhibiting form-meaning re... more Iconic words constitute an integral part of the lexicon of a language, exhibiting form-meaning resemblance. Over the course of time, semantic and phonetic transformations “weaken” the degree of iconicity of a word. This iconicity loss is known as the process of de-iconization, which is divided into four stages, and, at each consecutive stage, the degree of a word’s iconicity is reduced. The current experimental study is the first to compare and contrast how English (N = 50) and Russian (N = 106) subjects recognize visually presented native iconic words (N = 32). Our aim is two-fold: first, to identify native speakers’ ability to perceive the fine-grained division of iconicity; and second, to control for the influence of participants’ native languages. This enables us to provide a more exhaustive analysis of the role of iconicity in word recognition and to combine empirical results with a theoretical perspective. The findings showed that the speakers of these languages are not equall...
Flaksman, M. A. Preservation of long vowels in onomatopoeic words denoting pure tones: phonoseman... more Flaksman, M. A. Preservation of long vowels in onomatopoeic words denoting pure tones: phonosemantic inertia / Материалы международной конференции Индоевропейское языкознание и классическая филология XVII (чтения памяти И.М. Тронского), 24-26 июня 2013. – СПб.: Наука, 2013. – С. 917-923. Phonosemantic inertia is a rare phenomenon when an iconic (onomatopoeic or sound symbolic) word can withstand regular phonetic changes undergone by the majority of the words belonging to the corresponding etymological class if these changes obscure the sound-sense link existing between the shape of the word and its meaning. In English the process and its outcomes can be detected upon studying the concrete textual examples of the words’ diachronic development. The analysis of the discovered cases of phonosemantic inertia allows us to make suggestions about the conditions under which it occurs.
Introduction. The universal classification of onomatopoeic words was first introduced in 1969 by ... more Introduction. The universal classification of onomatopoeic words was first introduced in 1969 by Stanislav V. Voronin. In the course of the following fifty years it has been tested on the material of typologically different languages both by the author himself and by other researchers. The aim of this article is to provide a full description of the classification (which has never been published in English before) and to examine its key points critically. The bulk of empirical data collected in the recent years calls for yet another update on the classification. There is a logical contradiction between such classes of onomatopoeic words as frequentatives and frequentatives-(quasi)-instants-continuants. They overlap typologically. This and other minor issues are solved in the present paper.Methodology and sources. The method discussed and applied in the classification is the method of phonosemantic analysis introduced by S. V. Voronin. Empirical data from English and other relevant la...
The study of iconicity, i.e., of a link between form and meaning in a word based on similarity, h... more The study of iconicity, i.e., of a link between form and meaning in a word based on similarity, has gained increased attention in recent years. Although recent research has shown an important role of iconicity for first language acquisition, its role for the second language (L2) acquisition is still unclear, neither is it understood how the perception of imitative words depends on their iconic expressiveness. We applied a multivariate experimental plan with repeated measurements and experimental and control stimuli to study visual recognition of English iconic (imitative) words at four stages of de-iconization (SDs) by native speakers of Russian (N = 106) using a lexical decision task. The participants were presented with an experimental stimulus and had to decide as rapidly as possible whether a visually presented letter string was a word or not. The method of diachronic evaluation was used to group the pre-selected imitative words into four categories where SD-1 words are the most...
Introduction. The present paper is a critical study of the classification methodology introduced ... more Introduction. The present paper is a critical study of the classification methodology introduced by S. V. Voronin in 1969. The phonosemantic classification of onomatopoeic (sound imitative) words has been tested on the material of typologically different languages and, in general, has proven itself successful. However, the bulk of empirical evidence calls for minor updates on the classification. The first part of the article contained a detailed description of the classification and a critical analysis of its various aspects. This (the second) part contains suggestions as how to overcome the highlighted difficulties. Methodology and sources. The method applied in the classification is the method of phonosemantic analysis which was introduced by S. V. Voronin. The present article explores the possibilities of its application on data from English and other relevant languages. Results and discussion. The critical analysis of the universal classification of the onomatopoeic words conducted in the first part of the article revealed the presence of several overlapping classes and hyperclasses, as well as other minor inconsistencies. The introduction of additional hyper-classes and re-classification of frequentatives helps to overcome these difficulties. Thus, I move frequentatives-instants and frequentatives-continuants from the class "frequentatives" to form a hyper-class of their own, leaving what were Voronin's "pure" frequentatives in the former class of frequentatives. I also introduce poly-syllabic onomatopoeic words into the classification. Conclusion. The introduced changes do not not undermine the key principles of the Universal classification formulated by S. V. Voronin but help its practical implementation on the material of typologically different languages. Part-2
[ENG] The universal classification of onomatopoeic words was first introduced in 1969 by Stanisla... more [ENG] The universal classification of onomatopoeic words was first introduced in 1969 by Stanislav V. Voronin. In the course of the following fifty years it has been tested on the material of typologically different languages both by the author himself and by other researchers. The first part of this paper is devoted to the description of the classification and to the discussion of its advantages and limitations. In the second part of the article some possible solutions to the detected problems are suggested. Part-1
INDO-EUROPEAN LINGUISTICS AND CLASSICAL PHILOLOGYXXIII (Joseph M. Tronsky memorial Conference). Proceedings of the International Conference, St. Petersburg, 24–26 June, 2019 / edited by Nikolai N. Kazansky. Part II (pp. 635–1208). St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2019
The article is devoted to the study of imitative (iconic, onomatopoeic,
sound symbolic) words fro... more The article is devoted to the study of imitative (iconic, onomatopoeic, sound symbolic) words from the diachronic perspective. The main questions discussed are the number of imitated words in the lexicon and their age. The material for the study includes 1500 Modern English and 300 Old English onomatopoeic and sound symbolic words selected by continuous sampling from relevant etymological dictionaries. Examples are drawn from other languages of the Indo-European family – Gothic, Old Norse, Icelandic, German, Russian and other. The main conclusion of the article is that imitative words existing in modern languages are not likely to be old coinages, which suggests that the historical-comparative reconstruction of onomatopoeic and sound symbolic roots should be conducted with great caution.
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences , 2018
The article deals with the problem of diachronic development of onomatopoeic lexicon and discusse... more The article deals with the problem of diachronic development of onomatopoeic lexicon and discusses how regular sound changes affect imitative words. The classification according to the degrees of the impact of regular sound changes is devised and applied to the bulk of English sound-imitative words. The aim of the article is to establish which regular sound changes of the English language had the most detrimental effect. In order to achieve this aim, all major English regular sound changes are classified into phonosemantically significant and phonosemantically insignificant. This classification is based on the use of methods of historical-comparative linguistics and etymological analysis. The main result is the revelation of the fact that not all regular sound changes are equally detrimental to the iconic lexicon of a language. They are only so if: 1) touch upon salient, meaning-bearing phonemes of an iconic word; 2) change the original phonotype of a phoneme; and 3) take place when the word still retains its original sound-meaning coherence. The devised classification is potentially universal and applicable to the onomatopoeic lexicons of related and unrelated languages.
This article is devoted to the study of imitative (onomatopoeic and mimetic) lexicon of the Anglo... more This article is devoted to the study of imitative (onomatopoeic and mimetic) lexicon of the Anglo- Saxon poem Beowulf. The poem is, probably, the most well-known work of Anglo-Saxon literature, characterized by its archaic language as well by its expressivity. The study focuses on quantitative and contextual analysis of the imitative words found in the poem from diachronic perspective. Materials and methods. Methods for the research include the method of continuous sampling, etymological analysis, historical-comparative analysis, elements of quantitative analysis, and the method of phonosemantic analysis. The study is conducted on the material of the full unabridged version of the Anglo- Saxon poem Beowulf written in Old English. Results. The results have revealed that all imitative words in the poem can be divided into three major semantic categories: 1) words denoting sounds of battle; 2) words denoting grief; 3) words denoting singing and playing musical instruments. There are altogether 43 imitative words identified in Beowulf, used 134 times. The calculations have shown that only 15 (or 35 %) out of them have been preserved since Old English. Discussion. We suggest the following reasons for the possible obsolesce of the Old English imitative words: 1) their replacement by the French loans, 2) their belonging to poetic language and subsequent fall out of use, 3) their replacement by other, newly-coined English imitative words. The last argument we deem as the most probable. The iconic treadmill hypothesis introduced earlier explains that the mass obsolesce of the Beowulf’s imitative words might have been caused by natural, evolutionary processes - regular sense and meaning development leading to the expressivity loss and overall de-iconization of the language's imitative lexicon. Conclusions. The study of the poem demonstrated the diversity and dynamic nature of the English imitative lexicon as well as revealed the underlying tendency of imitative words' de-iconization and replacement on the later stages of the language's development.
В статье изложены результаты исследования особенностей визуального опознания русскоязычных звукои... more В статье изложены результаты исследования особенностей визуального опознания русскоязычных звукоизобразительных (ЗИ) слов носителями языка (N = 106) с помощью метода «Методика принятия лексического решения». Каждому испытуемому было предъявлено 128 стимулов, из которых 64 являлись не-словами и 64 — целевыми стимулами. Целевые стимулы в равных частях были представлены нейтральными (не-ЗИ) словами и ЗИ словами (по 32 слова). ЗИ слова были распределены на 4 равные группы (по 8 слов) по принципу снижения степени иконичности, понимаемой как утрата звукоизобразительности в процессе эволюции языка, таким образом, что к 1-й группе относились наиболее явные ЗИ слова, а, соответственно, к 4-й — полностью деиконизированные ЗИ слова. Целевые стимулы представлены односложными низкочастотными словами (от 0.4 imp до 18.3 imp, M = 5.3 imp). В результате исследования были выявлены показатели скорости и точности опознания ЗИ стимулов в зависимости от стадии деиконизации (утраты ЗИ). Обнаружилось, что...
Introduction. The present article is aiming to describe the procedure of stimuli selection for th... more Introduction. The present article is aiming to describe the procedure of stimuli selection for the psycho-semantic experiment on visual perception of imitative words in native (Russian) and non-native language (English). The methodology of the experiment is predominantly based on the implementation of the “lexical decision” method. Thus, the aim of the article is to verify the procedure of and to define clear-cut criteria for the material selection. In particular, we introduce indicating de-iconization stage of imitative words as an important criterion for data pre-selection. De-iconization is a gradual loss of an iconic sound-sense link in an imitative word due to the parallel impact of regular sound changes and semantic shifts.Methodology and sources. The research methodology is based on the works ofS. V. Voronin who is the founder of phonosemantics as a linguistic discipline inRussia, as well as on works of his followers (including a co-author of this paper, M. A. Flaksma...
The article deals with the problem of diachronic development of onomatopoeic lexicon and discusse... more The article deals with the problem of diachronic development of onomatopoeic lexicon and discusses how regular sound changes affect imitative words. The classification according to the degrees of the impact of regular sound changes is devised and applied to the bulk of English sound-imitative words. The aim of the article is to establish which regular sound changes of the English language had the most detrimental effect. In order to achieve this aim, all major English regular sound changes are classified into phonosemantically significant and phonosemantically insignificant. This classification is based on the use of methods of historical-comparative linguistics and etymological analysis. The main result is the revelation of the fact that not all regular sound changes are equally detrimental to the iconic lexicon of a language. They are only so if: 1) touch upon salient, meaning-bearing phonemes of an iconic word; 2) change the original phonotype of a phoneme; and 3) take place when...
Iconic words constitute an integral part of the lexicon of a language, exhibiting form-meaning re... more Iconic words constitute an integral part of the lexicon of a language, exhibiting form-meaning resemblance. Over the course of time, semantic and phonetic transformations “weaken” the degree of iconicity of a word. This iconicity loss is known as the process of de-iconization, which is divided into four stages, and, at each consecutive stage, the degree of a word’s iconicity is reduced. The current experimental study is the first to compare and contrast how English (N = 50) and Russian (N = 106) subjects recognize visually presented native iconic words (N = 32). Our aim is two-fold: first, to identify native speakers’ ability to perceive the fine-grained division of iconicity; and second, to control for the influence of participants’ native languages. This enables us to provide a more exhaustive analysis of the role of iconicity in word recognition and to combine empirical results with a theoretical perspective. The findings showed that the speakers of these languages are not equall...
Flaksman, M. A. Preservation of long vowels in onomatopoeic words denoting pure tones: phonoseman... more Flaksman, M. A. Preservation of long vowels in onomatopoeic words denoting pure tones: phonosemantic inertia / Материалы международной конференции Индоевропейское языкознание и классическая филология XVII (чтения памяти И.М. Тронского), 24-26 июня 2013. – СПб.: Наука, 2013. – С. 917-923. Phonosemantic inertia is a rare phenomenon when an iconic (onomatopoeic or sound symbolic) word can withstand regular phonetic changes undergone by the majority of the words belonging to the corresponding etymological class if these changes obscure the sound-sense link existing between the shape of the word and its meaning. In English the process and its outcomes can be detected upon studying the concrete textual examples of the words’ diachronic development. The analysis of the discovered cases of phonosemantic inertia allows us to make suggestions about the conditions under which it occurs.
Introduction. The universal classification of onomatopoeic words was first introduced in 1969 by ... more Introduction. The universal classification of onomatopoeic words was first introduced in 1969 by Stanislav V. Voronin. In the course of the following fifty years it has been tested on the material of typologically different languages both by the author himself and by other researchers. The aim of this article is to provide a full description of the classification (which has never been published in English before) and to examine its key points critically. The bulk of empirical data collected in the recent years calls for yet another update on the classification. There is a logical contradiction between such classes of onomatopoeic words as frequentatives and frequentatives-(quasi)-instants-continuants. They overlap typologically. This and other minor issues are solved in the present paper.Methodology and sources. The method discussed and applied in the classification is the method of phonosemantic analysis introduced by S. V. Voronin. Empirical data from English and other relevant la...
The study of iconicity, i.e., of a link between form and meaning in a word based on similarity, h... more The study of iconicity, i.e., of a link between form and meaning in a word based on similarity, has gained increased attention in recent years. Although recent research has shown an important role of iconicity for first language acquisition, its role for the second language (L2) acquisition is still unclear, neither is it understood how the perception of imitative words depends on their iconic expressiveness. We applied a multivariate experimental plan with repeated measurements and experimental and control stimuli to study visual recognition of English iconic (imitative) words at four stages of de-iconization (SDs) by native speakers of Russian (N = 106) using a lexical decision task. The participants were presented with an experimental stimulus and had to decide as rapidly as possible whether a visually presented letter string was a word or not. The method of diachronic evaluation was used to group the pre-selected imitative words into four categories where SD-1 words are the most...
Introduction. The present paper is a critical study of the classification methodology introduced ... more Introduction. The present paper is a critical study of the classification methodology introduced by S. V. Voronin in 1969. The phonosemantic classification of onomatopoeic (sound imitative) words has been tested on the material of typologically different languages and, in general, has proven itself successful. However, the bulk of empirical evidence calls for minor updates on the classification. The first part of the article contained a detailed description of the classification and a critical analysis of its various aspects. This (the second) part contains suggestions as how to overcome the highlighted difficulties. Methodology and sources. The method applied in the classification is the method of phonosemantic analysis which was introduced by S. V. Voronin. The present article explores the possibilities of its application on data from English and other relevant languages. Results and discussion. The critical analysis of the universal classification of the onomatopoeic words conducted in the first part of the article revealed the presence of several overlapping classes and hyperclasses, as well as other minor inconsistencies. The introduction of additional hyper-classes and re-classification of frequentatives helps to overcome these difficulties. Thus, I move frequentatives-instants and frequentatives-continuants from the class "frequentatives" to form a hyper-class of their own, leaving what were Voronin's "pure" frequentatives in the former class of frequentatives. I also introduce poly-syllabic onomatopoeic words into the classification. Conclusion. The introduced changes do not not undermine the key principles of the Universal classification formulated by S. V. Voronin but help its practical implementation on the material of typologically different languages. Part-2
[ENG] The universal classification of onomatopoeic words was first introduced in 1969 by Stanisla... more [ENG] The universal classification of onomatopoeic words was first introduced in 1969 by Stanislav V. Voronin. In the course of the following fifty years it has been tested on the material of typologically different languages both by the author himself and by other researchers. The first part of this paper is devoted to the description of the classification and to the discussion of its advantages and limitations. In the second part of the article some possible solutions to the detected problems are suggested. Part-1
INDO-EUROPEAN LINGUISTICS AND CLASSICAL PHILOLOGYXXIII (Joseph M. Tronsky memorial Conference). Proceedings of the International Conference, St. Petersburg, 24–26 June, 2019 / edited by Nikolai N. Kazansky. Part II (pp. 635–1208). St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2019
The article is devoted to the study of imitative (iconic, onomatopoeic,
sound symbolic) words fro... more The article is devoted to the study of imitative (iconic, onomatopoeic, sound symbolic) words from the diachronic perspective. The main questions discussed are the number of imitated words in the lexicon and their age. The material for the study includes 1500 Modern English and 300 Old English onomatopoeic and sound symbolic words selected by continuous sampling from relevant etymological dictionaries. Examples are drawn from other languages of the Indo-European family – Gothic, Old Norse, Icelandic, German, Russian and other. The main conclusion of the article is that imitative words existing in modern languages are not likely to be old coinages, which suggests that the historical-comparative reconstruction of onomatopoeic and sound symbolic roots should be conducted with great caution.
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences , 2018
The article deals with the problem of diachronic development of onomatopoeic lexicon and discusse... more The article deals with the problem of diachronic development of onomatopoeic lexicon and discusses how regular sound changes affect imitative words. The classification according to the degrees of the impact of regular sound changes is devised and applied to the bulk of English sound-imitative words. The aim of the article is to establish which regular sound changes of the English language had the most detrimental effect. In order to achieve this aim, all major English regular sound changes are classified into phonosemantically significant and phonosemantically insignificant. This classification is based on the use of methods of historical-comparative linguistics and etymological analysis. The main result is the revelation of the fact that not all regular sound changes are equally detrimental to the iconic lexicon of a language. They are only so if: 1) touch upon salient, meaning-bearing phonemes of an iconic word; 2) change the original phonotype of a phoneme; and 3) take place when the word still retains its original sound-meaning coherence. The devised classification is potentially universal and applicable to the onomatopoeic lexicons of related and unrelated languages.
This article is devoted to the study of imitative (onomatopoeic and mimetic) lexicon of the Anglo... more This article is devoted to the study of imitative (onomatopoeic and mimetic) lexicon of the Anglo- Saxon poem Beowulf. The poem is, probably, the most well-known work of Anglo-Saxon literature, characterized by its archaic language as well by its expressivity. The study focuses on quantitative and contextual analysis of the imitative words found in the poem from diachronic perspective. Materials and methods. Methods for the research include the method of continuous sampling, etymological analysis, historical-comparative analysis, elements of quantitative analysis, and the method of phonosemantic analysis. The study is conducted on the material of the full unabridged version of the Anglo- Saxon poem Beowulf written in Old English. Results. The results have revealed that all imitative words in the poem can be divided into three major semantic categories: 1) words denoting sounds of battle; 2) words denoting grief; 3) words denoting singing and playing musical instruments. There are altogether 43 imitative words identified in Beowulf, used 134 times. The calculations have shown that only 15 (or 35 %) out of them have been preserved since Old English. Discussion. We suggest the following reasons for the possible obsolesce of the Old English imitative words: 1) their replacement by the French loans, 2) their belonging to poetic language and subsequent fall out of use, 3) their replacement by other, newly-coined English imitative words. The last argument we deem as the most probable. The iconic treadmill hypothesis introduced earlier explains that the mass obsolesce of the Beowulf’s imitative words might have been caused by natural, evolutionary processes - regular sense and meaning development leading to the expressivity loss and overall de-iconization of the language's imitative lexicon. Conclusions. The study of the poem demonstrated the diversity and dynamic nature of the English imitative lexicon as well as revealed the underlying tendency of imitative words' de-iconization and replacement on the later stages of the language's development.
The article is devoted to the study of Modern Icelandic iconic lexicon. Research results reveal t... more The article is devoted to the study of Modern Icelandic iconic lexicon. Research results reveal that Icelandic onomatopoeic and sound symbolic words can be classified according to groups earlier identified in other Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages.
Наличие звукоизобразительных слов, то есть слов с иконической связью между планом выражения и пла... more Наличие звукоизобразительных слов, то есть слов с иконической связью между планом выражения и планом содержания, многократно отмечалось в современных языках мира различных семей. Небольшое их число мы находим и в тексте Нового Завета в переводе Вульфилы. Несмотря на немногочисленность готских звукоизображений, дошедших до современного исследователя, представляется возможным разделить их на несколько категорий согласно различным существующим классификациям иконической лекции.
Совместный долгосрочный проект 'Iconicity Atlas', реализуемый на базе Houston Community College и... more Совместный долгосрочный проект 'Iconicity Atlas', реализуемый на базе Houston Community College и кафедры Иностранных языков СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ» посвящён типолого-сопоставительному изучению звукоизобразительной лексики языков мира с целью выявления универсальных тенденций в сфере звукообозначения. Помимо непосредственного обращения к лексикогографическому материалу в исследовании широко применяются методы анкетирования и интервьюирования носителей неродственных и географически удалённых друг от друга языков.
Звукоизобразительные слова – слова с иконической связью между фонетическим обликом и денотатом – ... more Звукоизобразительные слова – слова с иконической связью между фонетическим обликом и денотатом – в корне отличаются от подавляющего большинства слов современных языков – сложных конвенциональных (символических) систем. Изучение корпуса из 3000 английских звукоизображений показывает, каким образом иконические образования адаптируются к нормам символической системы, и с какой скоростью протекает этот процесс. Изучение темпов деиконизации позволяет доказательно утверждать, что количество элементов иконического происхождения в языке во много раз превышает ранее предполагавшееся.
Словарь лексики комиксов Кевина Тейлора 'KA-BOOM! A Dictionary of Comic Book Words, Symbols and O... more Словарь лексики комиксов Кевина Тейлора 'KA-BOOM! A Dictionary of Comic Book Words, Symbols and Onomatopoeia’ содержит 1335 английских звукоизобразительных междометий, бóльшая часть из которых не зафиксирована ни в каких других лексикографических источниках. Их изучение позволяет не только выявить ряд общих тенденций в сфере номинации звука, но также делать выводы относительно самого раннего этапа существования звукоизображений в языке.
Old and Modern English Onomatopoeia: Two Different Systems? / Papers from the IV University Confe... more Old and Modern English Onomatopoeia: Two Different Systems? / Papers from the IV University Conference 'Current trends in Linguistics', SPbSEU 'LETI', April 20-21 2015. P 97-98.
Флаксман М.А., Ноланд Н.Н. Типологическое сравнение звукоизобразительной лексики: проблемы и перс... more Флаксман М.А., Ноланд Н.Н. Типологическое сравнение звукоизобразительной лексики: проблемы и перспективы исследования // Материалы V Межвузовской научно-практической конференции «Актуальные проблемы современной лингвистики» 19 апреля 2016 г. СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ». – с.184-187
Flaksman, M.A., Noland, N.N. Problems and Prospects of Iconic Words' Typological Comparison. In Papers from V University Conference 'Curremt Trends in Linguistics', SPbSEU' LETI', April 19, 2016. P. 184-187
Настоящая книга посвящена всестороннему изучению звукоизобразительной лексики позиций синхронии и... more Настоящая книга посвящена всестороннему изучению звукоизобразительной лексики позиций синхронии и диахронии. Слова с подражательной, иконической связью между фонетическим обликом и денотатом рассматриваются за более чем тысячелетний период истории существования английского языка, исследуемый корпус составляет около 1500 единиц, чье звукоизобразительное происхождение на сегодняшний день было доказано рядом этимологов. Особое внимание в работе уделяется влиянию регулярных фонетических изменений английского языка на звукоизобразительную лексику и разработке стадиальной классификации утраты иконичности. Рекомендуется специалистам по общему языкознанию, лексикологии, историкам английского языка, студентам и аспирантам-филологам.
Материалы Девятой межвузовской научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Актуальные проблемы языкознания», г. Санкт-Петербург, 21 апреля 2020 года. Санкт-Петербург: СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ», 2020
Статья посвящена рассмотрению явления деиконизации на материале русского языка. Деиконизация – эт... more Статья посвящена рассмотрению явления деиконизации на материале русского языка. Деиконизация – это постепенная утрата иконической связи звукоизобразительной (звукоподражательной и звукосимволической) лексикой под влиянием регулярных фонетических изменений и семантических сдвигов. Исследование проводится на материале этимологического словаря русского языка М. Фасмера.
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sound symbolic) words from the diachronic perspective. The main
questions discussed are the number of imitated words in the lexicon and
their age. The material for the study includes 1500 Modern English and
300 Old English onomatopoeic and sound symbolic words selected by
continuous sampling from relevant etymological dictionaries. Examples are drawn from other languages of the Indo-European family – Gothic, Old Norse, Icelandic, German, Russian and other. The main conclusion of the article is that imitative words existing in modern languages are not likely to be old coinages, which suggests that the historical-comparative reconstruction of onomatopoeic and sound symbolic roots should be conducted with great caution.
Saxon poem Beowulf. The poem is, probably, the most well-known work of Anglo-Saxon literature,
characterized by its archaic language as well by its expressivity. The study focuses on quantitative and
contextual analysis of the imitative words found in the poem from diachronic perspective.
Materials and methods. Methods for the research include the method of continuous sampling,
etymological analysis, historical-comparative analysis, elements of quantitative analysis, and the method of
phonosemantic analysis. The study is conducted on the material of the full unabridged version of the Anglo-
Saxon poem Beowulf written in Old English.
Results. The results have revealed that all imitative words in the poem can be divided into three major
semantic categories: 1) words denoting sounds of battle; 2) words denoting grief; 3) words denoting singing and
playing musical instruments. There are altogether 43 imitative words identified in Beowulf, used 134 times.
The calculations have shown that only 15 (or 35 %) out of them have been preserved since Old English.
Discussion. We suggest the following reasons for the possible obsolesce of the Old English imitative words:
1) their replacement by the French loans, 2) their belonging to poetic language and subsequent fall out of use,
3) their replacement by other, newly-coined English imitative words. The last argument we deem as the most
probable. The iconic treadmill hypothesis introduced earlier explains that the mass obsolesce of the Beowulf’s
imitative words might have been caused by natural, evolutionary processes - regular sense and meaning
development leading to the expressivity loss and overall de-iconization of the language's imitative lexicon.
Conclusions. The study of the poem demonstrated the diversity and dynamic nature of the English imitative
lexicon as well as revealed the underlying tendency of imitative words' de-iconization and replacement on
the later stages of the language's development.
Part-2
Part-1
sound symbolic) words from the diachronic perspective. The main
questions discussed are the number of imitated words in the lexicon and
their age. The material for the study includes 1500 Modern English and
300 Old English onomatopoeic and sound symbolic words selected by
continuous sampling from relevant etymological dictionaries. Examples are drawn from other languages of the Indo-European family – Gothic, Old Norse, Icelandic, German, Russian and other. The main conclusion of the article is that imitative words existing in modern languages are not likely to be old coinages, which suggests that the historical-comparative reconstruction of onomatopoeic and sound symbolic roots should be conducted with great caution.
Saxon poem Beowulf. The poem is, probably, the most well-known work of Anglo-Saxon literature,
characterized by its archaic language as well by its expressivity. The study focuses on quantitative and
contextual analysis of the imitative words found in the poem from diachronic perspective.
Materials and methods. Methods for the research include the method of continuous sampling,
etymological analysis, historical-comparative analysis, elements of quantitative analysis, and the method of
phonosemantic analysis. The study is conducted on the material of the full unabridged version of the Anglo-
Saxon poem Beowulf written in Old English.
Results. The results have revealed that all imitative words in the poem can be divided into three major
semantic categories: 1) words denoting sounds of battle; 2) words denoting grief; 3) words denoting singing and
playing musical instruments. There are altogether 43 imitative words identified in Beowulf, used 134 times.
The calculations have shown that only 15 (or 35 %) out of them have been preserved since Old English.
Discussion. We suggest the following reasons for the possible obsolesce of the Old English imitative words:
1) their replacement by the French loans, 2) their belonging to poetic language and subsequent fall out of use,
3) their replacement by other, newly-coined English imitative words. The last argument we deem as the most
probable. The iconic treadmill hypothesis introduced earlier explains that the mass obsolesce of the Beowulf’s
imitative words might have been caused by natural, evolutionary processes - regular sense and meaning
development leading to the expressivity loss and overall de-iconization of the language's imitative lexicon.
Conclusions. The study of the poem demonstrated the diversity and dynamic nature of the English imitative
lexicon as well as revealed the underlying tendency of imitative words' de-iconization and replacement on
the later stages of the language's development.
http://conference-spbu.ru/files/local/CMS_File/h0000/1710/1710.pdf?1425733117
http://conference-spbu.ru/files/local/CMS_File/h0000/1710/1710.pdf?1425733117
Flaksman, M.A., Noland, N.N. Problems and Prospects of Iconic Words' Typological Comparison. In Papers from V University Conference 'Curremt Trends in Linguistics', SPbSEU' LETI', April 19, 2016. P. 184-187
Рекомендуется специалистам по общему языкознанию, лексикологии, историкам английского языка, студентам и аспирантам-филологам.