Citation
Suwanmolee, S., Jallapakdee,P., Somyanontanakul, J., Jumnianpol,S. ,Tepin, A., Karanet,... more Citation
Suwanmolee, S., Jallapakdee,P., Somyanontanakul, J., Jumnianpol,S. ,Tepin, A., Karanet,K., Phuboonkong,A. (2022). Stakeholder Analysis of Hydrological Hazard and Water Utilization toward the Network of Klongyan River Basin for Restoration and Conservation. Proceeding : Community Disaster Resilience and Crisisonomy in the 4th Industrial Revolution Era, The 16th International Conference on Crisis and Emergency Management Program. Korea, China, Japan, U.S.A., Thailand, Pakistan, Nepal, Mongolia, ADPC, and TNDR.
Klongyan River Basin Restoration and Conservation Network is an implementing model that meets the criteria belong a Water User Association (WUA) following the definition of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI)(1). Stakeholder analysis would be useful to the network in order to assess the potential changes to influence relevant and interested parties on water resource utilization. The finding of this research shows that a High-powered, highinterest group that must be kept closely involved since the beginning of the project, including the Forest and Sea for Life Foundation, Farmers as water user in the Khlong Yan River Basin, Community Mountain Water User Group, Fish culture conservation zoning group. For Lowpower but a high-interest group that need to provide information regularly including the Hydro-Informatics Institute (HII), Utokapat Foundation, Friends in Need of Pa Foundation which influence the hydrological hazard preparedness toward the communities. while the Coca-Cola Foundation Thailand influenced funding to build check dams to ensure consistent water retention in the water source ecosystem. for Surat Thani Rajabhat University has sent students to work on community development. Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Campus supports technical knowledge in community drinking water production. Finally, High-power but low interest must be kept involved, being government agencies including Kaeng Krung National Park Khlong Yan Wildlife Sanctuary, Nam Hak Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Takuk Nuea Subdistrict Administrative Organization, and Takuk Tai Subdistrict Administrative Organization. This group occupied full authority to allow water allocation in public utilities and maintenance related to the utilization regarding community livelihood.
แผนการสื่อสารในภาวะฉุกเฉินระดับชาติ : การทบทวนวรรณกรรมอย่างเป็นระบบ National Emergency communicat... more แผนการสื่อสารในภาวะฉุกเฉินระดับชาติ : การทบทวนวรรณกรรมอย่างเป็นระบบ National Emergency communication plan: a systematic review
THA 2022 International Conference on Moving Towards Sustainable Water and Climate Change Management After COVID-19, 26-28 January 2022, Online platform, 2022
citation
Somyanontanakul, J., Jumnianpol, S., & Suwanmolee, S. (2022). Indicators of Water Us... more citation
Somyanontanakul, J., Jumnianpol, S., & Suwanmolee, S. (2022). Indicators of Water User Association for Sustainability Transition: A Preliminary Model. THA 2022 International Conference on Moving Towards Sustainable Water and Climate Change Management After COVID-19, 26-28 January 2022, Online Platform.
In this paper, the researchers review criteria and indicators of water user associations to provide a preliminary model of water users who can manage water following the concept of sustainability transitions. The definitions of Water User Association (WUA) and the concept of ustainabili ty transitions are starting points to design the desirable characteristics of WUA. Methods used in the paper are documentary research and in-depth interviews with key informants from twelve case studies. The paper will then propose indicators for assessing a water user group’s organizati on
and performance with relation to water management. The authors expect that, apart from identifying shortcomings of a water user group in question, we will also specify capacity-building needed to uplift the water user group’s performance. Therefore, the indicators would increase
the water user group's capacity for managing water in sustainable ways.
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 2021
Citation
Sirinon Suwanmolee (2021). The Gamification of Covid-19 Pandemic as an Active Learning... more Citation
Sirinon Suwanmolee (2021). The Gamification of Covid-19 Pandemic as an Active Learning Tool in Disaster Education. 6th UPI International Conference on TVET 2020 (TVET 2020), 520 (Tvet 2020), Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 365–369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210203.149
COVID-19 likely affected our daily life for a long time. Skill to monitor this pandemic is important in order to increase our adaptability particularly during these tough times. Generally, a non-science learner always tends to ignore news related to the scientific contents of COVID-19 as they claimed they are lack of scientific knowledge's background. Thus, this work aims to increase their understanding particularly on scientific contents of COVID-19 by integrating disaster education into game mechanics in order to motivate better behavioral outcomes and simultaneously able to increase awareness and scientific knowledge on COVID-19. In this work, we integrate disaster risk management approaches via gamification strategy by introducing game elements such as goals and conflicts and gameful experiences in non-game context called gamification of COVID-19.
This article aims to review the disaster education, which is established on activity-based on active learning. This studying induced the learner understand importance of disaster managements.
The goal setting of disaster education is creating disaster resilient culture. KAP model as the knowledge, the attitude and the practice were generated through the role play in the game activities. The Disaster's knowledge transfer is very important, but it is not enough to initiated the behavior change. I use my experience from Chiangrai Earthquake to create "Quakequest Board Game". It's the Top-table board game. The players would be take the role play as the Chief Executive of the sub district Administrative Organization (SAO). They have to response and coping with the disaster risk. The players might know the disaster risk assessment equation to deal with the risk , the vulnerability, then increase the coping capacity in the final phase. The winner is the player who minimize the risk This game has three phases as; the emergency, recovery and preparedness phase. The player are learned the disaster characteristic from the mission from situation cards. The players have to communicate and negotiate to other Chief Executives SAO about their hazard and vulnerability to response the situation. The player will have the attitude of collaboration from the practices of the resource allocation along disaster management. The after action review (AAR) at the end might revealed the players risk assessment skills and led them link their lesson learnt about disaster management. The finding shows that the disaster education on the active learning might increased the understanding of the disaster risk reduction and the attitude of resource sharing. However, this game need more develop to the other target group in the future. Finally, the limitation of this board game is the game facilitator skill. Because the facilitator skill is the factor that determinates the players express their competence and showed their behavior which become the lesson learn to adjust their behavior. 2 1. Introduction A warning will be useless, if people do not know what to do in emergency scene. Absornsuda, S. (2008) said, Education is a part of awareness and preparedness. It is the least expensive and most efficient way for disaster mitigation, even without sophisticated and expensive technologies for early warning, the people can escape from and mitigate the impact of the natural disasters safely if they know the characteristics of the disasters scientifically. Disaster Education have gained useful knowledge and skill through qualified education are much better prepared to contribute to process of rebuilding their own live and even others' lives around student (Faupel, Kelley, & Petee, 1992) It empowered disaster risk reduction knowledge, confidence and practical skills. Every government in ASEAN are confronted with the challenge of mitigating disasters and minimizing the effects, But Thailand still lack of disaster education in compulsory curriculum or formal education. Disaster content just a part of the subject of social study by lecture based. Formal education may enhance cognitive ability, information processing and learning skills so individuals with higher education respond better in hard times, such as when the disaster strikes. Muttarak, R., and W. Pothisiri. (2013). said, Disaster education can enhance personal preparedness, which is crucial in mitigation the disaster risks. However, the effectiveness of such education might be limited only sub group of the population, such as highly educated individuals, Thus, policies the ensure universal access to formal education at least at the secondary level can be beneficial in reducing vulnerability and mitigating disaster impacts. Nevertheless, I find three problem of the disaster education from my activity based experience as 1) Lack of knowledge management (KM): knowledge mapping, categories or level of disaster management is not clear. KM of disaster must categorize by level of management from individual (self-organize) level, community level, sub district level, provincial level, and national level. Moreover, most information about disaster are meaning and effect of disaster. It hard to find the content related how to deal with the worst case scenario in practically. 2) Lack of local context integrated in the course: Scenario planning and experience linking in local context not often applied to the course. It' s not induce the learner understand the relationship among actors. 3) Lack of the "tool" and "How to": It hard to find the content about "How to survive" (self-organize) in Thai context. I don't have the education tool to make understanding the overview of disaster managements which linkage with self-organize to coping with disaster in individual level. While studying the disaster mitigation, the learner are not only given lectures to get the knowledge but also given the problems, or they set the tasks by themselves and they solve by themselves or by the cooperation with the other learner. (BRI and GRIPS. , 2007). The problem above are inspired me created the game named "QuakeQuest" as the tool for activity based disaster education. This game was construct by Gamification and KAP model to educate the disaster risk governance from Chiangrai Earthquake case study as followed.
Citation
Sirinon Suwanmolee. (2017). The Path Analysis of Causal Factors Influencing on the Inte... more Citation
Sirinon Suwanmolee. (2017). The Path Analysis of Causal Factors Influencing on the Inter-organizations Integration of Chiang Rai’s Earthquake Mitigation in Community Level. Journal of Community Development and Life Quality, 5(3) Jun 2018, 633-653.
The objectives of this article were to study the influencing factors and influencing paths of the inter-organization integration of Chiang Rai's earthquake mitigation at the community level. The affected area, composed of 425 communities of Mae Lao, Phan Mae Suai, was defined as the population for purposive sampling in this study. This quantitative research used questionnaires to collect data over a period of two years after the earthquake of May-July 2016. Respondents were 252 village headmen and assistant headmen who represented the affected area. The data were analyzed for percentage, mean (x̅), standard deviation (S.D.) and Person correlation coefficient (r), by SPSS version 11, then determined the path influencing and constructed validity by Mplus 6.11. The research results were as follows: the structural equation model showed a goodness-of-fit with p-value = 0.4328, í µí¼2/df = 42.890/42, RMSEA=0.009, CFI=0.999, TLI=0.998. Influencing factors affect the structure equation model as a feedback loop structure. All factors were statistically significant indifferently. When considering each factor in detail, the influencing paths began with: the cognition factor had influence on the communication factor. Then the village leader communicates with the local administrators, and it leads the coordination which influences the mitigation activity. Finally, the mitigation activities influence the villagers' cognition of the earthquake risk.
This study aims to 1) examine the problems and contexts in disaster management policy for the ear... more This study aims to 1) examine the problems and contexts in disaster management policy for the earthquake preparedness following the public disaster prevention and mitigation strategy plan 2) examine the social network in local, provincial and national level which related to Chiangrai's earthquake preparedness 3) examine the guideline for the inter-organizational integration in Chiangrai' s earthquake mitigation. The methodology of this study is mixed-method approach. The social network analysis is used to explore the relation among the disaster policy actors. The social network analysis is used to analyze the other relationship among the Government sector, people, and civil society in the affected area. It was found during the qualitative data analysis that the topology of the relation between the disaster management organizations is the mixed pattern of the star and the tree. Most relations were centralized to the central authority. During the emergency, the organizations at the province were united and ready to perform on duty cross jurisdiction, for Chiangrai Province's organization had planned the roles and responsibilities of each organization and organized the rehearsal previously. However, the recovery phase faced some limitations. The management process was prolonged, and there was insufficient information system and the coordination between the mitigation organizations. These limitations slow down the recovery process. The cross-functioning action such as information or resource sharing could not be fully performed. Each unit collected their own data without sharing them together. There was also the limitation in the disaster risk-evaluation and the disaster management planning. The most suitable policy to decrease the impact of the earthquake should then start by developing the inter-organizational coordination. For example, the provincial's disaster information must be shared. And the local level must be encouraged to utilize the information technology, resources allocation and thus increase the capacity to cope with the disaster. Finally, the pattern of relationship between each disaster management organizations should be flexible and adaptive to the situation.
Social Network Analysis of Disaster Response
in 2014 Chiangrai Province Earthquake
This stu... more Social Network Analysis of Disaster Response in 2014 Chiangrai Province Earthquake
This study aims to 1) examine the problems and contexts in disaster management policy for the earthquake preparedness following the public disaster prevention and mitigation strategy plan 2) examine the social network in local, provincial and national level which related to Chiangrai’s earthquake preparedness 3) examine the guideline for the inter-organizational integration in Chiangrai’s earthquake mitigation. The methodology of this study is mixed-method approach. The social network analysis is used to explore the relation among the disaster actors. The social network analysis is used to analyze the other relationship among the Government sector, people, and civil society in the affected area. It was found during the qualitative data analysis that the topology of the relation between the disaster management organizations is the mixed pattern of the star and the tree. Most relations were centralized to the central authority. During the emergency, the organizations at the province were united and ready to perform on duty cross jurisdiction, for Chiangrai Province’s organization had planned the roles and responsibilities of each organization and organized the rehearsal previously. However, the recovery phase faced some limitations. The management process was prolonged, and there was insufficient information system and the coordination between the mitigation organizations. These limitations slow down the recovery process. The cross-functioning action such as information or resource sharing could not be fully performed. Each unit collected their own data without sharing them together. There was also the limitation in the disaster risk-evaluation and the disaster management planning. The most suitable policy to decrease the impact of the earthquake should then start by developing the inter-organizational coordination. For example, the provincial’s disaster information must be shared. And the local level must be encouraged to utilize the information technology, resources allocation and thus increase the capacity to cope with the disaster. Finally, the pattern of relationship between each disaster management organizations should be flexible and adaptive from decentralize network to distribute network when the crisis is over.
This study aims to 1) examine the problems and contexts in disaster management policy for the e... more This study aims to 1) examine the problems and contexts in disaster management policy for the earthquake preparedness following the public disaster prevention and mitigation strategy plan 2) examine the social network in local, provincial and national level which related to Chiangrai’s earthquake preparedness 3) examine the guideline for the inter-organizational integration in Chiangrai’s earthquake mitigation. The methodology of this study is mixed-method approach. The social network analysis is used to explore the relation among the disaster actors. The social network analysis is used to analyze the other relationship among the Government sector, people, and civil society in the affected area. It was found during the qualitative data analysis that the topology of the relation between the disaster management organizations is the mixed pattern of the star and the tree. Most relations were centralized to the central authority. During the emergency, the organizations at the province were united and ready to perform on duty cross jurisdiction, for Chiangrai Province’s organization had planned the roles and responsibilities of each organization and organized the rehearsal previously. However, the recovery phase faced some limitations. The management process was prolonged, and there was insufficient information system and the coordination between the mitigation organizations. These limitations slow down the recovery process. The cross-functioning action such as information or resource sharing could not be fully performed. Each unit collected their own data without sharing them together. There was also the limitation in the disaster risk-evaluation and the disaster management planning. The most suitable policy to decrease the impact of the earthquake should then start by developing the inter-organizational coordination. For example, the provincial’s disaster information must be shared. And the local level must be encouraged to utilize the information technology, resources allocation and thus increase the capacity to cope with the disaster. Finally, the pattern of relationship between each disaster management organizations should be flexible and adaptive from decentralize network to distribute network when the crisis is over.
The Sea Nomads in the New Social Movement for community and cultural survival
Abstract
The S... more The Sea Nomads in the New Social Movement for community and cultural survival
Abstract
The Sea Nomads (Choa-lay) are gypsy ethnics. Their ways of life rely on fisheries along Andaman coastal. They are directly affected from globalization due to the becoming of the sea and land on Andaman coastal as an important asset to serve an international customer in tourism industry. As the capitalism accelerates the competitive advantage, Rawai beach’s sea nomads village becomes an arena of crisis. Their ancestral land, which used to be the ritual land and habitat, is now scrambled away to build the hotel and resort. These conflicts lead to the violation of ethnic rights and housing insecurity, while the policy of natural conservation also ignore their customary ways of life. For the law prohibited everyone (not except the sea nomads) to do fisheries on Marine National Park. The environment that used to be resourceful are also degrading, causing more problems to the fisheries. It can then be said that the current status of the sea nomads is “No sea for food, No land to live”. Whole problems force them cannot inherit theirs tradition’s folklore no longer. Thus, this article proposes to display the sea nomad’s social pattern on cultural ecology perspective which confronts the cultural vulnerability problem, land conflict and housing insecurity among the economic development of Thailand. Then the new social movement of the sea nomads that negotiate with the government authorities to revise the natural conservation’s law for their equitable. Since, latest progress in January 2015, they achieve the lessen resolution and guideline for coastal indigenous fishing of the sea nomads ethnics, which 4 main issue as, 1) the lessen regulations of volume and type of aquatic animals which sea nomads allowed to fishing in each sail. 2) the lessen regulation of fisheries season which sea nomads are allowed fisheries for all season. 3) the sea nomads are allow use their fishing equipment along their Indigenous wisdom and 4) the fisheries’ s licenses card for sea nomads, be legitimate.
The Study of a Guideline to Develop the Community-based Disasters Risk Management on Civil Society: Case study of Ban-Namkem village, Bangmuang sub-district, Takuapa district, Phang-nga province
Citation
Suwanmolee, S., Jallapakdee,P., Somyanontanakul, J., Jumnianpol,S. ,Tepin, A., Karanet,... more Citation
Suwanmolee, S., Jallapakdee,P., Somyanontanakul, J., Jumnianpol,S. ,Tepin, A., Karanet,K., Phuboonkong,A. (2022). Stakeholder Analysis of Hydrological Hazard and Water Utilization toward the Network of Klongyan River Basin for Restoration and Conservation. Proceeding : Community Disaster Resilience and Crisisonomy in the 4th Industrial Revolution Era, The 16th International Conference on Crisis and Emergency Management Program. Korea, China, Japan, U.S.A., Thailand, Pakistan, Nepal, Mongolia, ADPC, and TNDR.
Klongyan River Basin Restoration and Conservation Network is an implementing model that meets the criteria belong a Water User Association (WUA) following the definition of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI)(1). Stakeholder analysis would be useful to the network in order to assess the potential changes to influence relevant and interested parties on water resource utilization. The finding of this research shows that a High-powered, highinterest group that must be kept closely involved since the beginning of the project, including the Forest and Sea for Life Foundation, Farmers as water user in the Khlong Yan River Basin, Community Mountain Water User Group, Fish culture conservation zoning group. For Lowpower but a high-interest group that need to provide information regularly including the Hydro-Informatics Institute (HII), Utokapat Foundation, Friends in Need of Pa Foundation which influence the hydrological hazard preparedness toward the communities. while the Coca-Cola Foundation Thailand influenced funding to build check dams to ensure consistent water retention in the water source ecosystem. for Surat Thani Rajabhat University has sent students to work on community development. Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Campus supports technical knowledge in community drinking water production. Finally, High-power but low interest must be kept involved, being government agencies including Kaeng Krung National Park Khlong Yan Wildlife Sanctuary, Nam Hak Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Takuk Nuea Subdistrict Administrative Organization, and Takuk Tai Subdistrict Administrative Organization. This group occupied full authority to allow water allocation in public utilities and maintenance related to the utilization regarding community livelihood.
แผนการสื่อสารในภาวะฉุกเฉินระดับชาติ : การทบทวนวรรณกรรมอย่างเป็นระบบ National Emergency communicat... more แผนการสื่อสารในภาวะฉุกเฉินระดับชาติ : การทบทวนวรรณกรรมอย่างเป็นระบบ National Emergency communication plan: a systematic review
THA 2022 International Conference on Moving Towards Sustainable Water and Climate Change Management After COVID-19, 26-28 January 2022, Online platform, 2022
citation
Somyanontanakul, J., Jumnianpol, S., & Suwanmolee, S. (2022). Indicators of Water Us... more citation
Somyanontanakul, J., Jumnianpol, S., & Suwanmolee, S. (2022). Indicators of Water User Association for Sustainability Transition: A Preliminary Model. THA 2022 International Conference on Moving Towards Sustainable Water and Climate Change Management After COVID-19, 26-28 January 2022, Online Platform.
In this paper, the researchers review criteria and indicators of water user associations to provide a preliminary model of water users who can manage water following the concept of sustainability transitions. The definitions of Water User Association (WUA) and the concept of ustainabili ty transitions are starting points to design the desirable characteristics of WUA. Methods used in the paper are documentary research and in-depth interviews with key informants from twelve case studies. The paper will then propose indicators for assessing a water user group’s organizati on
and performance with relation to water management. The authors expect that, apart from identifying shortcomings of a water user group in question, we will also specify capacity-building needed to uplift the water user group’s performance. Therefore, the indicators would increase
the water user group's capacity for managing water in sustainable ways.
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 2021
Citation
Sirinon Suwanmolee (2021). The Gamification of Covid-19 Pandemic as an Active Learning... more Citation
Sirinon Suwanmolee (2021). The Gamification of Covid-19 Pandemic as an Active Learning Tool in Disaster Education. 6th UPI International Conference on TVET 2020 (TVET 2020), 520 (Tvet 2020), Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 365–369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210203.149
COVID-19 likely affected our daily life for a long time. Skill to monitor this pandemic is important in order to increase our adaptability particularly during these tough times. Generally, a non-science learner always tends to ignore news related to the scientific contents of COVID-19 as they claimed they are lack of scientific knowledge's background. Thus, this work aims to increase their understanding particularly on scientific contents of COVID-19 by integrating disaster education into game mechanics in order to motivate better behavioral outcomes and simultaneously able to increase awareness and scientific knowledge on COVID-19. In this work, we integrate disaster risk management approaches via gamification strategy by introducing game elements such as goals and conflicts and gameful experiences in non-game context called gamification of COVID-19.
This article aims to review the disaster education, which is established on activity-based on active learning. This studying induced the learner understand importance of disaster managements.
The goal setting of disaster education is creating disaster resilient culture. KAP model as the knowledge, the attitude and the practice were generated through the role play in the game activities. The Disaster's knowledge transfer is very important, but it is not enough to initiated the behavior change. I use my experience from Chiangrai Earthquake to create "Quakequest Board Game". It's the Top-table board game. The players would be take the role play as the Chief Executive of the sub district Administrative Organization (SAO). They have to response and coping with the disaster risk. The players might know the disaster risk assessment equation to deal with the risk , the vulnerability, then increase the coping capacity in the final phase. The winner is the player who minimize the risk This game has three phases as; the emergency, recovery and preparedness phase. The player are learned the disaster characteristic from the mission from situation cards. The players have to communicate and negotiate to other Chief Executives SAO about their hazard and vulnerability to response the situation. The player will have the attitude of collaboration from the practices of the resource allocation along disaster management. The after action review (AAR) at the end might revealed the players risk assessment skills and led them link their lesson learnt about disaster management. The finding shows that the disaster education on the active learning might increased the understanding of the disaster risk reduction and the attitude of resource sharing. However, this game need more develop to the other target group in the future. Finally, the limitation of this board game is the game facilitator skill. Because the facilitator skill is the factor that determinates the players express their competence and showed their behavior which become the lesson learn to adjust their behavior. 2 1. Introduction A warning will be useless, if people do not know what to do in emergency scene. Absornsuda, S. (2008) said, Education is a part of awareness and preparedness. It is the least expensive and most efficient way for disaster mitigation, even without sophisticated and expensive technologies for early warning, the people can escape from and mitigate the impact of the natural disasters safely if they know the characteristics of the disasters scientifically. Disaster Education have gained useful knowledge and skill through qualified education are much better prepared to contribute to process of rebuilding their own live and even others' lives around student (Faupel, Kelley, & Petee, 1992) It empowered disaster risk reduction knowledge, confidence and practical skills. Every government in ASEAN are confronted with the challenge of mitigating disasters and minimizing the effects, But Thailand still lack of disaster education in compulsory curriculum or formal education. Disaster content just a part of the subject of social study by lecture based. Formal education may enhance cognitive ability, information processing and learning skills so individuals with higher education respond better in hard times, such as when the disaster strikes. Muttarak, R., and W. Pothisiri. (2013). said, Disaster education can enhance personal preparedness, which is crucial in mitigation the disaster risks. However, the effectiveness of such education might be limited only sub group of the population, such as highly educated individuals, Thus, policies the ensure universal access to formal education at least at the secondary level can be beneficial in reducing vulnerability and mitigating disaster impacts. Nevertheless, I find three problem of the disaster education from my activity based experience as 1) Lack of knowledge management (KM): knowledge mapping, categories or level of disaster management is not clear. KM of disaster must categorize by level of management from individual (self-organize) level, community level, sub district level, provincial level, and national level. Moreover, most information about disaster are meaning and effect of disaster. It hard to find the content related how to deal with the worst case scenario in practically. 2) Lack of local context integrated in the course: Scenario planning and experience linking in local context not often applied to the course. It' s not induce the learner understand the relationship among actors. 3) Lack of the "tool" and "How to": It hard to find the content about "How to survive" (self-organize) in Thai context. I don't have the education tool to make understanding the overview of disaster managements which linkage with self-organize to coping with disaster in individual level. While studying the disaster mitigation, the learner are not only given lectures to get the knowledge but also given the problems, or they set the tasks by themselves and they solve by themselves or by the cooperation with the other learner. (BRI and GRIPS. , 2007). The problem above are inspired me created the game named "QuakeQuest" as the tool for activity based disaster education. This game was construct by Gamification and KAP model to educate the disaster risk governance from Chiangrai Earthquake case study as followed.
Citation
Sirinon Suwanmolee. (2017). The Path Analysis of Causal Factors Influencing on the Inte... more Citation
Sirinon Suwanmolee. (2017). The Path Analysis of Causal Factors Influencing on the Inter-organizations Integration of Chiang Rai’s Earthquake Mitigation in Community Level. Journal of Community Development and Life Quality, 5(3) Jun 2018, 633-653.
The objectives of this article were to study the influencing factors and influencing paths of the inter-organization integration of Chiang Rai's earthquake mitigation at the community level. The affected area, composed of 425 communities of Mae Lao, Phan Mae Suai, was defined as the population for purposive sampling in this study. This quantitative research used questionnaires to collect data over a period of two years after the earthquake of May-July 2016. Respondents were 252 village headmen and assistant headmen who represented the affected area. The data were analyzed for percentage, mean (x̅), standard deviation (S.D.) and Person correlation coefficient (r), by SPSS version 11, then determined the path influencing and constructed validity by Mplus 6.11. The research results were as follows: the structural equation model showed a goodness-of-fit with p-value = 0.4328, í µí¼2/df = 42.890/42, RMSEA=0.009, CFI=0.999, TLI=0.998. Influencing factors affect the structure equation model as a feedback loop structure. All factors were statistically significant indifferently. When considering each factor in detail, the influencing paths began with: the cognition factor had influence on the communication factor. Then the village leader communicates with the local administrators, and it leads the coordination which influences the mitigation activity. Finally, the mitigation activities influence the villagers' cognition of the earthquake risk.
This study aims to 1) examine the problems and contexts in disaster management policy for the ear... more This study aims to 1) examine the problems and contexts in disaster management policy for the earthquake preparedness following the public disaster prevention and mitigation strategy plan 2) examine the social network in local, provincial and national level which related to Chiangrai's earthquake preparedness 3) examine the guideline for the inter-organizational integration in Chiangrai' s earthquake mitigation. The methodology of this study is mixed-method approach. The social network analysis is used to explore the relation among the disaster policy actors. The social network analysis is used to analyze the other relationship among the Government sector, people, and civil society in the affected area. It was found during the qualitative data analysis that the topology of the relation between the disaster management organizations is the mixed pattern of the star and the tree. Most relations were centralized to the central authority. During the emergency, the organizations at the province were united and ready to perform on duty cross jurisdiction, for Chiangrai Province's organization had planned the roles and responsibilities of each organization and organized the rehearsal previously. However, the recovery phase faced some limitations. The management process was prolonged, and there was insufficient information system and the coordination between the mitigation organizations. These limitations slow down the recovery process. The cross-functioning action such as information or resource sharing could not be fully performed. Each unit collected their own data without sharing them together. There was also the limitation in the disaster risk-evaluation and the disaster management planning. The most suitable policy to decrease the impact of the earthquake should then start by developing the inter-organizational coordination. For example, the provincial's disaster information must be shared. And the local level must be encouraged to utilize the information technology, resources allocation and thus increase the capacity to cope with the disaster. Finally, the pattern of relationship between each disaster management organizations should be flexible and adaptive to the situation.
Social Network Analysis of Disaster Response
in 2014 Chiangrai Province Earthquake
This stu... more Social Network Analysis of Disaster Response in 2014 Chiangrai Province Earthquake
This study aims to 1) examine the problems and contexts in disaster management policy for the earthquake preparedness following the public disaster prevention and mitigation strategy plan 2) examine the social network in local, provincial and national level which related to Chiangrai’s earthquake preparedness 3) examine the guideline for the inter-organizational integration in Chiangrai’s earthquake mitigation. The methodology of this study is mixed-method approach. The social network analysis is used to explore the relation among the disaster actors. The social network analysis is used to analyze the other relationship among the Government sector, people, and civil society in the affected area. It was found during the qualitative data analysis that the topology of the relation between the disaster management organizations is the mixed pattern of the star and the tree. Most relations were centralized to the central authority. During the emergency, the organizations at the province were united and ready to perform on duty cross jurisdiction, for Chiangrai Province’s organization had planned the roles and responsibilities of each organization and organized the rehearsal previously. However, the recovery phase faced some limitations. The management process was prolonged, and there was insufficient information system and the coordination between the mitigation organizations. These limitations slow down the recovery process. The cross-functioning action such as information or resource sharing could not be fully performed. Each unit collected their own data without sharing them together. There was also the limitation in the disaster risk-evaluation and the disaster management planning. The most suitable policy to decrease the impact of the earthquake should then start by developing the inter-organizational coordination. For example, the provincial’s disaster information must be shared. And the local level must be encouraged to utilize the information technology, resources allocation and thus increase the capacity to cope with the disaster. Finally, the pattern of relationship between each disaster management organizations should be flexible and adaptive from decentralize network to distribute network when the crisis is over.
This study aims to 1) examine the problems and contexts in disaster management policy for the e... more This study aims to 1) examine the problems and contexts in disaster management policy for the earthquake preparedness following the public disaster prevention and mitigation strategy plan 2) examine the social network in local, provincial and national level which related to Chiangrai’s earthquake preparedness 3) examine the guideline for the inter-organizational integration in Chiangrai’s earthquake mitigation. The methodology of this study is mixed-method approach. The social network analysis is used to explore the relation among the disaster actors. The social network analysis is used to analyze the other relationship among the Government sector, people, and civil society in the affected area. It was found during the qualitative data analysis that the topology of the relation between the disaster management organizations is the mixed pattern of the star and the tree. Most relations were centralized to the central authority. During the emergency, the organizations at the province were united and ready to perform on duty cross jurisdiction, for Chiangrai Province’s organization had planned the roles and responsibilities of each organization and organized the rehearsal previously. However, the recovery phase faced some limitations. The management process was prolonged, and there was insufficient information system and the coordination between the mitigation organizations. These limitations slow down the recovery process. The cross-functioning action such as information or resource sharing could not be fully performed. Each unit collected their own data without sharing them together. There was also the limitation in the disaster risk-evaluation and the disaster management planning. The most suitable policy to decrease the impact of the earthquake should then start by developing the inter-organizational coordination. For example, the provincial’s disaster information must be shared. And the local level must be encouraged to utilize the information technology, resources allocation and thus increase the capacity to cope with the disaster. Finally, the pattern of relationship between each disaster management organizations should be flexible and adaptive from decentralize network to distribute network when the crisis is over.
The Sea Nomads in the New Social Movement for community and cultural survival
Abstract
The S... more The Sea Nomads in the New Social Movement for community and cultural survival
Abstract
The Sea Nomads (Choa-lay) are gypsy ethnics. Their ways of life rely on fisheries along Andaman coastal. They are directly affected from globalization due to the becoming of the sea and land on Andaman coastal as an important asset to serve an international customer in tourism industry. As the capitalism accelerates the competitive advantage, Rawai beach’s sea nomads village becomes an arena of crisis. Their ancestral land, which used to be the ritual land and habitat, is now scrambled away to build the hotel and resort. These conflicts lead to the violation of ethnic rights and housing insecurity, while the policy of natural conservation also ignore their customary ways of life. For the law prohibited everyone (not except the sea nomads) to do fisheries on Marine National Park. The environment that used to be resourceful are also degrading, causing more problems to the fisheries. It can then be said that the current status of the sea nomads is “No sea for food, No land to live”. Whole problems force them cannot inherit theirs tradition’s folklore no longer. Thus, this article proposes to display the sea nomad’s social pattern on cultural ecology perspective which confronts the cultural vulnerability problem, land conflict and housing insecurity among the economic development of Thailand. Then the new social movement of the sea nomads that negotiate with the government authorities to revise the natural conservation’s law for their equitable. Since, latest progress in January 2015, they achieve the lessen resolution and guideline for coastal indigenous fishing of the sea nomads ethnics, which 4 main issue as, 1) the lessen regulations of volume and type of aquatic animals which sea nomads allowed to fishing in each sail. 2) the lessen regulation of fisheries season which sea nomads are allowed fisheries for all season. 3) the sea nomads are allow use their fishing equipment along their Indigenous wisdom and 4) the fisheries’ s licenses card for sea nomads, be legitimate.
The Study of a Guideline to Develop the Community-based Disasters Risk Management on Civil Society: Case study of Ban-Namkem village, Bangmuang sub-district, Takuapa district, Phang-nga province
Global Inequity: A new approach for the age of globalization.
เขียนโดย Branko Milanovic
ปีที่พิม... more Global Inequity: A new approach for the age of globalization. เขียนโดย Branko Milanovic ปีที่พิมพ์ 2016 จัดพิมพ์โดย THE BELKNAP PRESS OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England,138 หน้า วิจารณ์โดย ศิรินันต์ สุวรรณโมลี คำสำคัญ : Globaliation, Inequity, economic
The objectives of this dissertation were 1) To study the problem condition and obstacles in Chian... more The objectives of this dissertation were 1) To study the problem condition and obstacles in Chiangrai earthquakes mitigation according to disaster prevention and mitigation strategy plan. 2) To study the actors in local, provincial and national levels of policies network in Chiangrai earthquakes mitigation 3) To study the way to integrate coordination between organizations involved in the earthquakes mitigation in Chiangrai. Data collection started from qualitative research followed by quantitative research. It was found that the problems and obstruction with the policy in the Chiangrai’s preparation for earthquake according to the disaster prevention and mitigation strategy could be described in three dimensions, following the concept of complex adaptive system, which were the organization flexibility, the technical infrastructure, and the cultural openness. 1) The organization flexibility dimension. It was found that the power structure in managing the local administration and the district offices was inconsistent. Many organization’s works were redundant. The provincial commanding center did not fully act as the mediator in resource raising and information sharing. The process adjustment according to the complaint feedback was slow. Each organization lack the adaptation and understanding in other organization’s role in the shared mission during the crisis. The earthquake drills were mostly the practice of interior rescue, rather than the practice of commanding between organizations and the affected area. 2) The Technical Infrastructure dimension. It was found that the communities lack the skill and the experience in self-organization during the disaster. The local officers did not let the community to participate in the sub-district disaster management planning. Cross-duty resource raising or working in the place of each other were limited. The adjustment of risk management plan according to the professional engineering knowledge was limited. The amendment of the local regulations in building control was not found. And there was the obstruction in spending the budget to prepare for the disaster. 3) The Cultural Openness dimension. It was found that the provincial commanding unit perceived that the local administrative organizations and the communities as the weak and passive, rather than being able to self-organize. And the operation officers would only follow the orders. The plan adjustment and the operation in disaster prevention and mitigation in the local level and the provincial level was not continuous. There was also the government culture problems in which the officers in the system lack the conscience to connect with other organization. They would not emphasis the official operation adjustment according to the feedback from the unofficial actors, and would not accept the mission in temporary data management without the permanent structure in the district organization. There was also limited priority for the community and the local capabilities development. The social network analysis demonstrated the relationship of the actors from the government sector, the people sector, and the civil society who were involved in disaster management, that the topology of the network was decentralize. Most relationship were connected to the Emergency Operations Center (EOC). As the Chiangrai province had the operation plan during the earthquake that designated the roles of each organization in the emergency phases and had performed the drill previously, the provincial operation was ready and united during the crisis. However, during the recovery phases, the centralized management became the limitation when the provincial unit lack the information system to connect the inter-organization database. The data exchange and resource sharing among the organization could not fully occurred. And the risk estimation for the disaster prevention plan as a whole was also limited. The integrated coordination in disaster risk management should start by adjusting the disaster management power distribution in the provincial level. There should be the inter-organization coordination in the distribution type, which would allow the local administrative organization to flexibly communicate and exchange resources with other organization. There should be the utilization of information technology in data management, and the communication system, which would support the network to adapt its form flexibly. The vertical and centralized relationship should be replaced by the distribution structure, so that the local administrative organization could exchange resources or coordinate with other organizations after the situation unfolded. As for the community level, there should be the knowledge training for people, so that they know how to conduct during the earthquake, as well as the training of risk estimation and building renovation to withstand the seismic activity for the local builders and the community leaders, which would encourage the risk awareness during the preparation for disaster together with the recovery and the disaster risk control.
Disaster Education plays a vital role to encourage disaster awareness, which can ab... more Disaster Education plays a vital role to encourage disaster awareness, which can absorb some of the emotional and psychological risks from social failure by shifting responsibility (Lin et al., 2018). In contrast, the appropriate tools, training, resources and facilitators are shortage to mobilise long-term of disaster risk reduction and not enough to raise greater awareness (Mulyasari, Takeuchi, & Shaw, 2011). Landslide is a disaster that occurs low awareness because of our daily life far to live in a prone area. However, a sense of preparedness needs to be cultivated to everybody rather than waiting for external aid in event of disaster hits. Thus, to raise the awareness of landslide, gamification can use to make learner eager to learn by themselves, it can be utilized to convey knowledge, skill and attitude to the player. Gamification is an effective method in increasing participation and improving learning activities because it is easy to transfer the knowledge while motivate players do learning by themselves. (Kim, Song, Lockee, & Burton, 2018) Therefore, this experiment aims to utilize gamification method to transform a mechanism of rain-triggered landslide to monitor landslide. It can motivate individual action, promote learning, and solve problems as an education tool (Kapp, K., 2012). Reviewed the documentary research to design the game is; the knowledge related landslide, learning theory and disaster resilience were integrated into gamification techniques to design the component of a game such as goals, rules, conflict, times, reward, feedback, levels. This experiential learning exercise was constructed following the game-design-based gamification rubric of Gallego-Durán et al., (2019). The game prototype has adopted a mechanism of rain-triggered landslide monitoring that driven consequence event. While key messages of landslide preparedness were integrated to motivate the player to solve the problem with collaborative actions.
This article aims to review the disaster education, which is established on activity-based on act... more This article aims to review the disaster education, which is established on activity-based on active learning. This studying induced the learner understand importance of disaster managements. The goal setting of disaster education is creating disaster resilient culture. KAP model as the knowledge, the attitude and the practice were generated through the role play in the game activities. The Disaster's knowledge transfer is very important, but it is not enough to initiated the behavior change. I use my experience from Chiangrai Earthquake to create "Quakequest Board Game". It's the Top-table board game. The players would be take the role play as the Chief Executive of the sub district Administrative Organization (SAO). They have to response and coping with the disaster risk. The players might know the disaster risk assessment equation to deal with the risk , the vulnerability, then increase the coping capacity in the final phase. The winner is the player who minimize the risk This game has three phases as; the emergency, recovery and preparedness phase. The player are learned the disaster characteristic from the mission from situation cards. The players have to communicate and negotiate to other Chief Executives SAO about their hazard and vulnerability to response the situation. The player will have the attitude of collaboration from the practices of the resource allocation along disaster management. The after action review (AAR) at the end might revealed the players risk assessment skills and led them link their lesson learnt about disaster management. The finding shows that the disaster education on the active learning might increased the understanding of the disaster risk reduction and the attitude of resource sharing. However, this game need more develop to the other target group in the future. Finally, the limitation of this board game is the game facilitator skill. Because the facilitator skill is the factor that determinates the players express their competence and showed their behavior which become the lesson learn to adjust their behavior. 2 1. Introduction A warning will be useless, if people do not know what to do in emergency scene. Absornsuda, S. (2008) said, Education is a part of awareness and preparedness. It is the least expensive and most efficient way for disaster mitigation, even without sophisticated and expensive technologies for early warning, the people can escape from and mitigate the impact of the natural disasters safely if they know the characteristics of the disasters scientifically. Disaster Education have gained useful knowledge and skill through qualified education are much better prepared to contribute to process of rebuilding their own live and even others' lives around student (Faupel, Kelley, & Petee, 1992) It empowered disaster risk reduction knowledge, confidence and practical skills. Every government in ASEAN are confronted with the challenge of mitigating disasters and minimizing the effects, But Thailand still lack of disaster education in compulsory curriculum or formal education. Disaster content just a part of the subject of social study by lecture based. Formal education may enhance cognitive ability, information processing and learning skills so individuals with higher education respond better in hard times, such as when the disaster strikes. Muttarak, R., and W. Pothisiri. (2013). said, Disaster education can enhance personal preparedness, which is crucial in mitigation the disaster risks. However, the effectiveness of such education might be limited only sub group of the population, such as highly educated individuals, Thus, policies the ensure universal access to formal education at least at the secondary level can be beneficial in reducing vulnerability and mitigating disaster impacts. Nevertheless, I find three problem of the disaster education from my activity based experience as 1) Lack of knowledge management (KM): knowledge mapping, categories or level of disaster management is not clear. KM of disaster must categorize by level of management from individual (self-organize) level, community level, sub district level, provincial level, and national level. Moreover, most information about disaster are meaning and effect of disaster. It hard to find the content related how to deal with the worst case scenario in practically. 2) Lack of local context integrated in the course: Scenario planning and experience linking in local context not often applied to the course. It' s not induce the learner understand the relationship among actors. 3) Lack of the "tool" and "How to": It hard to find the content about "How to survive" (self-organize) in Thai context. I don't have the education tool to make understanding the overview of disaster managements which linkage with self-organize to coping with disaster in individual level. While studying the disaster mitigation, the learner are not only given lectures to get the knowledge but also given the problems, or they set the tasks by themselves and they solve by themselves or by the cooperation with the other learner. (BRI and GRIPS. , 2007). The problem above are inspired me created the game named "QuakeQuest" as the tool for activity based disaster education. This game was construct by Gamification and KAP model to educate the disaster risk governance from Chiangrai Earthquake case study as followed.
During disasters strike, communication failure always occurs as consequences of the hazard. Causi... more During disasters strike, communication failure always occurs as consequences of the hazard. Causing infrastructure's damage which contributes to the technical problem that disrupts the communication system. After physical structure down, social chaos always escalated among a society that blackout from communication. Appeared problem when an alternative communication system cannot operate timely, It made the affected people live like walking in the dark. Whereas the more people fear the dark, the more they want to connect with others, Not only physical security but also mental security. Therefore, factors leading to the failure of communications in emergency are two major causes as follows 1) Physical and Technological factor: the damage of communication device, the damage of supporting infrastructure and the redundancy of communication. 2) The Human factor: human behavior and the gap of coordination among agency.
The upper gulf as Bangkhuntien shoreline‘s erosion rates were about 1.80 m/year from 1980- 1986, ... more The upper gulf as Bangkhuntien shoreline‘s erosion rates were about 1.80 m/year from 1980- 1986, 4.75 m/ year from 1987-1993, 15.28 m/ year r from 1994-1996 and 10.03 m/ year from 1997-2002. The significant wave height was one of the major factors of erosion (Ekphisutsuntorn, Wongwises, Chinnarasri, Humphries, & Vongvisessomjai, 2010) Ban Khun Samut Chin community that located on Bangkhuntien shoreline, Laem Fa Pa Subdistrict, Phra Samut Chedi, Samut Prakan, Thailand is a best practice of CBDRM. This community is outstanding on self-organization to deal with coastal erosion and livelihood adaptation. To understand the movement, the background of this community are following;
My point of view is NATECH event considered an extreme issue both economic aspect and livelihood... more My point of view is NATECH event considered an extreme issue both economic aspect and livelihood aspect on flood triggered industrial waste and chemical agents leakage. Due to currently the industrial sector is not only facing with the economic recession from COVID-19 but also a natural issue and political intervention which contributed to political confusion, low level of law enforcement, policy and regulation on industrial waste which able to trigger the complexity disaster management event.
local actions needed to counter this situation supposed to be 4Cs including cognition, communicat... more local actions needed to counter this situation supposed to be 4Cs including cognition, communication, coordination and control following the recommendation of Comfort (2007) who was studied policy implementation at the community level. The study shows that community is an actor impacted decentralization from Local administration organization as well as first encounter the disaster, they have to be open for an operator in the system to take part of the decision-making process in enhancing the community’s resilience to response their crisis by 4 factors as following 1) Cognition is risk monitoring and realizes how to response the situation, damages assessment, and cognition what is the consequence.Learning how to utilize scientific information to mitigate the risk, as well as innovation to enhance adaptability in each phase. 2) Communication is the key led to the inter-agency operation. Communication-based on using’s common scientific information can create share meaning in finding solutions between groups. Contributing clear communication will lead to adjustment on integrated disaster management. 3) Coordination is an action that local actors organize to higher actors and various level actor to achieve a common goal following good communication in mitigating risk 4) Control, the definition of this case is sharing knowledge, abilities and action in response to help affected area mitigate the risk while different organizations can act on their own ways. Thus, controlling risk can be occurred by keeping actions to achieve common objectives to protect lives, property, and recovery. Therefore, to elaborate on how the importance of integrated disaster management to strengthen communities’ resilience in Thailand. This article may represent Meaphun subdistrict’s flash flood and landslide in 2006 as a case study to link issue and solution which have been solved by adopted transdisciplinary approach step by step as follows.
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Papers by ศิรินันต์ สุวรรณโมลี (Sirinon Suwanmolee)
Suwanmolee, S., Jallapakdee,P., Somyanontanakul, J., Jumnianpol,S. ,Tepin, A., Karanet,K., Phuboonkong,A. (2022). Stakeholder Analysis of Hydrological Hazard and Water Utilization toward the Network of Klongyan River Basin for Restoration and Conservation. Proceeding : Community Disaster Resilience and Crisisonomy in the 4th Industrial Revolution Era, The 16th International Conference on Crisis and Emergency Management Program. Korea, China, Japan, U.S.A., Thailand, Pakistan, Nepal, Mongolia, ADPC, and TNDR.
Klongyan River Basin Restoration and Conservation Network is an implementing model that meets the criteria belong a Water User Association (WUA) following the definition of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI)(1). Stakeholder analysis would be useful to the network in order to assess the potential changes to influence relevant and interested parties on water resource utilization. The finding of this research shows that a High-powered, highinterest group that must be kept closely involved since the beginning of the project, including the Forest and Sea for Life Foundation, Farmers as water user in the Khlong Yan River Basin, Community Mountain Water User Group, Fish culture conservation zoning group. For Lowpower but a high-interest group that need to provide information regularly including the Hydro-Informatics Institute (HII), Utokapat Foundation, Friends in Need of Pa Foundation which influence the hydrological hazard preparedness toward the communities. while the Coca-Cola Foundation Thailand influenced funding to build check dams to ensure consistent water retention in the water source ecosystem. for Surat Thani Rajabhat University has sent students to work on community development. Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Campus supports technical knowledge in community drinking water production. Finally, High-power but low interest must be kept involved, being government agencies including Kaeng Krung National Park Khlong Yan Wildlife Sanctuary, Nam Hak Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Takuk Nuea Subdistrict Administrative Organization, and Takuk Tai Subdistrict Administrative Organization. This group occupied full authority to allow water allocation in public utilities and maintenance related to the utilization regarding community livelihood.
บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ในการประมวลแผนการสื่อสารในภาวะฉุกเฉินระดับชาติ 3 ประเทศ ได้แก่ สหรัฐอเมริกา ญี่ปุ่น และเกาหลี เพื่อเปรียบเทียบแผนการสื่อสารในภาวะฉุกเฉินระดับชาติ หรือนโยบายใกล้เคียงที่น่าจะเทียบเท่าที่มีการประกาศใช้ระหว่างปี ค.ศ. 2010-2022 ซึ่งมีอิทธิพลต่อการกำหนดแผนปฏิบัติการ ยุทธศาสตร์ การมอบหมายหน่วยงานผู้รับผิดชอบ ขอบเขตของความรับผิดชอบ โครงสร้างพื้นฐานทางโทรคมนาคม สำหรับเป็นแนวทางในการพัฒนาแผนการสื่อสารในภาวะฉุกเฉินระดับชาติของประเทศไทยในการเตรียมพร้อมให้มีโครงสร้างพื้นฐานด้านการสื่อสาร ที่สอดคล้องต่อพฤติกรรมการรับ-ส่งข้อมูลระหว่างผู้ปฏิบัติงานในภาวะฉุกเฉิน ซึ่งศูนย์บัญชาการเหตุจำเป็นต้องมีการสื่อสารที่แม่นยำ รวดเร็วและเห็นภาพรวมของสถานการณ์ได้ในขณะเดียวกัน
คำสำคัญ: แผนการสื่อสารในภาวะฉุกเฉินระดับชาติ
ในงานประชุมวิชาการและนำเสนอผลงานเครือข่ายพัฒนาความเข้มแข็งต่อภัยพิบัติไทยระดับชาติ ครั้งที่ 1 หัวข้อ “ความยืดหยุ่นของภัยพิบัติในพื้นที่เมืองและความเป็นอยู่ที่ดีของชุมชน Urban Disaster Resilience and Community Well-Being” เมื่อวันศุกร์ที่ 2 มิถุนายน 2566 ณ ห้องสัมมนา KSS-801 ชั้น 8 อาคารเกษมศรี คณะวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยีสุขภาพ มหาวิทยาลัยนวมินทราธิราช
Somyanontanakul, J., Jumnianpol, S., & Suwanmolee, S. (2022). Indicators of Water User Association for Sustainability Transition: A Preliminary Model. THA 2022 International Conference on Moving Towards Sustainable Water and Climate Change Management After COVID-19, 26-28 January 2022, Online Platform.
In this paper, the researchers review criteria and indicators of water user associations to provide a preliminary model of water users who can manage water following the concept of sustainability transitions. The definitions of Water User Association (WUA) and the concept of ustainabili ty transitions are starting points to design the desirable characteristics of WUA. Methods used in the paper are documentary research and in-depth interviews with key informants from twelve case studies. The paper will then propose indicators for assessing a water user group’s organizati on
and performance with relation to water management. The authors expect that, apart from identifying shortcomings of a water user group in question, we will also specify capacity-building needed to uplift the water user group’s performance. Therefore, the indicators would increase
the water user group's capacity for managing water in sustainable ways.
Sirinon Suwanmolee (2021). The Gamification of Covid-19 Pandemic as an Active Learning Tool in Disaster Education. 6th UPI International Conference on TVET 2020 (TVET 2020), 520 (Tvet 2020), Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 365–369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210203.149
COVID-19 likely affected our daily life for a long time. Skill to monitor this pandemic is important in order to increase our adaptability particularly during these tough times. Generally, a non-science learner always tends to ignore news related to the scientific contents of COVID-19 as they claimed they are lack of scientific knowledge's background. Thus, this work aims to increase their understanding particularly on scientific contents of COVID-19 by integrating disaster education into game mechanics in order to motivate better behavioral outcomes and simultaneously able to increase awareness and scientific knowledge on COVID-19. In this work, we integrate disaster risk management approaches via gamification strategy by introducing game elements such as goals and conflicts and gameful experiences in non-game context called gamification of COVID-19.
https://www.rcrc-resilience-southeastasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Paper28.pdf
This article aims to review the disaster education, which is established on activity-based on active learning. This studying induced the learner understand importance of disaster managements.
The goal setting of disaster education is creating disaster resilient culture. KAP model as the knowledge, the attitude and the practice were generated through the role play in the game activities. The Disaster's knowledge transfer is very important, but it is not enough to initiated the behavior change. I use my experience from Chiangrai Earthquake to create "Quakequest Board Game". It's the Top-table board game. The players would be take the role play as the Chief Executive of the sub district Administrative Organization (SAO). They have to response and coping with the disaster risk. The players might know the disaster risk assessment equation to deal with the risk , the vulnerability, then increase the coping capacity in the final phase. The winner is the player who minimize the risk This game has three phases as; the emergency, recovery and preparedness phase. The player are learned the disaster characteristic from the mission from situation cards. The players have to communicate and negotiate to other Chief Executives SAO about their hazard and vulnerability to response the situation. The player will have the attitude of collaboration from the practices of the resource allocation along disaster management. The after action review (AAR) at the end might revealed the players risk assessment skills and led them link their lesson learnt about disaster management. The finding shows that the disaster education on the active learning might increased the understanding of the disaster risk reduction and the attitude of resource sharing. However, this game need more develop to the other target group in the future. Finally, the limitation of this board game is the game facilitator skill. Because the facilitator skill is the factor that determinates the players express their competence and showed their behavior which become the lesson learn to adjust their behavior. 2 1. Introduction A warning will be useless, if people do not know what to do in emergency scene. Absornsuda, S. (2008) said, Education is a part of awareness and preparedness. It is the least expensive and most efficient way for disaster mitigation, even without sophisticated and expensive technologies for early warning, the people can escape from and mitigate the impact of the natural disasters safely if they know the characteristics of the disasters scientifically. Disaster Education have gained useful knowledge and skill through qualified education are much better prepared to contribute to process of rebuilding their own live and even others' lives around student (Faupel, Kelley, & Petee, 1992) It empowered disaster risk reduction knowledge, confidence and practical skills. Every government in ASEAN are confronted with the challenge of mitigating disasters and minimizing the effects, But Thailand still lack of disaster education in compulsory curriculum or formal education. Disaster content just a part of the subject of social study by lecture based. Formal education may enhance cognitive ability, information processing and learning skills so individuals with higher education respond better in hard times, such as when the disaster strikes. Muttarak, R., and W. Pothisiri. (2013). said, Disaster education can enhance personal preparedness, which is crucial in mitigation the disaster risks. However, the effectiveness of such education might be limited only sub group of the population, such as highly educated individuals, Thus, policies the ensure universal access to formal education at least at the secondary level can be beneficial in reducing vulnerability and mitigating disaster impacts. Nevertheless, I find three problem of the disaster education from my activity based experience as 1) Lack of knowledge management (KM): knowledge mapping, categories or level of disaster management is not clear. KM of disaster must categorize by level of management from individual (self-organize) level, community level, sub district level, provincial level, and national level. Moreover, most information about disaster are meaning and effect of disaster. It hard to find the content related how to deal with the worst case scenario in practically. 2) Lack of local context integrated in the course: Scenario planning and experience linking in local context not often applied to the course. It' s not induce the learner understand the relationship among actors. 3) Lack of the "tool" and "How to": It hard to find the content about "How to survive" (self-organize) in Thai context. I don't have the education tool to make understanding the overview of disaster managements which linkage with self-organize to coping with disaster in individual level. While studying the disaster mitigation, the learner are not only given lectures to get the knowledge but also given the problems, or they set the tasks by themselves and they solve by themselves or by the cooperation with the other learner. (BRI and GRIPS. , 2007). The problem above are inspired me created the game named "QuakeQuest" as the tool for activity based disaster education. This game was construct by Gamification and KAP model to educate the disaster risk governance from Chiangrai Earthquake case study as followed.
Sirinon Suwanmolee. (2017). The Path Analysis of Causal Factors Influencing on the Inter-organizations Integration of Chiang Rai’s Earthquake Mitigation in Community Level. Journal of Community Development and Life Quality, 5(3) Jun 2018, 633-653.
The objectives of this article were to study the influencing factors and influencing paths of the inter-organization integration of Chiang Rai's earthquake mitigation at the community level. The affected area, composed of 425 communities of Mae Lao, Phan Mae Suai, was defined as the population for purposive sampling in this study. This quantitative research used questionnaires to collect data over a period of two years after the earthquake of May-July 2016. Respondents were 252 village headmen and assistant headmen who represented the affected area. The data were analyzed for percentage, mean (x̅), standard deviation (S.D.) and Person correlation coefficient (r), by SPSS version 11, then determined the path influencing and constructed validity by Mplus 6.11. The research results were as follows: the structural equation model showed a goodness-of-fit with p-value = 0.4328, í µí¼2/df = 42.890/42, RMSEA=0.009, CFI=0.999, TLI=0.998. Influencing factors affect the structure equation model as a feedback loop structure. All factors were statistically significant indifferently. When considering each factor in detail, the influencing paths began with: the cognition factor had influence on the communication factor. Then the village leader communicates with the local administrators, and it leads the coordination which influences the mitigation activity. Finally, the mitigation activities influence the villagers' cognition of the earthquake risk.
in 2014 Chiangrai Province Earthquake
This study aims to 1) examine the problems and contexts in disaster management policy for the earthquake preparedness following the public disaster prevention and mitigation strategy plan 2) examine the social network in local, provincial and national level which related to Chiangrai’s earthquake preparedness 3) examine the guideline for the inter-organizational integration in Chiangrai’s earthquake mitigation. The methodology of this study is mixed-method approach. The social network analysis is used to explore the relation among the disaster actors. The social network analysis is used to analyze the other relationship among the Government sector, people, and civil society in the affected area. It was found during the qualitative data analysis that the topology of the relation between the disaster management organizations is the mixed pattern of the star and the tree. Most relations were centralized to the central authority. During the emergency, the organizations at the province were united and ready to perform on duty cross jurisdiction, for Chiangrai Province’s organization had planned the roles and responsibilities of each organization and organized the rehearsal previously. However, the recovery phase faced some limitations. The management process was prolonged, and there was insufficient information system and the coordination between the mitigation organizations. These limitations slow down the recovery process. The cross-functioning action such as information or resource sharing could not be fully performed. Each unit collected their own data without sharing them together. There was also the limitation in the disaster risk-evaluation and the disaster management planning. The most suitable policy to decrease the impact of the earthquake should then start by developing the inter-organizational coordination. For example, the provincial’s disaster information must be shared. And the local level must be encouraged to utilize the information technology, resources allocation and thus increase the capacity to cope with the disaster. Finally, the pattern of relationship between each disaster management organizations should be flexible and adaptive from decentralize network to distribute network when the crisis is over.
Keyword : disaster management, mitigation, preparedness, social network analysis, Chiangrai, Earthquake
Sirinon Suwanmolee
School of Social and Environmental Development
National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA)
non196@gmail.com
Keyword : disaster management, mitigation, preparedness, social network analysis, Chiangrai, Earthquake
การวิจัยในครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาสภาพปัญหาและอุปสรรคด้านนโยบายในการเตรียมพร้อมรับมือกับแผ่นดินไหวของจังหวัดเชียงรายตามแผนยุทธศาสตร์การป้องกันและบรรเทาสาธารณภัย 2) ศึกษาเครือข่ายทางสังคมในระดับท้องถิ่น ระดับจังหวัดและระดับชาติที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการเตรียมพร้อมรับมือกับแผ่นดินไหวของจังหวัดเชียงราย 3) ศึกษาแนวทางในการบูรณาการความร่วมมือระหว่างหน่วยงานที่สนับสนุนการลดผลกระทบจากเหตุแผ่นดินไหวของจังหวัดเชียงราย วิธีวิจัยจึงใช้การวิจัยแบบผสม โดยใช้การวิเคราะห์เครือข่ายทางสังคม (social network analysis) แสดงภาพความสัมพันธ์ของตัวแสดงทั้งภาครัฐ ภาคประชาชนและภาคประชาสังคมที่มีส่วนร่วมในการจัดการภัย ผลการวิจัยจากข้อมูลเชิงคุณภาพ พบว่า Topology ของเครือข่ายมีลักษณะผสมระหว่างดาว (star) กับต้นไม้ (tree) ความสัมพันธ์ส่วนใหญ่รวมศูนย์อยู่กับส่วนบัญชาการกลาง ในภาวะฉุกเฉินหน่วยงานระดับจังหวัดสามารถปฏิบัติงานได้ค่อนข้างพร้อมและเป็นเอกภาพ เพราะจังหวัดเชียงรายมีแผนปฏิบัติการรับมือแผ่นดินไหวที่ระบุบทบาทหน้าที่ของหน่วยงานต่างๆในระยะฉุกเฉินไว้ชัดเจนและเคยซ้อมไว้ก่อนเกิดภัยแล้ว แต่การฟื้นฟูในระยะถัดมากลับพบข้อจำกัด เนื่องจากการบริหารแบบรวมศูนย์กลาง ทำให้การส่งต่อข้อมูลมีหลายขั้นการฟื้นฟูจึงทำได้ล่าช้า ขณะที่การขาดระบบสารสนเทศสำหรับเชื่อมโยงฐานข้อมูลระหว่างหน่วยงานเข้าด้วยกัน ก็ทำให้ข้อมูลแต่ละหน่วยเก็บมาไม่ถูกใช้ร่วมกัน การแลกเปลี่ยนข้อมูลและแบ่งปันทรัพยากรก็เกิดขึ้นไม่เต็มที่ การประเมินความเสี่ยงสำหรับทำแผนเตรียมพร้อมป้องกันภัยเป็นองค์รวมจึงยังจำกัด นโยบายที่เหมาะสมกับการลดผลกระทบจากภัยพิบัติโดยการพัฒนาความร่วมมือระหว่างหน่วยงานจึงควรเริ่มจาก การปรับปรุงการกระจายอำนาจ ให้ท้องถิ่นมีส่วนร่วมในการสะท้อนปัญหาในพื้นที่เพื่อปรับปรุงกระบวนการฟื้นฟูและพัฒนาศักยภาพชุมชนในการรับภัย การใช้เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศมาสนับสนุนการแลกเปลี่ยนและการกระจายทรัพยากรให้เครือข่ายสามารถปรับเปลี่ยนรูปแบบได้อย่างยืดหยุ่นและปรับตัวจากแบบกระจายอำนาจออกจากส่วนกลางมาเป็นแบบกระจายได้เมื่อสถานการณ์คลี่คลาย
คำสำคัญ:
การจัดการภัยพิบัติ, การลดผลกระทบ, การเตรียมพร้อมป้องกันภัย, การวิเคราะห์เครือข่ายทางสังคม, เชียงราย, แผ่นดินไหว
Abstract
The Sea Nomads (Choa-lay) are gypsy ethnics. Their ways of life rely on fisheries along Andaman coastal. They are directly affected from globalization due to the becoming of the sea and land on Andaman coastal as an important asset to serve an international customer in tourism industry. As the capitalism accelerates the competitive advantage, Rawai beach’s sea nomads village becomes an arena of crisis. Their ancestral land, which used to be the ritual land and habitat, is now scrambled away to build the hotel and resort. These conflicts lead to the violation of ethnic rights and housing insecurity, while the policy of natural conservation also ignore their customary ways of life. For the law prohibited everyone (not except the sea nomads) to do fisheries on Marine National Park. The environment that used to be resourceful are also degrading, causing more problems to the fisheries. It can then be said that the current status of the sea nomads is “No sea for food, No land to live”. Whole problems force them cannot inherit theirs tradition’s folklore no longer. Thus, this article proposes to display the sea nomad’s social pattern on cultural ecology perspective which confronts the cultural vulnerability problem, land conflict and housing insecurity among the economic development of Thailand. Then the new social movement of the sea nomads that negotiate with the government authorities to revise the natural conservation’s law for their equitable. Since, latest progress in January 2015, they achieve the lessen resolution and guideline for coastal indigenous fishing of the sea nomads ethnics, which 4 main issue as, 1) the lessen regulations of volume and type of aquatic animals which sea nomads allowed to fishing in each sail. 2) the lessen regulation of fisheries season which sea nomads are allowed fisheries for all season. 3) the sea nomads are allow use their fishing equipment along their Indigenous wisdom and 4) the fisheries’ s licenses card for sea nomads, be legitimate.
Suwanmolee, S., Jallapakdee,P., Somyanontanakul, J., Jumnianpol,S. ,Tepin, A., Karanet,K., Phuboonkong,A. (2022). Stakeholder Analysis of Hydrological Hazard and Water Utilization toward the Network of Klongyan River Basin for Restoration and Conservation. Proceeding : Community Disaster Resilience and Crisisonomy in the 4th Industrial Revolution Era, The 16th International Conference on Crisis and Emergency Management Program. Korea, China, Japan, U.S.A., Thailand, Pakistan, Nepal, Mongolia, ADPC, and TNDR.
Klongyan River Basin Restoration and Conservation Network is an implementing model that meets the criteria belong a Water User Association (WUA) following the definition of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI)(1). Stakeholder analysis would be useful to the network in order to assess the potential changes to influence relevant and interested parties on water resource utilization. The finding of this research shows that a High-powered, highinterest group that must be kept closely involved since the beginning of the project, including the Forest and Sea for Life Foundation, Farmers as water user in the Khlong Yan River Basin, Community Mountain Water User Group, Fish culture conservation zoning group. For Lowpower but a high-interest group that need to provide information regularly including the Hydro-Informatics Institute (HII), Utokapat Foundation, Friends in Need of Pa Foundation which influence the hydrological hazard preparedness toward the communities. while the Coca-Cola Foundation Thailand influenced funding to build check dams to ensure consistent water retention in the water source ecosystem. for Surat Thani Rajabhat University has sent students to work on community development. Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Campus supports technical knowledge in community drinking water production. Finally, High-power but low interest must be kept involved, being government agencies including Kaeng Krung National Park Khlong Yan Wildlife Sanctuary, Nam Hak Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Takuk Nuea Subdistrict Administrative Organization, and Takuk Tai Subdistrict Administrative Organization. This group occupied full authority to allow water allocation in public utilities and maintenance related to the utilization regarding community livelihood.
บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ในการประมวลแผนการสื่อสารในภาวะฉุกเฉินระดับชาติ 3 ประเทศ ได้แก่ สหรัฐอเมริกา ญี่ปุ่น และเกาหลี เพื่อเปรียบเทียบแผนการสื่อสารในภาวะฉุกเฉินระดับชาติ หรือนโยบายใกล้เคียงที่น่าจะเทียบเท่าที่มีการประกาศใช้ระหว่างปี ค.ศ. 2010-2022 ซึ่งมีอิทธิพลต่อการกำหนดแผนปฏิบัติการ ยุทธศาสตร์ การมอบหมายหน่วยงานผู้รับผิดชอบ ขอบเขตของความรับผิดชอบ โครงสร้างพื้นฐานทางโทรคมนาคม สำหรับเป็นแนวทางในการพัฒนาแผนการสื่อสารในภาวะฉุกเฉินระดับชาติของประเทศไทยในการเตรียมพร้อมให้มีโครงสร้างพื้นฐานด้านการสื่อสาร ที่สอดคล้องต่อพฤติกรรมการรับ-ส่งข้อมูลระหว่างผู้ปฏิบัติงานในภาวะฉุกเฉิน ซึ่งศูนย์บัญชาการเหตุจำเป็นต้องมีการสื่อสารที่แม่นยำ รวดเร็วและเห็นภาพรวมของสถานการณ์ได้ในขณะเดียวกัน
คำสำคัญ: แผนการสื่อสารในภาวะฉุกเฉินระดับชาติ
ในงานประชุมวิชาการและนำเสนอผลงานเครือข่ายพัฒนาความเข้มแข็งต่อภัยพิบัติไทยระดับชาติ ครั้งที่ 1 หัวข้อ “ความยืดหยุ่นของภัยพิบัติในพื้นที่เมืองและความเป็นอยู่ที่ดีของชุมชน Urban Disaster Resilience and Community Well-Being” เมื่อวันศุกร์ที่ 2 มิถุนายน 2566 ณ ห้องสัมมนา KSS-801 ชั้น 8 อาคารเกษมศรี คณะวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยีสุขภาพ มหาวิทยาลัยนวมินทราธิราช
Somyanontanakul, J., Jumnianpol, S., & Suwanmolee, S. (2022). Indicators of Water User Association for Sustainability Transition: A Preliminary Model. THA 2022 International Conference on Moving Towards Sustainable Water and Climate Change Management After COVID-19, 26-28 January 2022, Online Platform.
In this paper, the researchers review criteria and indicators of water user associations to provide a preliminary model of water users who can manage water following the concept of sustainability transitions. The definitions of Water User Association (WUA) and the concept of ustainabili ty transitions are starting points to design the desirable characteristics of WUA. Methods used in the paper are documentary research and in-depth interviews with key informants from twelve case studies. The paper will then propose indicators for assessing a water user group’s organizati on
and performance with relation to water management. The authors expect that, apart from identifying shortcomings of a water user group in question, we will also specify capacity-building needed to uplift the water user group’s performance. Therefore, the indicators would increase
the water user group's capacity for managing water in sustainable ways.
Sirinon Suwanmolee (2021). The Gamification of Covid-19 Pandemic as an Active Learning Tool in Disaster Education. 6th UPI International Conference on TVET 2020 (TVET 2020), 520 (Tvet 2020), Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 365–369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210203.149
COVID-19 likely affected our daily life for a long time. Skill to monitor this pandemic is important in order to increase our adaptability particularly during these tough times. Generally, a non-science learner always tends to ignore news related to the scientific contents of COVID-19 as they claimed they are lack of scientific knowledge's background. Thus, this work aims to increase their understanding particularly on scientific contents of COVID-19 by integrating disaster education into game mechanics in order to motivate better behavioral outcomes and simultaneously able to increase awareness and scientific knowledge on COVID-19. In this work, we integrate disaster risk management approaches via gamification strategy by introducing game elements such as goals and conflicts and gameful experiences in non-game context called gamification of COVID-19.
https://www.rcrc-resilience-southeastasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Paper28.pdf
This article aims to review the disaster education, which is established on activity-based on active learning. This studying induced the learner understand importance of disaster managements.
The goal setting of disaster education is creating disaster resilient culture. KAP model as the knowledge, the attitude and the practice were generated through the role play in the game activities. The Disaster's knowledge transfer is very important, but it is not enough to initiated the behavior change. I use my experience from Chiangrai Earthquake to create "Quakequest Board Game". It's the Top-table board game. The players would be take the role play as the Chief Executive of the sub district Administrative Organization (SAO). They have to response and coping with the disaster risk. The players might know the disaster risk assessment equation to deal with the risk , the vulnerability, then increase the coping capacity in the final phase. The winner is the player who minimize the risk This game has three phases as; the emergency, recovery and preparedness phase. The player are learned the disaster characteristic from the mission from situation cards. The players have to communicate and negotiate to other Chief Executives SAO about their hazard and vulnerability to response the situation. The player will have the attitude of collaboration from the practices of the resource allocation along disaster management. The after action review (AAR) at the end might revealed the players risk assessment skills and led them link their lesson learnt about disaster management. The finding shows that the disaster education on the active learning might increased the understanding of the disaster risk reduction and the attitude of resource sharing. However, this game need more develop to the other target group in the future. Finally, the limitation of this board game is the game facilitator skill. Because the facilitator skill is the factor that determinates the players express their competence and showed their behavior which become the lesson learn to adjust their behavior. 2 1. Introduction A warning will be useless, if people do not know what to do in emergency scene. Absornsuda, S. (2008) said, Education is a part of awareness and preparedness. It is the least expensive and most efficient way for disaster mitigation, even without sophisticated and expensive technologies for early warning, the people can escape from and mitigate the impact of the natural disasters safely if they know the characteristics of the disasters scientifically. Disaster Education have gained useful knowledge and skill through qualified education are much better prepared to contribute to process of rebuilding their own live and even others' lives around student (Faupel, Kelley, & Petee, 1992) It empowered disaster risk reduction knowledge, confidence and practical skills. Every government in ASEAN are confronted with the challenge of mitigating disasters and minimizing the effects, But Thailand still lack of disaster education in compulsory curriculum or formal education. Disaster content just a part of the subject of social study by lecture based. Formal education may enhance cognitive ability, information processing and learning skills so individuals with higher education respond better in hard times, such as when the disaster strikes. Muttarak, R., and W. Pothisiri. (2013). said, Disaster education can enhance personal preparedness, which is crucial in mitigation the disaster risks. However, the effectiveness of such education might be limited only sub group of the population, such as highly educated individuals, Thus, policies the ensure universal access to formal education at least at the secondary level can be beneficial in reducing vulnerability and mitigating disaster impacts. Nevertheless, I find three problem of the disaster education from my activity based experience as 1) Lack of knowledge management (KM): knowledge mapping, categories or level of disaster management is not clear. KM of disaster must categorize by level of management from individual (self-organize) level, community level, sub district level, provincial level, and national level. Moreover, most information about disaster are meaning and effect of disaster. It hard to find the content related how to deal with the worst case scenario in practically. 2) Lack of local context integrated in the course: Scenario planning and experience linking in local context not often applied to the course. It' s not induce the learner understand the relationship among actors. 3) Lack of the "tool" and "How to": It hard to find the content about "How to survive" (self-organize) in Thai context. I don't have the education tool to make understanding the overview of disaster managements which linkage with self-organize to coping with disaster in individual level. While studying the disaster mitigation, the learner are not only given lectures to get the knowledge but also given the problems, or they set the tasks by themselves and they solve by themselves or by the cooperation with the other learner. (BRI and GRIPS. , 2007). The problem above are inspired me created the game named "QuakeQuest" as the tool for activity based disaster education. This game was construct by Gamification and KAP model to educate the disaster risk governance from Chiangrai Earthquake case study as followed.
Sirinon Suwanmolee. (2017). The Path Analysis of Causal Factors Influencing on the Inter-organizations Integration of Chiang Rai’s Earthquake Mitigation in Community Level. Journal of Community Development and Life Quality, 5(3) Jun 2018, 633-653.
The objectives of this article were to study the influencing factors and influencing paths of the inter-organization integration of Chiang Rai's earthquake mitigation at the community level. The affected area, composed of 425 communities of Mae Lao, Phan Mae Suai, was defined as the population for purposive sampling in this study. This quantitative research used questionnaires to collect data over a period of two years after the earthquake of May-July 2016. Respondents were 252 village headmen and assistant headmen who represented the affected area. The data were analyzed for percentage, mean (x̅), standard deviation (S.D.) and Person correlation coefficient (r), by SPSS version 11, then determined the path influencing and constructed validity by Mplus 6.11. The research results were as follows: the structural equation model showed a goodness-of-fit with p-value = 0.4328, í µí¼2/df = 42.890/42, RMSEA=0.009, CFI=0.999, TLI=0.998. Influencing factors affect the structure equation model as a feedback loop structure. All factors were statistically significant indifferently. When considering each factor in detail, the influencing paths began with: the cognition factor had influence on the communication factor. Then the village leader communicates with the local administrators, and it leads the coordination which influences the mitigation activity. Finally, the mitigation activities influence the villagers' cognition of the earthquake risk.
in 2014 Chiangrai Province Earthquake
This study aims to 1) examine the problems and contexts in disaster management policy for the earthquake preparedness following the public disaster prevention and mitigation strategy plan 2) examine the social network in local, provincial and national level which related to Chiangrai’s earthquake preparedness 3) examine the guideline for the inter-organizational integration in Chiangrai’s earthquake mitigation. The methodology of this study is mixed-method approach. The social network analysis is used to explore the relation among the disaster actors. The social network analysis is used to analyze the other relationship among the Government sector, people, and civil society in the affected area. It was found during the qualitative data analysis that the topology of the relation between the disaster management organizations is the mixed pattern of the star and the tree. Most relations were centralized to the central authority. During the emergency, the organizations at the province were united and ready to perform on duty cross jurisdiction, for Chiangrai Province’s organization had planned the roles and responsibilities of each organization and organized the rehearsal previously. However, the recovery phase faced some limitations. The management process was prolonged, and there was insufficient information system and the coordination between the mitigation organizations. These limitations slow down the recovery process. The cross-functioning action such as information or resource sharing could not be fully performed. Each unit collected their own data without sharing them together. There was also the limitation in the disaster risk-evaluation and the disaster management planning. The most suitable policy to decrease the impact of the earthquake should then start by developing the inter-organizational coordination. For example, the provincial’s disaster information must be shared. And the local level must be encouraged to utilize the information technology, resources allocation and thus increase the capacity to cope with the disaster. Finally, the pattern of relationship between each disaster management organizations should be flexible and adaptive from decentralize network to distribute network when the crisis is over.
Keyword : disaster management, mitigation, preparedness, social network analysis, Chiangrai, Earthquake
Sirinon Suwanmolee
School of Social and Environmental Development
National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA)
non196@gmail.com
Keyword : disaster management, mitigation, preparedness, social network analysis, Chiangrai, Earthquake
การวิจัยในครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาสภาพปัญหาและอุปสรรคด้านนโยบายในการเตรียมพร้อมรับมือกับแผ่นดินไหวของจังหวัดเชียงรายตามแผนยุทธศาสตร์การป้องกันและบรรเทาสาธารณภัย 2) ศึกษาเครือข่ายทางสังคมในระดับท้องถิ่น ระดับจังหวัดและระดับชาติที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการเตรียมพร้อมรับมือกับแผ่นดินไหวของจังหวัดเชียงราย 3) ศึกษาแนวทางในการบูรณาการความร่วมมือระหว่างหน่วยงานที่สนับสนุนการลดผลกระทบจากเหตุแผ่นดินไหวของจังหวัดเชียงราย วิธีวิจัยจึงใช้การวิจัยแบบผสม โดยใช้การวิเคราะห์เครือข่ายทางสังคม (social network analysis) แสดงภาพความสัมพันธ์ของตัวแสดงทั้งภาครัฐ ภาคประชาชนและภาคประชาสังคมที่มีส่วนร่วมในการจัดการภัย ผลการวิจัยจากข้อมูลเชิงคุณภาพ พบว่า Topology ของเครือข่ายมีลักษณะผสมระหว่างดาว (star) กับต้นไม้ (tree) ความสัมพันธ์ส่วนใหญ่รวมศูนย์อยู่กับส่วนบัญชาการกลาง ในภาวะฉุกเฉินหน่วยงานระดับจังหวัดสามารถปฏิบัติงานได้ค่อนข้างพร้อมและเป็นเอกภาพ เพราะจังหวัดเชียงรายมีแผนปฏิบัติการรับมือแผ่นดินไหวที่ระบุบทบาทหน้าที่ของหน่วยงานต่างๆในระยะฉุกเฉินไว้ชัดเจนและเคยซ้อมไว้ก่อนเกิดภัยแล้ว แต่การฟื้นฟูในระยะถัดมากลับพบข้อจำกัด เนื่องจากการบริหารแบบรวมศูนย์กลาง ทำให้การส่งต่อข้อมูลมีหลายขั้นการฟื้นฟูจึงทำได้ล่าช้า ขณะที่การขาดระบบสารสนเทศสำหรับเชื่อมโยงฐานข้อมูลระหว่างหน่วยงานเข้าด้วยกัน ก็ทำให้ข้อมูลแต่ละหน่วยเก็บมาไม่ถูกใช้ร่วมกัน การแลกเปลี่ยนข้อมูลและแบ่งปันทรัพยากรก็เกิดขึ้นไม่เต็มที่ การประเมินความเสี่ยงสำหรับทำแผนเตรียมพร้อมป้องกันภัยเป็นองค์รวมจึงยังจำกัด นโยบายที่เหมาะสมกับการลดผลกระทบจากภัยพิบัติโดยการพัฒนาความร่วมมือระหว่างหน่วยงานจึงควรเริ่มจาก การปรับปรุงการกระจายอำนาจ ให้ท้องถิ่นมีส่วนร่วมในการสะท้อนปัญหาในพื้นที่เพื่อปรับปรุงกระบวนการฟื้นฟูและพัฒนาศักยภาพชุมชนในการรับภัย การใช้เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศมาสนับสนุนการแลกเปลี่ยนและการกระจายทรัพยากรให้เครือข่ายสามารถปรับเปลี่ยนรูปแบบได้อย่างยืดหยุ่นและปรับตัวจากแบบกระจายอำนาจออกจากส่วนกลางมาเป็นแบบกระจายได้เมื่อสถานการณ์คลี่คลาย
คำสำคัญ:
การจัดการภัยพิบัติ, การลดผลกระทบ, การเตรียมพร้อมป้องกันภัย, การวิเคราะห์เครือข่ายทางสังคม, เชียงราย, แผ่นดินไหว
Abstract
The Sea Nomads (Choa-lay) are gypsy ethnics. Their ways of life rely on fisheries along Andaman coastal. They are directly affected from globalization due to the becoming of the sea and land on Andaman coastal as an important asset to serve an international customer in tourism industry. As the capitalism accelerates the competitive advantage, Rawai beach’s sea nomads village becomes an arena of crisis. Their ancestral land, which used to be the ritual land and habitat, is now scrambled away to build the hotel and resort. These conflicts lead to the violation of ethnic rights and housing insecurity, while the policy of natural conservation also ignore their customary ways of life. For the law prohibited everyone (not except the sea nomads) to do fisheries on Marine National Park. The environment that used to be resourceful are also degrading, causing more problems to the fisheries. It can then be said that the current status of the sea nomads is “No sea for food, No land to live”. Whole problems force them cannot inherit theirs tradition’s folklore no longer. Thus, this article proposes to display the sea nomad’s social pattern on cultural ecology perspective which confronts the cultural vulnerability problem, land conflict and housing insecurity among the economic development of Thailand. Then the new social movement of the sea nomads that negotiate with the government authorities to revise the natural conservation’s law for their equitable. Since, latest progress in January 2015, they achieve the lessen resolution and guideline for coastal indigenous fishing of the sea nomads ethnics, which 4 main issue as, 1) the lessen regulations of volume and type of aquatic animals which sea nomads allowed to fishing in each sail. 2) the lessen regulation of fisheries season which sea nomads are allowed fisheries for all season. 3) the sea nomads are allow use their fishing equipment along their Indigenous wisdom and 4) the fisheries’ s licenses card for sea nomads, be legitimate.
เขียนโดย Branko Milanovic
ปีที่พิมพ์ 2016
จัดพิมพ์โดย THE BELKNAP PRESS OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England,138 หน้า
วิจารณ์โดย ศิรินันต์ สุวรรณโมลี
คำสำคัญ : Globaliation, Inequity, economic
It was found that the problems and obstruction with the policy in the Chiangrai’s preparation for earthquake according to the disaster prevention and mitigation strategy could be described in three dimensions, following the concept of complex adaptive system, which were the organization flexibility, the technical infrastructure, and the cultural openness.
1) The organization flexibility dimension. It was found that the power structure in managing the local administration and the district offices was inconsistent. Many organization’s works were redundant. The provincial commanding center did not fully act as the mediator in resource raising and information sharing. The process adjustment according to the complaint feedback was slow. Each organization lack the adaptation and understanding in other organization’s role in the shared mission during the crisis. The earthquake drills were mostly the practice of interior rescue, rather than the practice of commanding between organizations and the affected area.
2) The Technical Infrastructure dimension. It was found that the communities lack the skill and the experience in self-organization during the disaster. The local officers did not let the community to participate in the sub-district disaster management planning. Cross-duty resource raising or working in the place of each other were limited. The adjustment of risk management plan according to the professional engineering knowledge was limited. The amendment of the local regulations in building control was not found. And there was the obstruction in spending the budget to prepare for the disaster.
3) The Cultural Openness dimension. It was found that the provincial commanding unit perceived that the local administrative organizations and the communities as the weak and passive, rather than being able to self-organize. And the operation officers would only follow the orders. The plan adjustment and the operation in disaster prevention and mitigation in the local level and the provincial level was not continuous. There was also the government culture problems in which the officers in the system lack the conscience to connect with other organization. They would not emphasis the official operation adjustment according to the feedback from the unofficial actors, and would not accept the mission in temporary data management without the permanent structure in the district organization. There was also limited priority for the community and the local capabilities development.
The social network analysis demonstrated the relationship of the actors from the government sector, the people sector, and the civil society who were involved in disaster management, that the topology of the network was decentralize. Most relationship were connected to the Emergency Operations Center (EOC). As the Chiangrai province had the operation plan during the earthquake that designated the roles of each organization in the emergency phases and had performed the drill previously, the provincial operation was ready and united during the crisis. However, during the recovery phases, the centralized management became the limitation when the provincial unit lack the information system to connect the inter-organization database. The data exchange and resource sharing among the organization could not fully occurred. And the risk estimation for the disaster prevention plan as a whole was also limited.
The integrated coordination in disaster risk management should start by adjusting the disaster management power distribution in the provincial level. There should be the inter-organization coordination in the distribution type, which would allow the local administrative organization to flexibly communicate and exchange resources with other organization. There should be the utilization of information technology in data management, and the communication system, which would support the network to adapt its form flexibly. The vertical and centralized relationship should be replaced by the distribution structure, so that the local administrative organization could exchange resources or coordinate with other organizations after the situation unfolded. As for the community level, there should be the knowledge training for people, so that they know how to conduct during the earthquake, as well as the training of risk estimation and building renovation to withstand the seismic activity for the local builders and the community leaders, which would encourage the risk awareness during the preparation for disaster together with the recovery and the disaster risk control.
3) ศึกษาแนวทางในการบูรณาการความร่วมมือระหว่างหน่วยงานที่สนับสนุนการลดผลกระทบจากเหตุแผ่นดินไหวของจังหวัดเชียงราย การเก็บข้อมูลเริ่มจากการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพตามด้วยการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณได้ผลการศึกษาตามวัตถุประสงค์ของการวิจัยคือ
สภาพปัญหาและอุปสรรคด้านนโยบายในการเตรียมพร้อมรับมือกับแผ่นดินไหวของจังหวัดเชียงรายตามแผนยุทธศาสตร์การป้องกันและบรรเทาสาธารณภัยตามองค์ประกอบมิติสังคมของแนวคิดระบบที่มีการปรับตัวในภาวะซับซ้อนพบปัญหาในแต่ละมิติคือ
1) มิติความยืดหยุ่นขององค์กร พบปัญหาว่าโครงสร้างของอำนาจในการจัดการทรัพยากรระดับท้องถิ่นกับท้องที่ไม่ได้สอดคล้องกัน หลายหน่วยงานยังมีการทำงานซ้ำซ้อน ศูนย์บัญชาการในระดับหน่วยจังหวัดไม่ได้ทำหน้าที่เป็นตัวกลางในการระดมทรัพยากรและแลกเปลี่ยนข่าวสารอย่างเต็มที่ การนำข้อมูลการร้องเรียนย้อนกลับมาปรับกระบวนการปฏิบัติงานเกิดขึ้นอย่างล่าช้า ยังขาดการปรับตัวและการทำความเข้าใจในบทบาทของแต่ละหน่วยงานในการปฏิบัติงานร่วมในภาวะวิกฤติ การซ้อมรับมือแผ่นดินไหวยังเป็นการซ้อมทักษะการกู้ภัยในอาคารมากกว่าการซ้อมบัญชาการระหว่างหน่วยงานกับพื้นที่ประสบภัย
2) มิติโครงสร้างพื้นฐานทางเทคนิค พบว่า ชุมชนขาดทักษะและประสบการณ์ในการจัดการตัวเองขณะเกิดภัยพิบัติ เจ้าหน้าที่ในท้องถิ่นยังขาดการดึงเอาชุมชนมาร่วมออกแบบแผนการจัดการภัยพิบัติในตำบล การระดมทรัพยากรในลักษณะข้ามหน้าที่หรือการทำงานแทนกันที่ยังเป็นไปได้จำกัด การนำความรู้ทางวิชาชีพวิศวกรรมมาปรับปรุงแผนจัดการความเสี่ยงยังเป็นไปอย่างจำกัด ไม่พบการปรับปรุงข้อบัญญัติท้องถิ่นเกี่ยวกับการควบคุมอาคาร และยังมีความติดขัดในการนำงบประมาณออกมาเตรียมพร้อมรับภัย
3) การเปิดกว้างทางวัฒนธรรม พบว่า ส่วนบัญชาการในระดับจังหวัดมองว่าท้องถิ่นและชุมชนอ่อนแอ เป็นฝ่ายรับมากกว่าที่จะจัดการตนเองและเจ้าหน้าที่ยังปฏิบัติงานแบบรอคำสั่ง การปรับปรุงแผน ปฏิบัติการป้องกันและบรรเทาสาธารณภัยระดับท้องถิ่นและจังหวัดยังไม่ต่อเนื่อง ปัญหาวัฒนธรรมราชการที่ผู้ปฏิบัติงานในระบบราชการขาดสำนึกในการผูกสัมพันธ์กับหน่วยงานอื่น การขาดการให้ความสำคัญกับการนำบทเรียนจากตัวแสดงที่ไม่เป็นทางการในระบบไปขยายผลสู่การทำงานที่เป็นทางการ การยอมรับภารกิจที่เพิ่มเข้ามาในการจัดการข้อมูลเฉพาะกิจที่ไม่มีโครงสร้างถาวรของหน่วยงานระดับอำเภอ การให้ความสำคัญกับการพัฒนาศักยภาพในการรับมือกับเหตุฉุกเฉินของชุมชนและท้องถิ่นยังจำกัด
การวิเคราะห์เครือข่ายทางสังคม (social network analysis) แสดงภาพความสัมพันธ์ของตัวแสดงทั้งภาครัฐ ภาคประชาชนและภาคประชาสังคมที่มีส่วนร่วมในการจัดการภัย พบว่า สภาพ (Topology) ของเครือข่ายมีลักษณะกระจายอำนาจออกจากส่วนกลาง (decentralize) ความสัมพันธ์ส่วนใหญ่รวมศูนย์เชื่อมโยงอยู่กับส่วนบัญชาการกลาง (EOC) ประกอบกับจังหวัดเชียงรายมีแผนปฏิบัติการรับมือแผ่นดินไหวที่ระบุบทบาทหน้าที่ของหน่วยงานต่างๆในระยะฉุกเฉินไว้ชัดเจนและเคยซ้อมไว้ก่อนเกิดภัยแล้ว การปฏิบัติงานในภาวะฉุกเฉินของหน่วยงานระดับจังหวัดจึงค่อนข้างพร้อมและเป็นเอกภาพ แต่ถัดมาในระยะฟื้นฟูการบริหารแบบรวมศูนย์กลางกลับเป็นข้อจำกัด เมื่อหน่วยงานระดับจังหวัดยังขาดระบบสารสนเทศสำหรับเชื่อมโยงฐานข้อมูลระหว่างหน่วยงานเข้าด้วยกัน การแลกเปลี่ยนข้อมูลและแบ่งปันทรัพยากรระหว่างหน่วยงานจึงเกิดขึ้นได้ไม่เต็มที่ การประเมินความเสี่ยงสำหรับทำแผนเตรียมพร้อมป้องกันภัยเป็นองค์รวมจึงยังจำกัด
การบูรณาการความร่วมมือเพื่อการบริการจัดการภัยพิบัติ ควรเริ่มจากการปรับปรุงให้หน่วยงานระดับจังหวัดกระจายอำนาจในการบริหารจัดภัยพิบัติ สานความร่วมมือข้ามภาคส่วนในลักษณะของการกระจาย (distribution) ให้ท้องถิ่นสามารถสื่อสารและแลกเปลี่ยนทรัพยากรกับหน่วยงานต่างๆได้คล่องตัว นำเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศมาใช้ในการจัดการข้อมูลและระบบสื่อสารหนุนเสริมให้เครือข่ายสามารถปรับเปลี่ยนรูปแบบได้อย่างยืดหยุ่น ปรับตัวจากความสัมพันธ์ที่มีโครงสร้างแบบกระจายอำนาจออกจากส่วนกลาง มาเป็นโครงสร้างแบบกระจายที่องค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นสามารถแลกเปลี่ยนทรัพยากรหรือประสานความร่วมมือจากหน่วยงานต่างๆได้เองได้เมื่อสถานการณ์คลี่คลาย ส่วนในระดับชุมชน ให้มีการเผยแพร่ความรู้ในการเผชิญเหตุแผ่นดินไหวกับประชาชนทั่วไป ควบคู่ไปกับการให้ความรู้ในการประเมินความเสี่ยงและการซ่อมสร้างอาคารให้ทนกับแผ่นดินไหวแก่ช่างท้องถิ่นและผู้นำชุมชน เพื่อสนับสนุนการรับรู้ความเสี่ยงเพื่อเตรียมพร้อมรับมือภัยพิบัติควบคู่กับการฟื้นฟูและควบคุมความเสี่ยงจากภัยพิบัติไปพร้อมๆกัน
Therefore, this experiment aims to utilize gamification method to transform a mechanism of rain-triggered landslide to monitor landslide. It can motivate individual action, promote learning, and solve problems as an education tool (Kapp, K., 2012). Reviewed the documentary research to design the game is; the knowledge related landslide, learning theory and disaster resilience were integrated into gamification techniques to design the component of a game such as goals, rules, conflict, times, reward, feedback, levels. This experiential learning exercise was constructed following the game-design-based gamification rubric of Gallego-Durán et al., (2019). The game prototype has adopted a mechanism of rain-triggered landslide monitoring that driven consequence event. While key messages of landslide preparedness were integrated to motivate the player to solve the problem with collaborative actions.
The study shows that community is an actor impacted decentralization from Local administration organization as well as first encounter the disaster, they have to be open for an operator in the system to take part of the decision-making process in enhancing the community’s resilience to response their crisis by 4 factors as following
1) Cognition is risk monitoring and realizes how to response the situation, damages assessment, and cognition what is the consequence.Learning how to utilize scientific information to mitigate the risk, as well as innovation to enhance adaptability in each phase.
2) Communication is the key led to the inter-agency operation. Communication-based on using’s common scientific information can create share meaning in finding solutions between groups. Contributing clear communication will lead to adjustment on integrated disaster management.
3) Coordination is an action that local actors organize to higher actors and various level actor to achieve a common goal following good communication in mitigating risk
4) Control, the definition of this case is sharing knowledge, abilities and action in response to help affected area mitigate the risk while different organizations can act on their own ways. Thus, controlling risk can be occurred by keeping actions to achieve common objectives to protect lives, property, and recovery.
Therefore, to elaborate on how the importance of integrated disaster management to strengthen communities’ resilience in Thailand. This article may represent Meaphun subdistrict’s flash flood and landslide in 2006 as a case study to link issue and solution which have been solved by adopted transdisciplinary approach step by step as follows.