There is an increasing focus on researching children admitted to hospital with new variants of CO... more There is an increasing focus on researching children admitted to hospital with new variants of COVID-19, combined with concerns with hyperinflammatory syndromes and the overuse of antimicrobials. Paediatric guidelines have been produced in Bangladesh to improve their care. Consequently, the objective is to document the management of children with COVID-19 among 24 hospitals in Bangladesh. Key outcome measures included the percentage prescribed different antimicrobials, adherence to paediatric guidelines and mortality rates using purposely developed report forms. The majority of 146 admitted children were aged 5 years or under (62.3%) and were boys (58.9%). Reasons for admission included fever, respiratory distress and coughing; 86.3% were prescribed antibiotics, typically parenterally, on the WHO ‘Watch’ list, and empirically (98.4%). There were no differences in antibiotic use whether hospitals followed paediatric guidance or not. There was no prescribing of antimalarials and limit...
It is the advantage to outsourcing of supply chains that opened up a new door of economic emancip... more It is the advantage to outsourcing of supply chains that opened up a new door of economic emancipation for Bangladesh. The readymade garments (RMG) of Bangladesh emerge as value chain member of European, USA cloth merchants and retails. Many of them are found economic justification in outsourcing production function to Bangladesh. RMG sector of Bangladesh responded to this outsourcing demand quite successfully. The overwhelming success of the RMG sector of Bangladesh has moved its status in the global context in terms of economic and social development indicators. Despite the challenge that lies ahead, Bangladesh performed well in terms of realizing benefit of economic globalization, particularly its RMG sector. This paper discusses in brief the problem of health and safety issues of female workforce of garment industries in Bangladesh based upon the industry environment, their residential environment, working condition, age, problem of health, causes of diseases, causes of fire acc...
Manufacturing flexibility is a widely accepted manufacturing strategy for mitigating the negative... more Manufacturing flexibility is a widely accepted manufacturing strategy for mitigating the negative impacts of environmental uncertainty on firm performance and is also a required strategic attribute to acclimatize mass customization and agile manufacturing. Manufacturing flexibility has been adequately studied for technology-intensive industries but remains inadequately addressed for labor-intensive industries. In this study, a framework is proposed for sorting the relevant manufacturing flexibility types for the relevant environmental uncertainty types as an initial step towards implementing manufacturing flexibility in labor-intensive industries. This study considered the RMG (ready-made garment) industries in Bangladesh, which are mostly labor-intensive, as a case. Different types of manufacturing flexibility and environmental uncertainty were identified through a deductive approach from the existing literature and theory. Then, final sorting was conducted through a focus group di...
In this investigation, TiO2 and Ag based single and multilayer-films were deposited on microscope... more In this investigation, TiO2 and Ag based single and multilayer-films were deposited on microscope glass slides with varying individual layer thicknesses by radio-frequency reactive magnetron sputtering. Prior to multilayer development, single layers of Ag and TiO2 were deposited and characterized. All the films were prepared at an elevated pressure of 3 Pa at room temperature. It was found that single layer of TiO2 showed anatase polycrystalline structure. It also exhibited high visible transmittance of above 80% and higher refractive index of 2.31 at a wavelength of 550 nm. The indirect optical band gap of the TiO2 films was estimated as 3.39 eV. The Ag single layer films were found to be crystalline with a very high reflectance for IR (Infra-red) light. Finally, the multi-layers have been deposited and characterized by Xray diffraction, UV-visible-NIR spectro-photometry, scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy.
Abstract Worldwide primary energy needs are satisfied basically from non-renewable sources that a... more Abstract Worldwide primary energy needs are satisfied basically from non-renewable sources that are limited in supply and innately hazardous to the environment. Biomass-based power systems are very much potent to address the environmental issues fostering sustainable development, while being able to provide a secured and uninterrupted power supply at the same time. Biomass-based power generation systems not only reduce the GHG emissions but also have enormous opportunities of job creation and promote biomass re-growth through sustainable land management practices. This paper overviews the biomass scenario in Southeast Asian and EU countries to give an overview of the potential and scalable energy harnessed from biomass resources. Economic analyses presented on biomass gasification-based power generation have been evaluated with three specific cost estimations, namely low, average and high. Key economic performance metrics of biomass gasification-based dual-fuel internal combustion engine generator with low investment estimates are as follows: a positive net present value of USD 7.5 million; internal rate of return 14.45%; and a payback period of 5.45 years. A review of the technologies can provide a base for strategic energy policy for the next generation of sustainable energy policies and helps policymakers to frame strategies aiming for clean technology and sustainable development. Biomass integrated gasification combined cycle-based systems are found to be most suitable for power generation or biofuel synthesis. Graphic abstract
International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences
Fashion industries are highly globalized as designing, manufacturing and selling are performed in... more Fashion industries are highly globalized as designing, manufacturing and selling are performed in different countries. As a result, it has a long supply chain and long lead time. Identification of value-added time through-out the supply chain is a key research area in apparel industries. This case study investigated detailed activities of thirty contracts of an apparel supply chain by considering the manufacturer as a coupling point of upstream (suppliers) and downstream (buyer). The contract frequencies were analyzed based on lead time and quantity. Each contract was analyzed using a time-based process mapping (TBPM). TBPMs of all contracts showed that overall 45% were non-value-added activities throughout the chain. It was also identified that the non-value activities were independent of the contract volume. This study recommends time compression methodology to reduce the non-value-added activities by using advanced manufacturing technologies. The methodology and recommended time ...
Abstract Considering that renewable energy is the primary energy source in the future, this study... more Abstract Considering that renewable energy is the primary energy source in the future, this study investigates biomass power for sustainable and secure energy supply. Biomass fuels in Malaysia include empty fruit bunch, mesocarp fiber, palm kernel shell, oil palm frond, oil palm trunk from palm oil plantation, and woody biomass from forests. The moisture content and heating value of palm oil-based biomass fuels are analyzed relative to their cost savings in a 10 MW biomass power plant. The net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period for various finance options and at various system efficiencies are also presented. Results indicate that for an empty fruit bunch priced at MYR 20/t without loan, the net present values are MYR 45.31 million, MYR 54.32 million, and MYR 57.74 million, with 20%, 30%, and 40% system efficiencies, respectively; the internal rates of returns are 21.88%, 22%, and 21.11%, respectively; and the payback periods are 4.16, 4.20, and 4.22 y, respectively. The 10 MW plant releases 50,130 t less CO 2 , 750 t less SO 2 , 218.65 t less NOx, and 22.83 t less CO emissions in the environment compared with the existing energy mix.
Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) systems operate in a paradox; sunlight is the essential input to gener... more Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) systems operate in a paradox; sunlight is the essential input to generate electricity with PV, but they suffer a digression in performance as the operating temperature goes higher. This work is a comprehensive compilation and review of the latest literature regarding research works rendered to achieve improved efficiency through appropriate cooling systems. Most of the research goals were twofold, that is to enhance the efficiency of the solar PV systems and to ensure a longer life at the same time. The passive cooling systems are found to achieve a reduction in PV module temperature in the range of 6–20 °C with an improvement in electrical efficiency up to 15.5% maximum. On the other side, active cooling systems’ performance are better, as may expected, with a reduction in PV module temperature as high as 30 °C with an improvement in electrical efficiency up to 22% maximum along with additional thermal energy output with efficiency reaching as high as 60%. Based on the wide-ranging review, it may be predicted that with the swelling growth of solar PV electricity worldwide, the compatible cooling system is becoming obligatory in order to ensure better energy harvest and utilization.
Abstract: Sales order processing is accomplished in each business by its distribution channel con... more Abstract: Sales order processing is accomplished in each business by its distribution channel consisting of distributors, wholesalers, retailers and customers. In a developing country like Bangladesh, the relationship between manufacturers and downstream intermediaries are not strong enough due to the infrastructure of the communication system of the country. As a result, a considerable amount of amplification of actual orders is seen throughout the supply chain for most of the manufacturers of Bangladesh. A business needs to create adaptive supply chain networks in which suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers share information dynamically across the network. Supply chain performance solely depends upon the effective integration throughout the chain. Order processing is an important area for improvement to achieve efficiency in supply chain performance. Automation of sales order processing gives organizations more control and insight into what is happening on a daily ...
Global energydemandandenvironmentalconcernsarethedrivingforceforuseofalternative, sustainable, an... more Global energydemandandenvironmentalconcernsarethedrivingforceforuseofalternative, sustainable, andcleanenergysources.SolarenergyistheinexhaustibleandCO2-emission-free energy source worldwide.TheSunprovides1.4�105 TWpowerasreceivedonthesurfaceoftheEarthand about 3.6�104 TWofthispowerisusable.In2012,worldpowerconsumptionwas17TW,whichisless than 3.6�104 TW.Photovoltaic(PV)cellsarethebasicelementforconvertingsolarenergyinto electricity.PVcelltechnologies,energyconversionefficiency,economicanalysis,energypolicies, environmentalimpact,variousapplications,prospects,andprogresshavebeencomprehensively reviewedandpresentedinthispaper.Thisworkcompilesthelatestliterature(i.e.journalarticles, conference proceedings,andreports,amongothers)onPVpowergeneration,economicanalysis, environmentalimpact,andpoliciestoincreasepublicawareness.Fromthereview,itwasfoundthat PV isaneasywaytocapturesolarenergywherePVbasedpowergenerationhasalsorapidlyincreased.
In the competitive markets, effective management of supply chain and realisation of customer expe... more In the competitive markets, effective management of supply chain and realisation of customer expectations are crucial factors for the better performance of an organisation. In the modern era, performance measurement has a significant role to get the competitive advantage. Quality function deployment (QFD) methodology is the most reliable and proved method to identify customer-based strategy. The objective of this research is to determine critical customer requirements and prioritise them to determine the critical supply chain factors to improve supply chain performances. This is a case study on six-selected garments accessories industries (GAI) in Bangladesh with respect to 17 readymade garments industries and buying house as a customer. This paper shows a new system of supply chain performance evaluation using transformation matrix called quality function deployment. By this system, it is
This study includes design and experimental analysis of a solar domestic water heating system. Wa... more This study includes design and experimental analysis of a solar domestic water heating system. Water heating systems with glazed and unglazed collectors were constructed and tested at Dhaka, Bangladesh, at a latitude of 23.7 °N. Collector thermal efficiency and capability of raising water temperature were considered as performance evaluation measures. A typical day analysis showed that collector efficiency varied with time and touched its peak at around 12:00 h. During testing, the efficiency of the glazed collector increased by about 70.3% when compared with the unglazed collector. Average collector efficiency over the whole test period was also estimated to be 57.3% and 33.7% for glazed and unglazed collectors, respectively. Maximum water temperatures measured at daytime user outlets were, respectively, 82.4 °C and 65.5 °C for domestic water heating systems with glazed and unglazed collectors and approximated to be 49 °C and 32 °C higher than the ambient temperature. The glazed collector eventually offered significantly higher performances over the unglazed collector in improving system performance.
There is an increasing focus on researching children admitted to hospital with new variants of CO... more There is an increasing focus on researching children admitted to hospital with new variants of COVID-19, combined with concerns with hyperinflammatory syndromes and the overuse of antimicrobials. Paediatric guidelines have been produced in Bangladesh to improve their care. Consequently, the objective is to document the management of children with COVID-19 among 24 hospitals in Bangladesh. Key outcome measures included the percentage prescribed different antimicrobials, adherence to paediatric guidelines and mortality rates using purposely developed report forms. The majority of 146 admitted children were aged 5 years or under (62.3%) and were boys (58.9%). Reasons for admission included fever, respiratory distress and coughing; 86.3% were prescribed antibiotics, typically parenterally, on the WHO ‘Watch’ list, and empirically (98.4%). There were no differences in antibiotic use whether hospitals followed paediatric guidance or not. There was no prescribing of antimalarials and limit...
It is the advantage to outsourcing of supply chains that opened up a new door of economic emancip... more It is the advantage to outsourcing of supply chains that opened up a new door of economic emancipation for Bangladesh. The readymade garments (RMG) of Bangladesh emerge as value chain member of European, USA cloth merchants and retails. Many of them are found economic justification in outsourcing production function to Bangladesh. RMG sector of Bangladesh responded to this outsourcing demand quite successfully. The overwhelming success of the RMG sector of Bangladesh has moved its status in the global context in terms of economic and social development indicators. Despite the challenge that lies ahead, Bangladesh performed well in terms of realizing benefit of economic globalization, particularly its RMG sector. This paper discusses in brief the problem of health and safety issues of female workforce of garment industries in Bangladesh based upon the industry environment, their residential environment, working condition, age, problem of health, causes of diseases, causes of fire acc...
Manufacturing flexibility is a widely accepted manufacturing strategy for mitigating the negative... more Manufacturing flexibility is a widely accepted manufacturing strategy for mitigating the negative impacts of environmental uncertainty on firm performance and is also a required strategic attribute to acclimatize mass customization and agile manufacturing. Manufacturing flexibility has been adequately studied for technology-intensive industries but remains inadequately addressed for labor-intensive industries. In this study, a framework is proposed for sorting the relevant manufacturing flexibility types for the relevant environmental uncertainty types as an initial step towards implementing manufacturing flexibility in labor-intensive industries. This study considered the RMG (ready-made garment) industries in Bangladesh, which are mostly labor-intensive, as a case. Different types of manufacturing flexibility and environmental uncertainty were identified through a deductive approach from the existing literature and theory. Then, final sorting was conducted through a focus group di...
In this investigation, TiO2 and Ag based single and multilayer-films were deposited on microscope... more In this investigation, TiO2 and Ag based single and multilayer-films were deposited on microscope glass slides with varying individual layer thicknesses by radio-frequency reactive magnetron sputtering. Prior to multilayer development, single layers of Ag and TiO2 were deposited and characterized. All the films were prepared at an elevated pressure of 3 Pa at room temperature. It was found that single layer of TiO2 showed anatase polycrystalline structure. It also exhibited high visible transmittance of above 80% and higher refractive index of 2.31 at a wavelength of 550 nm. The indirect optical band gap of the TiO2 films was estimated as 3.39 eV. The Ag single layer films were found to be crystalline with a very high reflectance for IR (Infra-red) light. Finally, the multi-layers have been deposited and characterized by Xray diffraction, UV-visible-NIR spectro-photometry, scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy.
Abstract Worldwide primary energy needs are satisfied basically from non-renewable sources that a... more Abstract Worldwide primary energy needs are satisfied basically from non-renewable sources that are limited in supply and innately hazardous to the environment. Biomass-based power systems are very much potent to address the environmental issues fostering sustainable development, while being able to provide a secured and uninterrupted power supply at the same time. Biomass-based power generation systems not only reduce the GHG emissions but also have enormous opportunities of job creation and promote biomass re-growth through sustainable land management practices. This paper overviews the biomass scenario in Southeast Asian and EU countries to give an overview of the potential and scalable energy harnessed from biomass resources. Economic analyses presented on biomass gasification-based power generation have been evaluated with three specific cost estimations, namely low, average and high. Key economic performance metrics of biomass gasification-based dual-fuel internal combustion engine generator with low investment estimates are as follows: a positive net present value of USD 7.5 million; internal rate of return 14.45%; and a payback period of 5.45 years. A review of the technologies can provide a base for strategic energy policy for the next generation of sustainable energy policies and helps policymakers to frame strategies aiming for clean technology and sustainable development. Biomass integrated gasification combined cycle-based systems are found to be most suitable for power generation or biofuel synthesis. Graphic abstract
International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences
Fashion industries are highly globalized as designing, manufacturing and selling are performed in... more Fashion industries are highly globalized as designing, manufacturing and selling are performed in different countries. As a result, it has a long supply chain and long lead time. Identification of value-added time through-out the supply chain is a key research area in apparel industries. This case study investigated detailed activities of thirty contracts of an apparel supply chain by considering the manufacturer as a coupling point of upstream (suppliers) and downstream (buyer). The contract frequencies were analyzed based on lead time and quantity. Each contract was analyzed using a time-based process mapping (TBPM). TBPMs of all contracts showed that overall 45% were non-value-added activities throughout the chain. It was also identified that the non-value activities were independent of the contract volume. This study recommends time compression methodology to reduce the non-value-added activities by using advanced manufacturing technologies. The methodology and recommended time ...
Abstract Considering that renewable energy is the primary energy source in the future, this study... more Abstract Considering that renewable energy is the primary energy source in the future, this study investigates biomass power for sustainable and secure energy supply. Biomass fuels in Malaysia include empty fruit bunch, mesocarp fiber, palm kernel shell, oil palm frond, oil palm trunk from palm oil plantation, and woody biomass from forests. The moisture content and heating value of palm oil-based biomass fuels are analyzed relative to their cost savings in a 10 MW biomass power plant. The net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period for various finance options and at various system efficiencies are also presented. Results indicate that for an empty fruit bunch priced at MYR 20/t without loan, the net present values are MYR 45.31 million, MYR 54.32 million, and MYR 57.74 million, with 20%, 30%, and 40% system efficiencies, respectively; the internal rates of returns are 21.88%, 22%, and 21.11%, respectively; and the payback periods are 4.16, 4.20, and 4.22 y, respectively. The 10 MW plant releases 50,130 t less CO 2 , 750 t less SO 2 , 218.65 t less NOx, and 22.83 t less CO emissions in the environment compared with the existing energy mix.
Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) systems operate in a paradox; sunlight is the essential input to gener... more Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) systems operate in a paradox; sunlight is the essential input to generate electricity with PV, but they suffer a digression in performance as the operating temperature goes higher. This work is a comprehensive compilation and review of the latest literature regarding research works rendered to achieve improved efficiency through appropriate cooling systems. Most of the research goals were twofold, that is to enhance the efficiency of the solar PV systems and to ensure a longer life at the same time. The passive cooling systems are found to achieve a reduction in PV module temperature in the range of 6–20 °C with an improvement in electrical efficiency up to 15.5% maximum. On the other side, active cooling systems’ performance are better, as may expected, with a reduction in PV module temperature as high as 30 °C with an improvement in electrical efficiency up to 22% maximum along with additional thermal energy output with efficiency reaching as high as 60%. Based on the wide-ranging review, it may be predicted that with the swelling growth of solar PV electricity worldwide, the compatible cooling system is becoming obligatory in order to ensure better energy harvest and utilization.
Abstract: Sales order processing is accomplished in each business by its distribution channel con... more Abstract: Sales order processing is accomplished in each business by its distribution channel consisting of distributors, wholesalers, retailers and customers. In a developing country like Bangladesh, the relationship between manufacturers and downstream intermediaries are not strong enough due to the infrastructure of the communication system of the country. As a result, a considerable amount of amplification of actual orders is seen throughout the supply chain for most of the manufacturers of Bangladesh. A business needs to create adaptive supply chain networks in which suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers share information dynamically across the network. Supply chain performance solely depends upon the effective integration throughout the chain. Order processing is an important area for improvement to achieve efficiency in supply chain performance. Automation of sales order processing gives organizations more control and insight into what is happening on a daily ...
Global energydemandandenvironmentalconcernsarethedrivingforceforuseofalternative, sustainable, an... more Global energydemandandenvironmentalconcernsarethedrivingforceforuseofalternative, sustainable, andcleanenergysources.SolarenergyistheinexhaustibleandCO2-emission-free energy source worldwide.TheSunprovides1.4�105 TWpowerasreceivedonthesurfaceoftheEarthand about 3.6�104 TWofthispowerisusable.In2012,worldpowerconsumptionwas17TW,whichisless than 3.6�104 TW.Photovoltaic(PV)cellsarethebasicelementforconvertingsolarenergyinto electricity.PVcelltechnologies,energyconversionefficiency,economicanalysis,energypolicies, environmentalimpact,variousapplications,prospects,andprogresshavebeencomprehensively reviewedandpresentedinthispaper.Thisworkcompilesthelatestliterature(i.e.journalarticles, conference proceedings,andreports,amongothers)onPVpowergeneration,economicanalysis, environmentalimpact,andpoliciestoincreasepublicawareness.Fromthereview,itwasfoundthat PV isaneasywaytocapturesolarenergywherePVbasedpowergenerationhasalsorapidlyincreased.
In the competitive markets, effective management of supply chain and realisation of customer expe... more In the competitive markets, effective management of supply chain and realisation of customer expectations are crucial factors for the better performance of an organisation. In the modern era, performance measurement has a significant role to get the competitive advantage. Quality function deployment (QFD) methodology is the most reliable and proved method to identify customer-based strategy. The objective of this research is to determine critical customer requirements and prioritise them to determine the critical supply chain factors to improve supply chain performances. This is a case study on six-selected garments accessories industries (GAI) in Bangladesh with respect to 17 readymade garments industries and buying house as a customer. This paper shows a new system of supply chain performance evaluation using transformation matrix called quality function deployment. By this system, it is
This study includes design and experimental analysis of a solar domestic water heating system. Wa... more This study includes design and experimental analysis of a solar domestic water heating system. Water heating systems with glazed and unglazed collectors were constructed and tested at Dhaka, Bangladesh, at a latitude of 23.7 °N. Collector thermal efficiency and capability of raising water temperature were considered as performance evaluation measures. A typical day analysis showed that collector efficiency varied with time and touched its peak at around 12:00 h. During testing, the efficiency of the glazed collector increased by about 70.3% when compared with the unglazed collector. Average collector efficiency over the whole test period was also estimated to be 57.3% and 33.7% for glazed and unglazed collectors, respectively. Maximum water temperatures measured at daytime user outlets were, respectively, 82.4 °C and 65.5 °C for domestic water heating systems with glazed and unglazed collectors and approximated to be 49 °C and 32 °C higher than the ambient temperature. The glazed collector eventually offered significantly higher performances over the unglazed collector in improving system performance.
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Papers by Dr. A.B.M. Abdul Malek