Recent observations by modern telescopes provided a bright picture of close and far Universe, yie... more Recent observations by modern telescopes provided a bright picture of close and far Universe, yielding important details on what lies beyond our Solar System. These data also confirmed to some extent the predicted limits of optical and radio astronomy. A new kind of probe is requested in order to both investigate those regions of the Universe which are hardly to be studied with photon and proton astronomy, and to obtain more insights on the processes going on in well-known sources: here come the high-energy neutrino era and km3 under-water(-ice) C˘erenkov neutrino telescopes.
2011 IEEE Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies, 2011
NEMO-SN1 (Western Ionian Sea, off Eastern Sicily): ... Example of architecture of a cabled observ... more NEMO-SN1 (Western Ionian Sea, off Eastern Sicily): ... Example of architecture of a cabled observatory ... Paolo Favali, Adriano Azzarone, Lucio Badiali, Laura Beranzoli, Gianfranco Cianchini, Enkelejda Qamili, Maria Grazia De Caro, Angelo De Santis, Fawzi Doumaz, Davide Embriaco, ...
Detection of high-energy neutrinos from distant astrophysical sources will open a new window on t... more Detection of high-energy neutrinos from distant astrophysical sources will open a new window on the Universe. The detection principle exploits the measurement of Cherenkov light emitted by charged particles resulting from neutrino interactions in the matter containing the telescope. A novel multi-PMT digital optical module (DOM) was developed to contain 31 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). In order to maximize the detector sensitivity, each PMT will be surrounded by an expansion cone which collects photons that would otherwise miss the photocathode. Results for various angles of incidence with respect to the PMT surface indicate an increase in collection efficiency by 30% on average for angles up to 45 • with respect to the perpendicular. Ray-tracing calculations could reproduce the measurements, allowing to estimate an increase in the overall photocathode sensitivity, integrated over all angles of incidence, by 27% (for a single PMT). Prototype DOMs, being built by the KM3NeT consortium, will be equipped with these expansion cones.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2012
The KM3NeT project aims to construct a multi-cubic-kilometre scale neutrino telescope in the Medi... more The KM3NeT project aims to construct a multi-cubic-kilometre scale neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. The telescope's detection units, deployed in the deep sea, will be instrumented with optical modules, each housing 31 three-in. photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). Three companies are developing new types of 3 in. PMTs for the KM3NeT project. The first PMT samples of type R6233mod have been delivered from Hamamatsu and tested at the Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics and at Nikhef. The results of these tests are presented. Many of the parameters of the existing versions of these PMTs already meet the KM3NeT requirements and production versions will be used to build the first developmental optical modules. Hamamatsu have started the development of new versions of PMTs of current interest, with better timing parameters and a slightly larger photocathode. The first two examples of a new PMT from ET Enterprises are under tests at Nikhef. The delivery of first 82 mm diameter PMTs from MELZ is also expected in October 2011. To increase photodetection efficiency in the multi-PMT optical module, PMTs will be surrounded by reflective light gathering rings ('expansion cones'). Test results of such an assembly are also presented.
The deep ocean is the largest and least known ecosystem on Earth. It hosts numerous pelagic organ... more The deep ocean is the largest and least known ecosystem on Earth. It hosts numerous pelagic organisms, most of which are able to emit light. Here we present a unique data set consisting of a 2.5-year long record of light emission by deep-sea pelagic organisms, measured from December 2007 to June 2010 at the ANTARES underwater neutrino telescope in the deep NW Mediterranean Sea, jointly with synchronous hydrological records. This is the longest continuous time-series of deep-sea bioluminescence ever recorded. Our record reveals several weeks long, seasonal bioluminescence blooms with light intensity up to two orders of magnitude higher than background values, which correlate to changes in the properties of deep waters. Such changes are triggered by the winter cooling and evaporation experienced by the upper ocean layer in the Gulf of Lion that leads to the formation and subsequent sinking of dense water through a process known as "open-sea…
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2012
The primary aim of ANTARES is neutrino astronomy with upward going muons created in charged curre... more The primary aim of ANTARES is neutrino astronomy with upward going muons created in charged current muon neutrino interactions in the detector and its surroundings. Downward going muons are background for neutrino searches. These muons are the decay products of cosmic-ray collisions in the Earth's atmosphere far above the detector. This paper presents a method to identify and count electromagnetic showers induced along atmospheric muon tracks with the ANTARES detector. The method is applied to both cosmic muon data and simulations and its applicability to the reconstruction of muon event energies is demonstrated.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2009
The ANTARES neutrino telescope consists of 12 string lines housing the optical detectors. Sea wat... more The ANTARES neutrino telescope consists of 12 string lines housing the optical detectors. Sea water currents may result in drifts for these strings by several metres from the vertical. However, muon track reconstruction is based on precise arrival time measurement of Cherenkov photons to the Optical Modules (∼1ns) and knowledge of the Optical Module positions with respect to a fixed
Results are presented of a search for cosmic sources of high energy neutrinos with the ANTARES ne... more Results are presented of a search for cosmic sources of high energy neutrinos with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. The data were collected during 2007 and 2008 using detector configurations containing between 5 and 12 detection lines. The integrated live time of the analyzed data is 304 days. Muon tracks are reconstructed using a likelihood-based algorithm. Studies of the detector timing indicate a median angular resolution of 0.5 ± 0.1 degrees. The neutrino flux sensitivity is 7.5 × 10 −8 (E ν /GeV) −2 GeV −1 s −1 cm −2 for the part of the sky The Netherlands
The ANTARES telescope is well-suited to detect neutrinos produced in astrophysical transient sour... more The ANTARES telescope is well-suited to detect neutrinos produced in astrophysical transient sources as it can observe a full hemisphere of the sky at all times with a high duty cycle. Radio-loud active galactic nuclei with jets pointing almost directly towards the observer, the so-called blazars, are particularly attractive potential neutrino point sources. The all-sky monitor LAT on board the Fermi satellite probes the variability of any given gamma-ray bright blazar in the sky on time scales of hours to months. Assuming hadronic models, a strong correlation between the gamma-ray and the neutrino fluxes is expected. Selecting a narrow time window on the assumed neutrino production period can significantly reduce the background.
The ANTARES telescope has the capability to detect neutrinos produced in astrophysical transient ... more The ANTARES telescope has the capability to detect neutrinos produced in astrophysical transient sources. Potential sources include gamma-ray bursts, core collapse supernovae, and flaring active galactic nuclei. To enhance the sensitivity of ANTARES to such sources, a new detection method based on coincident observations of neutrinos and optical signals has been developed. A fast online muon track reconstruction is used to trigger a network of small automatic optical telescopes. Such alerts are generated for special events, such as two or more neutrinos, coincident in time and direction, or single neutrinos of very high energy.
CITATIONS 0 READS 15 50 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also work... more CITATIONS 0 READS 15 50 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: AQUO Project View project Seismic wave attenuation View project
... of Applied Bioacoustics, Rambla Exposici??, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr??, Barcelona, Spain 6IN... more ... of Applied Bioacoustics, Rambla Exposici??, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr??, Barcelona, Spain 6INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy 7Friedrich-Alexander-Universit??t Erlangen-N??rnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. ...
Present and future gamma-beam facilities represent a great opportunity to validate and evaluate t... more Present and future gamma-beam facilities represent a great opportunity to validate and evaluate the cross-sections of many photonuclear reactions at near-threshold energies, whose data mostly come from theoretical calculations. We developed a Monte Carlo (MC) software that makes use of the validated tracking Geant4 libraries and the n-body event generator of ROOT libraries in order to provide a fast, realiable and complete MC tool to be used for nuclear physics experiments, with a particular focus on photo-nuclear processes. We discuss the results of the MC simulations performed in order to evaluate the effects of the electromagnetic background, the straggling of the emitted particles due to the target thickness and the resolution of the silicon detectors. Finally we present the preliminary results on some nuclear reactions involved in the p-process, which will be studied with ELISSA and the GBS at ELI-NP.
Recent observations by modern telescopes provided a bright picture of close and far Universe, yie... more Recent observations by modern telescopes provided a bright picture of close and far Universe, yielding important details on what lies beyond our Solar System. These data also confirmed to some extent the predicted limits of optical and radio astronomy. A new kind of probe is requested in order to both investigate those regions of the Universe which are hardly to be studied with photon and proton astronomy, and to obtain more insights on the processes going on in well-known sources: here come the high-energy neutrino era and km3 under-water(-ice) C˘erenkov neutrino telescopes.
2011 IEEE Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies, 2011
NEMO-SN1 (Western Ionian Sea, off Eastern Sicily): ... Example of architecture of a cabled observ... more NEMO-SN1 (Western Ionian Sea, off Eastern Sicily): ... Example of architecture of a cabled observatory ... Paolo Favali, Adriano Azzarone, Lucio Badiali, Laura Beranzoli, Gianfranco Cianchini, Enkelejda Qamili, Maria Grazia De Caro, Angelo De Santis, Fawzi Doumaz, Davide Embriaco, ...
Detection of high-energy neutrinos from distant astrophysical sources will open a new window on t... more Detection of high-energy neutrinos from distant astrophysical sources will open a new window on the Universe. The detection principle exploits the measurement of Cherenkov light emitted by charged particles resulting from neutrino interactions in the matter containing the telescope. A novel multi-PMT digital optical module (DOM) was developed to contain 31 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). In order to maximize the detector sensitivity, each PMT will be surrounded by an expansion cone which collects photons that would otherwise miss the photocathode. Results for various angles of incidence with respect to the PMT surface indicate an increase in collection efficiency by 30% on average for angles up to 45 • with respect to the perpendicular. Ray-tracing calculations could reproduce the measurements, allowing to estimate an increase in the overall photocathode sensitivity, integrated over all angles of incidence, by 27% (for a single PMT). Prototype DOMs, being built by the KM3NeT consortium, will be equipped with these expansion cones.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2012
The KM3NeT project aims to construct a multi-cubic-kilometre scale neutrino telescope in the Medi... more The KM3NeT project aims to construct a multi-cubic-kilometre scale neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. The telescope's detection units, deployed in the deep sea, will be instrumented with optical modules, each housing 31 three-in. photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). Three companies are developing new types of 3 in. PMTs for the KM3NeT project. The first PMT samples of type R6233mod have been delivered from Hamamatsu and tested at the Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics and at Nikhef. The results of these tests are presented. Many of the parameters of the existing versions of these PMTs already meet the KM3NeT requirements and production versions will be used to build the first developmental optical modules. Hamamatsu have started the development of new versions of PMTs of current interest, with better timing parameters and a slightly larger photocathode. The first two examples of a new PMT from ET Enterprises are under tests at Nikhef. The delivery of first 82 mm diameter PMTs from MELZ is also expected in October 2011. To increase photodetection efficiency in the multi-PMT optical module, PMTs will be surrounded by reflective light gathering rings ('expansion cones'). Test results of such an assembly are also presented.
The deep ocean is the largest and least known ecosystem on Earth. It hosts numerous pelagic organ... more The deep ocean is the largest and least known ecosystem on Earth. It hosts numerous pelagic organisms, most of which are able to emit light. Here we present a unique data set consisting of a 2.5-year long record of light emission by deep-sea pelagic organisms, measured from December 2007 to June 2010 at the ANTARES underwater neutrino telescope in the deep NW Mediterranean Sea, jointly with synchronous hydrological records. This is the longest continuous time-series of deep-sea bioluminescence ever recorded. Our record reveals several weeks long, seasonal bioluminescence blooms with light intensity up to two orders of magnitude higher than background values, which correlate to changes in the properties of deep waters. Such changes are triggered by the winter cooling and evaporation experienced by the upper ocean layer in the Gulf of Lion that leads to the formation and subsequent sinking of dense water through a process known as "open-sea…
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2012
The primary aim of ANTARES is neutrino astronomy with upward going muons created in charged curre... more The primary aim of ANTARES is neutrino astronomy with upward going muons created in charged current muon neutrino interactions in the detector and its surroundings. Downward going muons are background for neutrino searches. These muons are the decay products of cosmic-ray collisions in the Earth's atmosphere far above the detector. This paper presents a method to identify and count electromagnetic showers induced along atmospheric muon tracks with the ANTARES detector. The method is applied to both cosmic muon data and simulations and its applicability to the reconstruction of muon event energies is demonstrated.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2009
The ANTARES neutrino telescope consists of 12 string lines housing the optical detectors. Sea wat... more The ANTARES neutrino telescope consists of 12 string lines housing the optical detectors. Sea water currents may result in drifts for these strings by several metres from the vertical. However, muon track reconstruction is based on precise arrival time measurement of Cherenkov photons to the Optical Modules (∼1ns) and knowledge of the Optical Module positions with respect to a fixed
Results are presented of a search for cosmic sources of high energy neutrinos with the ANTARES ne... more Results are presented of a search for cosmic sources of high energy neutrinos with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. The data were collected during 2007 and 2008 using detector configurations containing between 5 and 12 detection lines. The integrated live time of the analyzed data is 304 days. Muon tracks are reconstructed using a likelihood-based algorithm. Studies of the detector timing indicate a median angular resolution of 0.5 ± 0.1 degrees. The neutrino flux sensitivity is 7.5 × 10 −8 (E ν /GeV) −2 GeV −1 s −1 cm −2 for the part of the sky The Netherlands
The ANTARES telescope is well-suited to detect neutrinos produced in astrophysical transient sour... more The ANTARES telescope is well-suited to detect neutrinos produced in astrophysical transient sources as it can observe a full hemisphere of the sky at all times with a high duty cycle. Radio-loud active galactic nuclei with jets pointing almost directly towards the observer, the so-called blazars, are particularly attractive potential neutrino point sources. The all-sky monitor LAT on board the Fermi satellite probes the variability of any given gamma-ray bright blazar in the sky on time scales of hours to months. Assuming hadronic models, a strong correlation between the gamma-ray and the neutrino fluxes is expected. Selecting a narrow time window on the assumed neutrino production period can significantly reduce the background.
The ANTARES telescope has the capability to detect neutrinos produced in astrophysical transient ... more The ANTARES telescope has the capability to detect neutrinos produced in astrophysical transient sources. Potential sources include gamma-ray bursts, core collapse supernovae, and flaring active galactic nuclei. To enhance the sensitivity of ANTARES to such sources, a new detection method based on coincident observations of neutrinos and optical signals has been developed. A fast online muon track reconstruction is used to trigger a network of small automatic optical telescopes. Such alerts are generated for special events, such as two or more neutrinos, coincident in time and direction, or single neutrinos of very high energy.
CITATIONS 0 READS 15 50 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also work... more CITATIONS 0 READS 15 50 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: AQUO Project View project Seismic wave attenuation View project
... of Applied Bioacoustics, Rambla Exposici??, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr??, Barcelona, Spain 6IN... more ... of Applied Bioacoustics, Rambla Exposici??, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr??, Barcelona, Spain 6INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy 7Friedrich-Alexander-Universit??t Erlangen-N??rnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. ...
Present and future gamma-beam facilities represent a great opportunity to validate and evaluate t... more Present and future gamma-beam facilities represent a great opportunity to validate and evaluate the cross-sections of many photonuclear reactions at near-threshold energies, whose data mostly come from theoretical calculations. We developed a Monte Carlo (MC) software that makes use of the validated tracking Geant4 libraries and the n-body event generator of ROOT libraries in order to provide a fast, realiable and complete MC tool to be used for nuclear physics experiments, with a particular focus on photo-nuclear processes. We discuss the results of the MC simulations performed in order to evaluate the effects of the electromagnetic background, the straggling of the emitted particles due to the target thickness and the resolution of the silicon detectors. Finally we present the preliminary results on some nuclear reactions involved in the p-process, which will be studied with ELISSA and the GBS at ELI-NP.
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Papers by Dario Lattuada