In many countries, buildings consume more energy than transport and industry. Building designs an... more In many countries, buildings consume more energy than transport and industry. Building designs and materials have a significant effect on the energy consumed for a select set of end uses. The importance of energy efficiency in building sector is especially significant in developing countries, owing to rapid new construction with opportunities to employ efficient materials and best practices. This paper present the importance of using new building materials and building systems as an alternatives to the traditional reinforced concrete (RC) building system. Energy analysis of a case study shows that low rise Cold formed steel or 3D panel's buildings have better energy efficiency than traditional RC buildings. Also the construction costs of these building are less by about 20 % than RC buildings. By choosing energy-efficient designs and materials different opportunities and measures for reducing energy use in buildings without sacrificing comfort levels can be achieved.
LED lightening especially in outdoor lightening becomes gradually most favourite lightening syste... more LED lightening especially in outdoor lightening becomes gradually most favourite lightening system around of the world. In this study a street type high power LED armature is modelled and thermal analysis is performed. Fine mesh is applied to model by using a specific program according to finite volume method. Then, its energy and heat analysis are performed by a computer aided analysis program. Also the armature is tested by using thermocouples and data logger in our laboratory to verify obtained data. The results are compared and the convergence of the computer simulation study to real values is observed at the end of the study.
Aimed Contribution: Via simple and applicable car window filming alternative, it is aimed to redu... more Aimed Contribution: Via simple and applicable car window filming alternative, it is aimed to reduce vehicle-sourced emissions and fuel consumption; thus, contribute to the economy eventually. Focused Problem: The exposure of solar radiation especially in summer, rise the car cabin soak temperature so high that the usage of mobile air conditioning (MAC) turns into a must. To cool the cabin down to comfort temperature, MAC uses excess amount of fuel that increases the vehicle emissions. Both of these also bring another economic problem as well. These problems are not just region based but also global based issues as being responsible for the formation of Green House Gases (GHGs), and for the consumption of limited and usually imported energy sources. Proposed Solution: The application of car window films blocks the considerable amount of radiation. Thus, reduce the parked cabin temperature. Once the rise in soak temperature is reduced, MAC will then consume less energy. This energy saving -valid for electric cars, as well- for diesel, gasoline and hybrid cars also means fuel saving and further means prevented emissions, in other words, economic contribution even after the filming costs are subtracted. Research Perspective: Passenger car cabin condition is investigated for 1 hour of parking at noon in summer at direct sun exposed. This research also aimed to examine three different types of filming together with tinted and clear (not filmed) car window glasses for clear and 20% shaded windshield, separately. To form the big picture, after calculating every individual possibility only during summer, each application’s total effect on greater territory of Geographic Europe (GE) containing every European country and only European Union (EU) is also researched. This research may bring the reconsideration of visible light transmission laws and tinting limitations regarding the results and invisible film applications. Solution Benefits: Once the pollutant is emitted, none of the treatment procedure vanishes the pollutant but separates from the medium. Hence, reduction at the source occupies the highest hierarchy in pollution management. More tragically, the vehicle-sourced emissions cannot be treated even with exhaust filters, which increase the fuel consumption and faith to be emitted to the atmosphere. Each solution that helps to reduce the vehicle emissions while saving fuel and increasing economy plays one of the major and significant roles. Window-filming application is preferable for being easily applicable, cheaper when compared to treatment, and a quick solution. Other potential benefits are for both reducing the cabin soak temperature and blocking the sun rays, reducing the child deaths caused by being left unattended in heated car cabins, vehicle air pollution related health problems such as cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, skin cancer due to solar radiation while driving, driver fatigue, shrinking MAC size due to decreased peak load and for the cabin interior materials, increasing their life-span, preventing their aging and decreasing their damage. Results: Among film types, classic-dark Film C gives the best performance especially when applied on tinted rear and side windows with 20% shaded windshield. Regarding GE and EU, the best possibility has potential to increase sum of diesel and gasoline fuel economy by 3.6 and 2.8 billion liters reduce the passenger car sourced total GHG emissions by 34 and 27 billion kg and contribute the economy with 5-year net savings of 270 and 226 billion $, respectively. Conclusion: Three different types of film effects separately analyzed on clear and tinted windows with clear and 20% shaded windshield around GE, 50 countries, and EU, 28 member countries. It has seen that film application prevents massive amount of vehicle emissions due to saved MAC fuel consumption and eventually increase the economy both by fuel savings, emission sourced costs savings and prolonging lifetime of the cabin interiors. Presented research emphasizes the car window filming effects around the Washington (WA), New York (NY), North Carolina (NC), U.S.A. and Istanbul, Turkey over the reduction in fuel consumption, which eventually results decline of vehicle emissions and increase in economy.
Aimed Contribution: Via simple and applicable car window filming alternative, it is aimed to redu... more Aimed Contribution: Via simple and applicable car window filming alternative, it is aimed to reduce vehicle-sourced emissions and fuel consumption; thus, contribute to the economy eventually. Focused Problem: The exposure of solar radiation especially in summer, rise the car cabin soak temperature so high that the usage of mobile air conditioning (MAC) turns into a must. To cool the cabin down to comfort temperature, MAC uses excess amount of fuel that increases the vehicle emissions. Both of these also bring another economic problem as well. These problems are not just region based but also global based issues as being responsible for the formation of Green House Gases (GHGs), and for the consumption of limited and usually imported energy sources. Proposed Solution: The application of car window films blocks the considerable amount of radiation. Thus, reduce the parked cabin temperature. Once the rise in soak temperature is reduced, MAC will then consume less energy. This energy saving-valid for electric cars, as well-for diesel, gasoline and hybrid cars also means fuel saving and further means prevented emissions, in other words, economic contribution even after the filming costs are subtracted. Research Perspective: Passenger car cabin condition is investigated for 1 hour of parking at noon in summer at direct sun exposed. This research also aimed to examine three different types of filming together with tinted and clear (not filmed) car window glasses for clear and 20% shaded windshield, separately. To form the big picture, after calculating every individual possibility only during summer, each application's total effect on greater territory of Geographic Europe (GE) containing every European country and only European Union (EU) is also researched. This research may bring the reconsideration of visible light transmission laws and tinting limitations regarding the results and invisible film applications. Solution Benefits: Once the pollutant is emitted, none of the treatment procedure vanishes the pollutant but separates from the medium. Hence, reduction at the source occupies the highest hierarchy in pollution management. More tragically, the vehicle-sourced emissions cannot be treated even with exhaust filters, which increase the fuel consumption and faith to be emitted to the atmosphere. Each solution that helps to reduce the vehicle emissions while saving fuel and increasing economy plays one of the major and significant roles. Window-filming application is preferable for being easily applicable, cheaper when compared to treatment, and a quick solution. Other potential benefits are for both reducing the cabin soak temperature and blocking the sun rays, reducing the child deaths caused by being left unattended in heated car cabins, vehicle air pollution related health problems such as cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, skin cancer due to solar radiation while driving, driver fatigue, shrinking MAC size due to decreased peak load and for the cabin interior materials, increasing their lifespan , preventing their aging and decreasing their damage. Results: Among film types, classic-dark Film C gives the best performance especially when applied on tinted rear and side windows with 20% shaded windshield. Regarding GE and EU, the best possibility has potential to increase sum of diesel and gasoline fuel economy by 3.6 and 2.8 billion liters reduce the passenger car sourced total GHG emissions by 34 and 27 billion kg and contribute the economy with 5-year net savings of 270 and 226 billion $, respectively. Conclusion: Three different types of film effects separately analyzed on clear and tinted windows with clear and 20% shaded windshield around GE, 50 countries, and EU, 28 member countries. It has seen that film application prevents massive amount of vehicle emissions due to saved MAC fuel consumption and eventually increase the economy both by fuel savings, emission sourced costs savings and prolonging lifetime of the cabin interiors.
An efficient turbine blade profile is investigated for a Solar Chimney Power Plant prototype (SC... more An efficient turbine blade profile is investigated for a Solar Chimney Power Plant prototype (SCPP) established in Adıyaman University campus area to increase the efficiency of the prototype. CFD simulation of SCPP system carried out and obtained results are compared with the velocity and temperature data measured in the prototype. Then, the turbines desinged with different airfoil profiles are included in the obtained right CFD model and CFD simulation of the whole system coupled with turbine is carried out. Four different airfoil profiles used for the turbine blade design are Naca 4415, Fx66196v, Naca 23012 and Clark Y. To investigate the most efficient one of used airfoil profiles ; lift coefficient (CL) and drag coefficient (CD) of each airfoil profile are calculated by using FLUENT software under the same operating conditions. The airfoil has the best permormance in the studied model is concluded by comparing CL, CD and CL / CD ratio. Aim The main purpose of this study is to find an efficient airfoil profile for wind turbine blade design. An accurate CFD model of the real system is tried to set up. Wind turbines are horizontally put in the realized accurate CFD model and flow is defined on the turbine and numerical simulation is carried out coupled with turbine. Lift and drag coefficients of used airfoils are calculated and compared to find most efficient one which has highest CL / CD ratio and a higher lift coefficient and lower drag coefficient compared to others. Material and Method Conclusions Figure 4. Contours of Static Temperature on the Midplane of Prototype For a good performance of the turbine blades in this study, lift coefficient is desired to be high, drag coefficient is desired to be low and ratio of C L /C D is desired to be maximum. If only C D is observed, Clark Y profile has the best performance with lowest C D value. Naca 23012 airfoil has the lowest performance with highest C D value in studied model. And also Naca 4415airfoil profile has a better performance than Fx66196v airfoil profile. If only C L is observed, Fx66196v airfoil has the best performance with the highest C L value. Clark Y airfoil has the lowest performance with lowest C L value in studied model. And also Naca 23012 airfoil profile has a better performance than Naca 4415 airfoil profile. Results • Solar chimney prototype plant CAD model is created with respect to real dimensions (figure 2). Air velocity and temperature measurement points in the prototype plant are shown in figure 2. • Turbines' CAD models are created with four blades have a high angle of attack 50°. Airfoil distribution along the blade radius is decreased as a defined rate from hub to tip. Four different airfoil profile used in blade design are Clark Y, Fx66196v, Naca 4415, Naca 23012. (figure 3) • The fluid volume is meshed. Boundary conditions are defined in FLUENT software. Walls are defined with no-slip condition as stationary walls. Turbine blades are also defined as stationary walls with no-slip condition. Ambient air temperature, ambient air velocity and solar radiation amount are defined appropriate with the real measured data. Collector, chimney and ground materials are defined appropriate with the prototype plant. • The analysis is performed by using energy equations. k-epsilon turbulance model is used in the solution. Solution method is applied as SIMPLE method for pressure-velocity coupling. After enough iterative solution, good results are obtained. • The experimental results of air velocity and temperature are obtained from the prototype plant without turbine. So, CFD analysis is firstly carried out on a model without turbine geometry. Numerical predictions are compared to the experimental results and a CFD model of the system without turbine is obtained with good results for using in prediction the results of the system coupled with turbine. • Numerical simulation of prototype plant is carried out coupled with four different turbine design by using the obtained accurate CFD model of the system. Lift and drag coefficients of each blades are calculated under the same operating conditions and compared (table 1) for the best performance of the turbine.
In recent years, automotive companies and research centers have utilized different techniques to ... more In recent years, automotive companies and research centers have utilized different techniques to ensure tightened emission rules. These studies generally are divided into two main categories: in-cylinder and after-treatment applications. In the first stage, harmful exhaust emissions were decreased by optimizing engine parameters. After-treatment applications come into play after exhaust port for irreducible emissions. In the studies, done at Marmara University, three important works examined to get ultra-low emission for a single cylinder diesel engine. In the first study, engine parameters such as compression ratio (CR), intake and exhaust valve timings, mass flow rate were optimized for a range of engine speed. Then for the same engine injection parameters such as start of injection (SOI), injector cone angle, and split injection structures were examined to get optimum parameters for the diesel engine. In CR studies different combustion chambers were tested according to injector cone angles and fuel-wall interaction. In the second study, in addition to the above studies, dual fuel compressed biogas (CBG) and diesel combustion were analyzed under different engine loads both experimentally and computationally. Optimized single fuel diesel cases were compared with CBG + Diesel dual fuel cases which employed port injection for CBG fuel. In dual fuel engine applications, CBG fuel and air mixture is induced from intake port and this air-fuel mixture is ignited by pilot diesel fuel near top dead center (TDC). In dual fuel engine mode, exhaust emissions reduced considerably especially in NOx and particulate matter (PM) because of methane (CH4) rate and optimized engine parameters. The third study is focused on aftertreatment systems to minimize residual exhaust emissions. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methodology was developed with conjugate heat transfer, spray, deposit and chemical reaction modeling then emission prediction tool was developed based on the CFD results with deposit prediction mechanism. CFD and deposit results were correlated with image processing tool in flow test bench.
In this study, experimental outcomes from a Spark ignition engine (SI) which fueled with E1 to E2... more In this study, experimental outcomes from a Spark ignition engine (SI) which fueled with E1 to E20 (Percentage of alcohol content in total fuel blend is various between 1% and 20%) were collated with recital of combustion codes for one dimensional analysis.1-D codes, which is called SRM-Suite (Stochastic Reactor Model) and Chemkin-Pro, were estimated from combustion, emissions and heat transfer point in an SI engine. The estimations are based on empirical data and working situations which were done at karadeniz technical university Research Labs in Turkey. A bunch of empirical data was employed for analysis in both of software's according to both expanded and decreased kinetic mechanisms. Simulation outcomes were collated to empirical data from heat release rate, pressure and emission point. The vicissitude of the H2O2, temperature and OH which weren't available experimentally were achieved by comparisons between two codes. Analysis demonstrates that each code has pluses and minuses. The advantages of SRM-. Suite are blow-by Crevice, ring gap, and probability density function (PDF) – based stochastic reactor modeling and these advantages helped with better convergence of the outcomes. But, Chemkin-Pro outcomes were logical and solution duration was much shorter than SRM-.Suite. Also it was clear that both decreased and expanded kinetic mechanisms had huge effect on analysis.
[Abstract:0072][Modeling and Software] SUMMARY For sustainable development, a reduction in energy... more [Abstract:0072][Modeling and Software] SUMMARY For sustainable development, a reduction in energy demand is essential. This could be achieved through improving energy efficiency, effective energy conservation and management. The weather conditions of a given region are the most important considerations for the proper design of space AC systems. In this study, The typical meteorological year and climatic database of Turkey for the energy analysis of buildings were generated by SQL database programmimg language. The Finkelstein–Schafer statistical method was applied to analyze the hourly measured weather data of a 23-year period (1989–2012).and select representative typical meteorological months (TMMs). The selection criteria was based on 13 meteorological parameters. These parameters are the daily mean, maximum and minimum values and ranges of temperature, dew-point and wind velocity and the daily values of global solar radiation. According to results of TMY, climatic database of turkey including daily or hourly climate variables was created in sql data tables.
In this study, the effect of ethanol in gasoline combustion engine has been investigated and opti... more In this study, the effect of ethanol in gasoline combustion engine has been investigated and optimized from emission and performance point. At the first level, the engine performance for pure gasoline fuel; then a mixture of ethanol and gasoline was used in which the amount of ethanol varies from 1% to 20 %. The engine speed was chosen 2000 rpm and single fuel gasoline was compared to et hanol-gasoline fuel blend. Engine performance was validated by different results and shown in figure 1. From the performance and emission value points it was obvious that 8% ethanol-gasoline blend is the desirable amount. It is clear that from performance and CO point, there is a good agreement between the results and literature researches. Figure 2 shows the change of CO and CO2 as a function of crank angle. In general, the results showed similar trends except the ones using SRM-detailed chemistry. The accuracy of the results were tested by comparing to each other literature data, especially when it is considered that SRM detailed chemistry results are in good agreement with experimental out comes in terms of the available data.
As a consequence of the limited availability of fossil fuels, green energy is gaining more and mo... more As a consequence of the limited availability of fossil fuels, green energy is gaining more and more popularity. Home and business electricity is currently limited to solar thermal energy. Essential receivers in current solar thermal power plants can endure high temperatures. This ensures funding for green thermal power generation. Regular solar thermal power plant testing is arduous and time-consuming. They need expensive installation and take up much space. Many free software and tools can model and simulate solar thermal-producing systems. Some techniques can evaluate and predict the plant’s performance, while others can investigate specific components. Nothing using research tools has ever reached the top. Simulated testing may precede power plant construction. This research requires basic visual help. A rudimentary plant model was developed when the computational calculations for thermal performance were obtained. Plus, it may estimate how much power the facility would produce. The program includes hydraulic heat transport fluids, ambient factors, a database, and user input parameters. Free hourly weather data from anywhere is available from the simulator. The simulator calculates the thermal power delivered by each component while running constituent simulators.
In recent years, automotive companies and research centers have utilized different techniques to ... more In recent years, automotive companies and research centers have utilized different techniques to ensure tightened emission rules. These studies generally are divided into two main categories: in-cylinder and after-treatment applications. In the first stage, harmful exhaust emissions were decreased by optimizing engine parameters. After-treatment applications come into play after exhaust port for irreducible emissions. In the studies, done at Marmara University, three important works examined to get ultra-low emission for a single cylinder diesel engine. In the first study, engine parameters such as compression ratio (CR), intake and exhaust valve timings, mass flow rate were optimized for a range of engine speed. Then for the same engine injection parameters such as start of injection (SOI), injector cone angle, and split injection structures were examined to get optimum parameters for the diesel engine. In CR studies different combustion chambers were tested according to injector c...
In recent years, automotive companies and research centers have utilized different techniques to ... more In recent years, automotive companies and research centers have utilized different techniques to ensure tightened emission rules. These studies generally are divided into two main categories: in-cylinder and after-treatment applications. In the first stage, harmful exhaust emissions were decreased by optimizing engine parameters. After-treatment applications come into play after exhaust port for irreducible emissions. In the studies, done at Marmara University, three important works examined to get ultra-low emission for a single cylinder diesel engine. In the first study, engine parameters such as compression ratio (CR), intake and exhaust valve timings, mass flow rate were optimized for a range of engine speed. Then for the same engine injection parameters such as start of injection (SOI), injector cone angle, and split injection structures were examined to get optimum parameters for the diesel engine. In CR studies different combustion chambers were tested according to injector c...
With the increase of energy demand, many researchers tried to develop scientific approaches in or... more With the increase of energy demand, many researchers tried to develop scientific approaches in order to design more efficient and environmentally friendly energy systems. Exergo-economic (thermoeconomic) analysis of a system or device is an efficient tool for evaluating the system in terms of the thermodynamic and economic aspects. In this parametric study, exergo-economic analysis of rectangular copper plain microchannels under single-phase flow conditions were investigated using de-ionised water. The exergo-economic performance was evaluated based on the relative cost difference and unit cost per product exergy tools. The channel aspect ratio effect on the unit cost per product exergy and relative cost difference was examined using three microchannel test sections with the same channel hydraulic diameter (Dh = 0.56 mm) and length (L = 62 mm) but different aspect ratios (β = 0.5, 2.56 and 4.94) under single-phase flow conditions. The results showed that the exergo-economic performances of the three microchannel test sections decreased as the net heat input increased over the experimental range. Moreover, the exergo-economic performance of test section 2 (β = 4.94) was found to be greater than the exergo-economic performances of test sections 1 and 3 (β = 0.5 and 2.56) at fixed flow rate and fixed net heat input case. INTRODUCTION Recent advances in the industry brought the appearance of miniature technological devices in the market. The heat dissipation rate from these compact and powerful devices is now becoming enormous [1-3]. The classical air cooling method cannot supply these high cooling load. For example, in a recent study that compared the efficiency of liquid-cooling and air-cooling systems reported 56% better thermal performance in the liquid-cooling method [4]. At this juncture, liquid-cooled microchannel heat sinks have become to take place in various applications such as mechanical, aerospace and other engineering applications over the past decade [5-8]. These extremely compact heat exchangers provide higher plant efficiency with reduced pumping power and waste production. On the other hand, the analysis based on the second law of thermodynamics (exergy analysis) measures the useful work potential of the system [9]. Exergy analysis helps to obtain efficiencies and energy losses of different components in complex thermodynamic cycles. In the literature, exergy analysis was found to be a powerful tool to evaluate the energy quality, therefore helps to increase the efficiencies of thermodynamic systems [10-12]. However, exergy analysis is not solely sufficient to design cost-effective systems in a world having finite natural sources. In those applications, it is required to combine the exergy analysis with economic analysis. The exergo-economic (thermoeconomic) analysis is one of the most widely used methods that evaluates the inefficiencies, the associated cost of these inefficiencies and the required investment expenditures to reduce them. The exergo-economic analysis provides an optimization for the system efficiency and associated cost. In the literature, many researchers used the exergo-economic analysis for various systems [13-18]. Okure et al. [13] applied the exergo-economic analysis to a small-scale Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system which is being used in heat exchangers, gas turbines, and heat recovery systems. They reported that 56.8% of the useful fuel is lost in the CHP system due to the irreversibilities. Moreover, they stated that the heat exchanger has the most exergetic loss (3.55 $/h), therefore it should be modified. In another study, Villa et al. [14] presented an exergo-economic analysis of a micro-cogeneration system. The system produces electricity and hot water using a natural gas fuelled microturbine and recovered waste heat from the exhaust gases. Their results showed that the system becomes cost-effective after the 5 th year based on the exergo-economic analysis. Fellah et al. [15] performed exergo-economic analysis for the gas turbine power plant located in Libya. The analysis showed that the cost of exergy destruction of the combustion chamber is the main responsible element in the total cost of exergy loss of the overall system.
Recently, new environment-friendly energy conversion technologies are required for using energy r... more Recently, new environment-friendly energy conversion technologies are required for using energy resources valid to power generation. Accordingly, low-grade heat sources as solar heat, geothermal energy, and waste heat, which have available temperatures ranging between 60 and 200°C, are supposed as applicants for recent new generation energy resources. As an alternative energy source, such low-grade heat sources usage generating electricity with the help of power turbine cycles was examined through this study. Such systems have existing technologies applicable at low temperatures and a compact structure at low cost, however, these systems have a low thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycles operated at low temperatures. An Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is alike to a conventional steam power plant, except the working fluid, which is an organic, high molecular mass fluid with a liquid-vapor phase change, or boiling point, at a lower temperature than the water-steam phase change. The efficiency of an ORC is about between 10% and 20%, depending on temperature levels and availability of a valid fluid.
In these studies, three important works examined to get ultra-low emission for a single cylinder ... more In these studies, three important works examined to get ultra-low emission for a single cylinder diesel engine. The first study was performed for single fuel and compression ratio (CR), intake and exhaust valve timings, mass flow rate were optimized for a range of engine speed. Then for the same engine injection parameters such as start of injection (SOI), injector cone angle, and split injection structures were examined to get optimum parameters for the diesel engine. In CR studies, different combustion chambers were tested according to injector cone angles and fuel-wall interaction. In the second study, in addition to the above studies, dual fuel compressed biogas (CBG) and diesel combustion were analyzed under different engine loads both experimentally and computationally. Optimized single fuel diesel cases were compared with CBG + Diesel dual fuel cases which employed port injection for CBG fuel. In dual fuel engine applications, CBG fuel and air mixture is induced from intake port and this air-fuel mixture is ignited by pilot diesel fuel near top dead center (TDC). In dual fuel engine mode, exhaust emissions reduced considerably especially in NOx and particulate matter (PM) because of methane (CH4) rate and optimized engine parameters. The third study is focused on aftertreatment systems to minimize residual exhaust emissions. The emissions of the diesel engines consist of various harmful exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Several technologies have been developed to reduce diesel emissions especially NOx reduction systems in last decades. The most promising NOx emission reduction technologies are exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to reduce peak cylinder temperature that reduces NOx form caused by combustion and active selective catalyst reduction (SCR) system using reducing agent such as urea-water-solution for exhaust aftertreatment system. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methodology was developed with conjugate heat transfer, spray, deposit and chemical reaction modeling then emission prediction tool was developed based on the CFD results with deposit prediction mechanism. CFD and deposit results were correlated with image processing tool in flow test bench. INTRODUCTION Recently, automotive industry has focused on different techniques to ensure tightened emission rules. These techniques can be aligned under two main categories: in-cylinder and after-treatment studies. In-cylinder applications contain optimizing engine parameters to decrease harmful exhaust emissions. After-treatment applications come into play supplementary role after exhaust port for irreducible emissions. In these investigations, three different works employed to get ultra-low emissions and high performance for a CI engine numerically and experimentally. Multidimensional simulations of the complete engine cycle of diesel engine for single and dual fuel cases are performed and presented here. Moreover, exhaust after-treatment emission modelling methodology are developed for NOx reduction system with experimental and numerical methods. The intake and compression stroke analyses before the combustion has performed to verify the numerical results with more plausible turbulence model. Then spray and combustion modeling are performed with HCCI strategies in order to achieve clean combustion concept. Following the power stroke simulations emission are also calculated. Furthermore, emission treatment is analyzed in detail for a similar CI engine. CFD studies for a single cylinder diesel engine were modeled using full engine geometry including intake-exhaust ports and valves. Selected cases were validated by experimental studies. As a result, both in-cylinder
In this study, experimental outcomes from a Spark ignition engine (SI) which fueled with E1 to E2... more In this study, experimental outcomes from a Spark ignition engine (SI) which fueled with E1 to E20 (Percentage of alcohol content in total fuel blend is various between 1% and 20%) were collated with recital of combustion codes for one dimensional analysis.1-D codes, which is called SRM-Suite (Stochastic Reactor Model) and Chemkin-Pro, were estimated from combustion, emissions and heat transfer point in an SI engine. The estimations are based on empirical data and working situations which were done at karadeniz technical university Research Labs in Turkey. A bunch of empirical data was employed for analysis in both of software's according to both expanded and decreased kinetic mechanisms. Simulation outcomes were collated to empirical data from heat release rate, pressure and emission point. The vicissitude of the H2O2, temperature and OH which weren't available experimentally were achieved by comparisons between two codes. Analysis demonstrates that each code has pluses and minuses. The advantages of SRM-. Suite are blow-by Crevice, ring gap, and probability density function (PDF) – based stochastic reactor modeling and these advantages helped with better convergence of the outcomes. But, Chemkin-Pro outcomes were logical and solution duration was much shorter than SRM-.Suite. Also it was clear that both decreased and expanded kinetic mechanisms had huge effect on analysis.
2009 yılı itibarıyla Avrupa’da 500 milyon nüfus ve bu nüfusa karsılık 230 milyon araç bulunmaktad... more 2009 yılı itibarıyla Avrupa’da 500 milyon nüfus ve bu nüfusa karsılık 230 milyon araç bulunmaktadır [1]. Bu rakamlar Avrupa’da her 1000 kisiden 460’ının araç sahibi oldugunu göstermektedir. Lüksemburg, zlanda ve Yeni Zelanda gibi ülkelerde bu oran 600 aracın üzerindedir [2]. 2010 yılı itibariyle 6,8 milyarlık dünya nüfusuna karsılık toplam tasıt miktarı ise yaklasık 900 milyondur. 2020 yılında 1,1 milyar tasıta karsılık 7,5 milyar nüfus olacagı tahmin edilmektedir. 2030 yılında 1,3 milyarlık ve 2050 yılında ise 2,0 milyarlık bir tasıt pazarından bahsedilmektedir [3]. Ülkemizde ise bugün yaklasık 15 milyonluk tasıt parkına sahiptir. Yani her 1000 kiside 202 kisinin tasıtı ve 101 kisinin otomobil bulunmaktadır [TUIK, 2011]. Bu rakamlar Türkiye’de araç sahipliginin artmaya devam edecegini göstermektedir.
Aimed Contribution—Fuel economy via car window film implementation will also reduce vehicle-sourc... more Aimed Contribution—Fuel economy via car window film implementation will also reduce vehicle-sourced emissions, health and welfare impacts associated with those emissions; thus, contribute to the economy. Focused Problem—During summer, solar irradiation heats up the car and Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) usage becomes essential. Moreover, MAC usage raises the fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. Eventually, imported energy sources for MAC and vehicle emissions lead global economic and health impacts. Proposed Solution—For a parked car under blazing sun in summer, car window film application limits the entrapped radiation in car cabin and reduces peak cabin temperature. Hence, MAC energy consumption will be reduced. Under consideration of film implementation costs, it is seen that MAC energy savings for diesel, gasoline and hybrid cars still contribute to the economy. Research Perspective—The physical and economic effects of several car window film and tinting applications are researched. Clear and tinted rear and side windows covered with three unique film types separately and analyzed for a parked passenger car with clear and 20 % shaded windshield. The overall impact in WA, NY, NC, USA and Istanbul, Turkey is also examined. Results—Regarding USA and Istanbul, the widespread deployment of the best possibility has potential to decrease the sum of diesel and gasoline fuel consumption by 1.7 and 0.06 billion liters, reduce the passenger car sourced total vehicle emissions by 10.5 and 0.4 billion kg and contribute to the economy by 5-year net savings of 21.3 and 1.4 billion $, respectively.
In many countries, buildings consume more energy than transport and industry. Building designs an... more In many countries, buildings consume more energy than transport and industry. Building designs and materials have a significant effect on the energy consumed for a select set of end uses. The importance of energy efficiency in building sector is especially significant in developing countries, owing to rapid new construction with opportunities to employ efficient materials and best practices. This paper present the importance of using new building materials and building systems as an alternatives to the traditional reinforced concrete (RC) building system. Energy analysis of a case study shows that low rise Cold formed steel or 3D panel's buildings have better energy efficiency than traditional RC buildings. Also the construction costs of these building are less by about 20 % than RC buildings. By choosing energy-efficient designs and materials different opportunities and measures for reducing energy use in buildings without sacrificing comfort levels can be achieved.
LED lightening especially in outdoor lightening becomes gradually most favourite lightening syste... more LED lightening especially in outdoor lightening becomes gradually most favourite lightening system around of the world. In this study a street type high power LED armature is modelled and thermal analysis is performed. Fine mesh is applied to model by using a specific program according to finite volume method. Then, its energy and heat analysis are performed by a computer aided analysis program. Also the armature is tested by using thermocouples and data logger in our laboratory to verify obtained data. The results are compared and the convergence of the computer simulation study to real values is observed at the end of the study.
Aimed Contribution: Via simple and applicable car window filming alternative, it is aimed to redu... more Aimed Contribution: Via simple and applicable car window filming alternative, it is aimed to reduce vehicle-sourced emissions and fuel consumption; thus, contribute to the economy eventually. Focused Problem: The exposure of solar radiation especially in summer, rise the car cabin soak temperature so high that the usage of mobile air conditioning (MAC) turns into a must. To cool the cabin down to comfort temperature, MAC uses excess amount of fuel that increases the vehicle emissions. Both of these also bring another economic problem as well. These problems are not just region based but also global based issues as being responsible for the formation of Green House Gases (GHGs), and for the consumption of limited and usually imported energy sources. Proposed Solution: The application of car window films blocks the considerable amount of radiation. Thus, reduce the parked cabin temperature. Once the rise in soak temperature is reduced, MAC will then consume less energy. This energy saving -valid for electric cars, as well- for diesel, gasoline and hybrid cars also means fuel saving and further means prevented emissions, in other words, economic contribution even after the filming costs are subtracted. Research Perspective: Passenger car cabin condition is investigated for 1 hour of parking at noon in summer at direct sun exposed. This research also aimed to examine three different types of filming together with tinted and clear (not filmed) car window glasses for clear and 20% shaded windshield, separately. To form the big picture, after calculating every individual possibility only during summer, each application’s total effect on greater territory of Geographic Europe (GE) containing every European country and only European Union (EU) is also researched. This research may bring the reconsideration of visible light transmission laws and tinting limitations regarding the results and invisible film applications. Solution Benefits: Once the pollutant is emitted, none of the treatment procedure vanishes the pollutant but separates from the medium. Hence, reduction at the source occupies the highest hierarchy in pollution management. More tragically, the vehicle-sourced emissions cannot be treated even with exhaust filters, which increase the fuel consumption and faith to be emitted to the atmosphere. Each solution that helps to reduce the vehicle emissions while saving fuel and increasing economy plays one of the major and significant roles. Window-filming application is preferable for being easily applicable, cheaper when compared to treatment, and a quick solution. Other potential benefits are for both reducing the cabin soak temperature and blocking the sun rays, reducing the child deaths caused by being left unattended in heated car cabins, vehicle air pollution related health problems such as cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, skin cancer due to solar radiation while driving, driver fatigue, shrinking MAC size due to decreased peak load and for the cabin interior materials, increasing their life-span, preventing their aging and decreasing their damage. Results: Among film types, classic-dark Film C gives the best performance especially when applied on tinted rear and side windows with 20% shaded windshield. Regarding GE and EU, the best possibility has potential to increase sum of diesel and gasoline fuel economy by 3.6 and 2.8 billion liters reduce the passenger car sourced total GHG emissions by 34 and 27 billion kg and contribute the economy with 5-year net savings of 270 and 226 billion $, respectively. Conclusion: Three different types of film effects separately analyzed on clear and tinted windows with clear and 20% shaded windshield around GE, 50 countries, and EU, 28 member countries. It has seen that film application prevents massive amount of vehicle emissions due to saved MAC fuel consumption and eventually increase the economy both by fuel savings, emission sourced costs savings and prolonging lifetime of the cabin interiors. Presented research emphasizes the car window filming effects around the Washington (WA), New York (NY), North Carolina (NC), U.S.A. and Istanbul, Turkey over the reduction in fuel consumption, which eventually results decline of vehicle emissions and increase in economy.
Aimed Contribution: Via simple and applicable car window filming alternative, it is aimed to redu... more Aimed Contribution: Via simple and applicable car window filming alternative, it is aimed to reduce vehicle-sourced emissions and fuel consumption; thus, contribute to the economy eventually. Focused Problem: The exposure of solar radiation especially in summer, rise the car cabin soak temperature so high that the usage of mobile air conditioning (MAC) turns into a must. To cool the cabin down to comfort temperature, MAC uses excess amount of fuel that increases the vehicle emissions. Both of these also bring another economic problem as well. These problems are not just region based but also global based issues as being responsible for the formation of Green House Gases (GHGs), and for the consumption of limited and usually imported energy sources. Proposed Solution: The application of car window films blocks the considerable amount of radiation. Thus, reduce the parked cabin temperature. Once the rise in soak temperature is reduced, MAC will then consume less energy. This energy saving-valid for electric cars, as well-for diesel, gasoline and hybrid cars also means fuel saving and further means prevented emissions, in other words, economic contribution even after the filming costs are subtracted. Research Perspective: Passenger car cabin condition is investigated for 1 hour of parking at noon in summer at direct sun exposed. This research also aimed to examine three different types of filming together with tinted and clear (not filmed) car window glasses for clear and 20% shaded windshield, separately. To form the big picture, after calculating every individual possibility only during summer, each application's total effect on greater territory of Geographic Europe (GE) containing every European country and only European Union (EU) is also researched. This research may bring the reconsideration of visible light transmission laws and tinting limitations regarding the results and invisible film applications. Solution Benefits: Once the pollutant is emitted, none of the treatment procedure vanishes the pollutant but separates from the medium. Hence, reduction at the source occupies the highest hierarchy in pollution management. More tragically, the vehicle-sourced emissions cannot be treated even with exhaust filters, which increase the fuel consumption and faith to be emitted to the atmosphere. Each solution that helps to reduce the vehicle emissions while saving fuel and increasing economy plays one of the major and significant roles. Window-filming application is preferable for being easily applicable, cheaper when compared to treatment, and a quick solution. Other potential benefits are for both reducing the cabin soak temperature and blocking the sun rays, reducing the child deaths caused by being left unattended in heated car cabins, vehicle air pollution related health problems such as cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, skin cancer due to solar radiation while driving, driver fatigue, shrinking MAC size due to decreased peak load and for the cabin interior materials, increasing their lifespan , preventing their aging and decreasing their damage. Results: Among film types, classic-dark Film C gives the best performance especially when applied on tinted rear and side windows with 20% shaded windshield. Regarding GE and EU, the best possibility has potential to increase sum of diesel and gasoline fuel economy by 3.6 and 2.8 billion liters reduce the passenger car sourced total GHG emissions by 34 and 27 billion kg and contribute the economy with 5-year net savings of 270 and 226 billion $, respectively. Conclusion: Three different types of film effects separately analyzed on clear and tinted windows with clear and 20% shaded windshield around GE, 50 countries, and EU, 28 member countries. It has seen that film application prevents massive amount of vehicle emissions due to saved MAC fuel consumption and eventually increase the economy both by fuel savings, emission sourced costs savings and prolonging lifetime of the cabin interiors.
An efficient turbine blade profile is investigated for a Solar Chimney Power Plant prototype (SC... more An efficient turbine blade profile is investigated for a Solar Chimney Power Plant prototype (SCPP) established in Adıyaman University campus area to increase the efficiency of the prototype. CFD simulation of SCPP system carried out and obtained results are compared with the velocity and temperature data measured in the prototype. Then, the turbines desinged with different airfoil profiles are included in the obtained right CFD model and CFD simulation of the whole system coupled with turbine is carried out. Four different airfoil profiles used for the turbine blade design are Naca 4415, Fx66196v, Naca 23012 and Clark Y. To investigate the most efficient one of used airfoil profiles ; lift coefficient (CL) and drag coefficient (CD) of each airfoil profile are calculated by using FLUENT software under the same operating conditions. The airfoil has the best permormance in the studied model is concluded by comparing CL, CD and CL / CD ratio. Aim The main purpose of this study is to find an efficient airfoil profile for wind turbine blade design. An accurate CFD model of the real system is tried to set up. Wind turbines are horizontally put in the realized accurate CFD model and flow is defined on the turbine and numerical simulation is carried out coupled with turbine. Lift and drag coefficients of used airfoils are calculated and compared to find most efficient one which has highest CL / CD ratio and a higher lift coefficient and lower drag coefficient compared to others. Material and Method Conclusions Figure 4. Contours of Static Temperature on the Midplane of Prototype For a good performance of the turbine blades in this study, lift coefficient is desired to be high, drag coefficient is desired to be low and ratio of C L /C D is desired to be maximum. If only C D is observed, Clark Y profile has the best performance with lowest C D value. Naca 23012 airfoil has the lowest performance with highest C D value in studied model. And also Naca 4415airfoil profile has a better performance than Fx66196v airfoil profile. If only C L is observed, Fx66196v airfoil has the best performance with the highest C L value. Clark Y airfoil has the lowest performance with lowest C L value in studied model. And also Naca 23012 airfoil profile has a better performance than Naca 4415 airfoil profile. Results • Solar chimney prototype plant CAD model is created with respect to real dimensions (figure 2). Air velocity and temperature measurement points in the prototype plant are shown in figure 2. • Turbines' CAD models are created with four blades have a high angle of attack 50°. Airfoil distribution along the blade radius is decreased as a defined rate from hub to tip. Four different airfoil profile used in blade design are Clark Y, Fx66196v, Naca 4415, Naca 23012. (figure 3) • The fluid volume is meshed. Boundary conditions are defined in FLUENT software. Walls are defined with no-slip condition as stationary walls. Turbine blades are also defined as stationary walls with no-slip condition. Ambient air temperature, ambient air velocity and solar radiation amount are defined appropriate with the real measured data. Collector, chimney and ground materials are defined appropriate with the prototype plant. • The analysis is performed by using energy equations. k-epsilon turbulance model is used in the solution. Solution method is applied as SIMPLE method for pressure-velocity coupling. After enough iterative solution, good results are obtained. • The experimental results of air velocity and temperature are obtained from the prototype plant without turbine. So, CFD analysis is firstly carried out on a model without turbine geometry. Numerical predictions are compared to the experimental results and a CFD model of the system without turbine is obtained with good results for using in prediction the results of the system coupled with turbine. • Numerical simulation of prototype plant is carried out coupled with four different turbine design by using the obtained accurate CFD model of the system. Lift and drag coefficients of each blades are calculated under the same operating conditions and compared (table 1) for the best performance of the turbine.
In recent years, automotive companies and research centers have utilized different techniques to ... more In recent years, automotive companies and research centers have utilized different techniques to ensure tightened emission rules. These studies generally are divided into two main categories: in-cylinder and after-treatment applications. In the first stage, harmful exhaust emissions were decreased by optimizing engine parameters. After-treatment applications come into play after exhaust port for irreducible emissions. In the studies, done at Marmara University, three important works examined to get ultra-low emission for a single cylinder diesel engine. In the first study, engine parameters such as compression ratio (CR), intake and exhaust valve timings, mass flow rate were optimized for a range of engine speed. Then for the same engine injection parameters such as start of injection (SOI), injector cone angle, and split injection structures were examined to get optimum parameters for the diesel engine. In CR studies different combustion chambers were tested according to injector cone angles and fuel-wall interaction. In the second study, in addition to the above studies, dual fuel compressed biogas (CBG) and diesel combustion were analyzed under different engine loads both experimentally and computationally. Optimized single fuel diesel cases were compared with CBG + Diesel dual fuel cases which employed port injection for CBG fuel. In dual fuel engine applications, CBG fuel and air mixture is induced from intake port and this air-fuel mixture is ignited by pilot diesel fuel near top dead center (TDC). In dual fuel engine mode, exhaust emissions reduced considerably especially in NOx and particulate matter (PM) because of methane (CH4) rate and optimized engine parameters. The third study is focused on aftertreatment systems to minimize residual exhaust emissions. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methodology was developed with conjugate heat transfer, spray, deposit and chemical reaction modeling then emission prediction tool was developed based on the CFD results with deposit prediction mechanism. CFD and deposit results were correlated with image processing tool in flow test bench.
In this study, experimental outcomes from a Spark ignition engine (SI) which fueled with E1 to E2... more In this study, experimental outcomes from a Spark ignition engine (SI) which fueled with E1 to E20 (Percentage of alcohol content in total fuel blend is various between 1% and 20%) were collated with recital of combustion codes for one dimensional analysis.1-D codes, which is called SRM-Suite (Stochastic Reactor Model) and Chemkin-Pro, were estimated from combustion, emissions and heat transfer point in an SI engine. The estimations are based on empirical data and working situations which were done at karadeniz technical university Research Labs in Turkey. A bunch of empirical data was employed for analysis in both of software's according to both expanded and decreased kinetic mechanisms. Simulation outcomes were collated to empirical data from heat release rate, pressure and emission point. The vicissitude of the H2O2, temperature and OH which weren't available experimentally were achieved by comparisons between two codes. Analysis demonstrates that each code has pluses and minuses. The advantages of SRM-. Suite are blow-by Crevice, ring gap, and probability density function (PDF) – based stochastic reactor modeling and these advantages helped with better convergence of the outcomes. But, Chemkin-Pro outcomes were logical and solution duration was much shorter than SRM-.Suite. Also it was clear that both decreased and expanded kinetic mechanisms had huge effect on analysis.
[Abstract:0072][Modeling and Software] SUMMARY For sustainable development, a reduction in energy... more [Abstract:0072][Modeling and Software] SUMMARY For sustainable development, a reduction in energy demand is essential. This could be achieved through improving energy efficiency, effective energy conservation and management. The weather conditions of a given region are the most important considerations for the proper design of space AC systems. In this study, The typical meteorological year and climatic database of Turkey for the energy analysis of buildings were generated by SQL database programmimg language. The Finkelstein–Schafer statistical method was applied to analyze the hourly measured weather data of a 23-year period (1989–2012).and select representative typical meteorological months (TMMs). The selection criteria was based on 13 meteorological parameters. These parameters are the daily mean, maximum and minimum values and ranges of temperature, dew-point and wind velocity and the daily values of global solar radiation. According to results of TMY, climatic database of turkey including daily or hourly climate variables was created in sql data tables.
In this study, the effect of ethanol in gasoline combustion engine has been investigated and opti... more In this study, the effect of ethanol in gasoline combustion engine has been investigated and optimized from emission and performance point. At the first level, the engine performance for pure gasoline fuel; then a mixture of ethanol and gasoline was used in which the amount of ethanol varies from 1% to 20 %. The engine speed was chosen 2000 rpm and single fuel gasoline was compared to et hanol-gasoline fuel blend. Engine performance was validated by different results and shown in figure 1. From the performance and emission value points it was obvious that 8% ethanol-gasoline blend is the desirable amount. It is clear that from performance and CO point, there is a good agreement between the results and literature researches. Figure 2 shows the change of CO and CO2 as a function of crank angle. In general, the results showed similar trends except the ones using SRM-detailed chemistry. The accuracy of the results were tested by comparing to each other literature data, especially when it is considered that SRM detailed chemistry results are in good agreement with experimental out comes in terms of the available data.
As a consequence of the limited availability of fossil fuels, green energy is gaining more and mo... more As a consequence of the limited availability of fossil fuels, green energy is gaining more and more popularity. Home and business electricity is currently limited to solar thermal energy. Essential receivers in current solar thermal power plants can endure high temperatures. This ensures funding for green thermal power generation. Regular solar thermal power plant testing is arduous and time-consuming. They need expensive installation and take up much space. Many free software and tools can model and simulate solar thermal-producing systems. Some techniques can evaluate and predict the plant’s performance, while others can investigate specific components. Nothing using research tools has ever reached the top. Simulated testing may precede power plant construction. This research requires basic visual help. A rudimentary plant model was developed when the computational calculations for thermal performance were obtained. Plus, it may estimate how much power the facility would produce. The program includes hydraulic heat transport fluids, ambient factors, a database, and user input parameters. Free hourly weather data from anywhere is available from the simulator. The simulator calculates the thermal power delivered by each component while running constituent simulators.
In recent years, automotive companies and research centers have utilized different techniques to ... more In recent years, automotive companies and research centers have utilized different techniques to ensure tightened emission rules. These studies generally are divided into two main categories: in-cylinder and after-treatment applications. In the first stage, harmful exhaust emissions were decreased by optimizing engine parameters. After-treatment applications come into play after exhaust port for irreducible emissions. In the studies, done at Marmara University, three important works examined to get ultra-low emission for a single cylinder diesel engine. In the first study, engine parameters such as compression ratio (CR), intake and exhaust valve timings, mass flow rate were optimized for a range of engine speed. Then for the same engine injection parameters such as start of injection (SOI), injector cone angle, and split injection structures were examined to get optimum parameters for the diesel engine. In CR studies different combustion chambers were tested according to injector c...
In recent years, automotive companies and research centers have utilized different techniques to ... more In recent years, automotive companies and research centers have utilized different techniques to ensure tightened emission rules. These studies generally are divided into two main categories: in-cylinder and after-treatment applications. In the first stage, harmful exhaust emissions were decreased by optimizing engine parameters. After-treatment applications come into play after exhaust port for irreducible emissions. In the studies, done at Marmara University, three important works examined to get ultra-low emission for a single cylinder diesel engine. In the first study, engine parameters such as compression ratio (CR), intake and exhaust valve timings, mass flow rate were optimized for a range of engine speed. Then for the same engine injection parameters such as start of injection (SOI), injector cone angle, and split injection structures were examined to get optimum parameters for the diesel engine. In CR studies different combustion chambers were tested according to injector c...
With the increase of energy demand, many researchers tried to develop scientific approaches in or... more With the increase of energy demand, many researchers tried to develop scientific approaches in order to design more efficient and environmentally friendly energy systems. Exergo-economic (thermoeconomic) analysis of a system or device is an efficient tool for evaluating the system in terms of the thermodynamic and economic aspects. In this parametric study, exergo-economic analysis of rectangular copper plain microchannels under single-phase flow conditions were investigated using de-ionised water. The exergo-economic performance was evaluated based on the relative cost difference and unit cost per product exergy tools. The channel aspect ratio effect on the unit cost per product exergy and relative cost difference was examined using three microchannel test sections with the same channel hydraulic diameter (Dh = 0.56 mm) and length (L = 62 mm) but different aspect ratios (β = 0.5, 2.56 and 4.94) under single-phase flow conditions. The results showed that the exergo-economic performances of the three microchannel test sections decreased as the net heat input increased over the experimental range. Moreover, the exergo-economic performance of test section 2 (β = 4.94) was found to be greater than the exergo-economic performances of test sections 1 and 3 (β = 0.5 and 2.56) at fixed flow rate and fixed net heat input case. INTRODUCTION Recent advances in the industry brought the appearance of miniature technological devices in the market. The heat dissipation rate from these compact and powerful devices is now becoming enormous [1-3]. The classical air cooling method cannot supply these high cooling load. For example, in a recent study that compared the efficiency of liquid-cooling and air-cooling systems reported 56% better thermal performance in the liquid-cooling method [4]. At this juncture, liquid-cooled microchannel heat sinks have become to take place in various applications such as mechanical, aerospace and other engineering applications over the past decade [5-8]. These extremely compact heat exchangers provide higher plant efficiency with reduced pumping power and waste production. On the other hand, the analysis based on the second law of thermodynamics (exergy analysis) measures the useful work potential of the system [9]. Exergy analysis helps to obtain efficiencies and energy losses of different components in complex thermodynamic cycles. In the literature, exergy analysis was found to be a powerful tool to evaluate the energy quality, therefore helps to increase the efficiencies of thermodynamic systems [10-12]. However, exergy analysis is not solely sufficient to design cost-effective systems in a world having finite natural sources. In those applications, it is required to combine the exergy analysis with economic analysis. The exergo-economic (thermoeconomic) analysis is one of the most widely used methods that evaluates the inefficiencies, the associated cost of these inefficiencies and the required investment expenditures to reduce them. The exergo-economic analysis provides an optimization for the system efficiency and associated cost. In the literature, many researchers used the exergo-economic analysis for various systems [13-18]. Okure et al. [13] applied the exergo-economic analysis to a small-scale Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system which is being used in heat exchangers, gas turbines, and heat recovery systems. They reported that 56.8% of the useful fuel is lost in the CHP system due to the irreversibilities. Moreover, they stated that the heat exchanger has the most exergetic loss (3.55 $/h), therefore it should be modified. In another study, Villa et al. [14] presented an exergo-economic analysis of a micro-cogeneration system. The system produces electricity and hot water using a natural gas fuelled microturbine and recovered waste heat from the exhaust gases. Their results showed that the system becomes cost-effective after the 5 th year based on the exergo-economic analysis. Fellah et al. [15] performed exergo-economic analysis for the gas turbine power plant located in Libya. The analysis showed that the cost of exergy destruction of the combustion chamber is the main responsible element in the total cost of exergy loss of the overall system.
Recently, new environment-friendly energy conversion technologies are required for using energy r... more Recently, new environment-friendly energy conversion technologies are required for using energy resources valid to power generation. Accordingly, low-grade heat sources as solar heat, geothermal energy, and waste heat, which have available temperatures ranging between 60 and 200°C, are supposed as applicants for recent new generation energy resources. As an alternative energy source, such low-grade heat sources usage generating electricity with the help of power turbine cycles was examined through this study. Such systems have existing technologies applicable at low temperatures and a compact structure at low cost, however, these systems have a low thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycles operated at low temperatures. An Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is alike to a conventional steam power plant, except the working fluid, which is an organic, high molecular mass fluid with a liquid-vapor phase change, or boiling point, at a lower temperature than the water-steam phase change. The efficiency of an ORC is about between 10% and 20%, depending on temperature levels and availability of a valid fluid.
In these studies, three important works examined to get ultra-low emission for a single cylinder ... more In these studies, three important works examined to get ultra-low emission for a single cylinder diesel engine. The first study was performed for single fuel and compression ratio (CR), intake and exhaust valve timings, mass flow rate were optimized for a range of engine speed. Then for the same engine injection parameters such as start of injection (SOI), injector cone angle, and split injection structures were examined to get optimum parameters for the diesel engine. In CR studies, different combustion chambers were tested according to injector cone angles and fuel-wall interaction. In the second study, in addition to the above studies, dual fuel compressed biogas (CBG) and diesel combustion were analyzed under different engine loads both experimentally and computationally. Optimized single fuel diesel cases were compared with CBG + Diesel dual fuel cases which employed port injection for CBG fuel. In dual fuel engine applications, CBG fuel and air mixture is induced from intake port and this air-fuel mixture is ignited by pilot diesel fuel near top dead center (TDC). In dual fuel engine mode, exhaust emissions reduced considerably especially in NOx and particulate matter (PM) because of methane (CH4) rate and optimized engine parameters. The third study is focused on aftertreatment systems to minimize residual exhaust emissions. The emissions of the diesel engines consist of various harmful exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Several technologies have been developed to reduce diesel emissions especially NOx reduction systems in last decades. The most promising NOx emission reduction technologies are exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to reduce peak cylinder temperature that reduces NOx form caused by combustion and active selective catalyst reduction (SCR) system using reducing agent such as urea-water-solution for exhaust aftertreatment system. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methodology was developed with conjugate heat transfer, spray, deposit and chemical reaction modeling then emission prediction tool was developed based on the CFD results with deposit prediction mechanism. CFD and deposit results were correlated with image processing tool in flow test bench. INTRODUCTION Recently, automotive industry has focused on different techniques to ensure tightened emission rules. These techniques can be aligned under two main categories: in-cylinder and after-treatment studies. In-cylinder applications contain optimizing engine parameters to decrease harmful exhaust emissions. After-treatment applications come into play supplementary role after exhaust port for irreducible emissions. In these investigations, three different works employed to get ultra-low emissions and high performance for a CI engine numerically and experimentally. Multidimensional simulations of the complete engine cycle of diesel engine for single and dual fuel cases are performed and presented here. Moreover, exhaust after-treatment emission modelling methodology are developed for NOx reduction system with experimental and numerical methods. The intake and compression stroke analyses before the combustion has performed to verify the numerical results with more plausible turbulence model. Then spray and combustion modeling are performed with HCCI strategies in order to achieve clean combustion concept. Following the power stroke simulations emission are also calculated. Furthermore, emission treatment is analyzed in detail for a similar CI engine. CFD studies for a single cylinder diesel engine were modeled using full engine geometry including intake-exhaust ports and valves. Selected cases were validated by experimental studies. As a result, both in-cylinder
In this study, experimental outcomes from a Spark ignition engine (SI) which fueled with E1 to E2... more In this study, experimental outcomes from a Spark ignition engine (SI) which fueled with E1 to E20 (Percentage of alcohol content in total fuel blend is various between 1% and 20%) were collated with recital of combustion codes for one dimensional analysis.1-D codes, which is called SRM-Suite (Stochastic Reactor Model) and Chemkin-Pro, were estimated from combustion, emissions and heat transfer point in an SI engine. The estimations are based on empirical data and working situations which were done at karadeniz technical university Research Labs in Turkey. A bunch of empirical data was employed for analysis in both of software's according to both expanded and decreased kinetic mechanisms. Simulation outcomes were collated to empirical data from heat release rate, pressure and emission point. The vicissitude of the H2O2, temperature and OH which weren't available experimentally were achieved by comparisons between two codes. Analysis demonstrates that each code has pluses and minuses. The advantages of SRM-. Suite are blow-by Crevice, ring gap, and probability density function (PDF) – based stochastic reactor modeling and these advantages helped with better convergence of the outcomes. But, Chemkin-Pro outcomes were logical and solution duration was much shorter than SRM-.Suite. Also it was clear that both decreased and expanded kinetic mechanisms had huge effect on analysis.
2009 yılı itibarıyla Avrupa’da 500 milyon nüfus ve bu nüfusa karsılık 230 milyon araç bulunmaktad... more 2009 yılı itibarıyla Avrupa’da 500 milyon nüfus ve bu nüfusa karsılık 230 milyon araç bulunmaktadır [1]. Bu rakamlar Avrupa’da her 1000 kisiden 460’ının araç sahibi oldugunu göstermektedir. Lüksemburg, zlanda ve Yeni Zelanda gibi ülkelerde bu oran 600 aracın üzerindedir [2]. 2010 yılı itibariyle 6,8 milyarlık dünya nüfusuna karsılık toplam tasıt miktarı ise yaklasık 900 milyondur. 2020 yılında 1,1 milyar tasıta karsılık 7,5 milyar nüfus olacagı tahmin edilmektedir. 2030 yılında 1,3 milyarlık ve 2050 yılında ise 2,0 milyarlık bir tasıt pazarından bahsedilmektedir [3]. Ülkemizde ise bugün yaklasık 15 milyonluk tasıt parkına sahiptir. Yani her 1000 kiside 202 kisinin tasıtı ve 101 kisinin otomobil bulunmaktadır [TUIK, 2011]. Bu rakamlar Türkiye’de araç sahipliginin artmaya devam edecegini göstermektedir.
Aimed Contribution—Fuel economy via car window film implementation will also reduce vehicle-sourc... more Aimed Contribution—Fuel economy via car window film implementation will also reduce vehicle-sourced emissions, health and welfare impacts associated with those emissions; thus, contribute to the economy. Focused Problem—During summer, solar irradiation heats up the car and Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) usage becomes essential. Moreover, MAC usage raises the fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. Eventually, imported energy sources for MAC and vehicle emissions lead global economic and health impacts. Proposed Solution—For a parked car under blazing sun in summer, car window film application limits the entrapped radiation in car cabin and reduces peak cabin temperature. Hence, MAC energy consumption will be reduced. Under consideration of film implementation costs, it is seen that MAC energy savings for diesel, gasoline and hybrid cars still contribute to the economy. Research Perspective—The physical and economic effects of several car window film and tinting applications are researched. Clear and tinted rear and side windows covered with three unique film types separately and analyzed for a parked passenger car with clear and 20 % shaded windshield. The overall impact in WA, NY, NC, USA and Istanbul, Turkey is also examined. Results—Regarding USA and Istanbul, the widespread deployment of the best possibility has potential to decrease the sum of diesel and gasoline fuel consumption by 1.7 and 0.06 billion liters, reduce the passenger car sourced total vehicle emissions by 10.5 and 0.4 billion kg and contribute to the economy by 5-year net savings of 21.3 and 1.4 billion $, respectively.
In order to meet the energy demand and reduce the environmental pollution, it is necessary utiliz... more In order to meet the energy demand and reduce the environmental pollution, it is necessary utilize photovoltaic (PV) module to produce electrical energy. There are many factors such as solar radiation, PV module material, wind energy, soiling factor, shading effect, geographical location, cell temperature is affecting the performance of the PV module. In this context, the performance of the multi crystalline based two PV plants has been examined. In this work, test is carried out in two solar plants installed at Kastoria, Greece (500kW, ground mounted) and Kocaeli, Turkey (110kW, roof mounted) and the results are compared with PVSYST software simulation results. From the results, it is found that the temperature losses for Kastoria and Kocaeli plants are obtained as 7.9% and 7.6% respectively. This leads to increase the performance ratio of 79% and 72.2% for Kastoria and Kocaeli plants respectively. Similarly, the maximum energy output is obtained for PVGIS database for all three models (Liu Jordan model, Hay Davies model and Perez model). The Internal Rate of Return for Kocaeli plant is 7.08% and for Kastoria plant is 6.71%. In addition, the Net Present Value for Kastoria and Kocaeli plant is obtained as 821900€ and 174072€ respectively.
In this study, using the general survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods,... more In this study, using the general survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, the evaluation of the occupational safety courses given in undergraduate departments in Turkey and their effects on working life were examined for 440 people who received their undergraduate education and started their working life. An appropriate sampling method was preferred in the sample selection of the study. According to the research, the effect of occupational health and safety courses on working life, the contribution of occupational health and safety education, and occupational health and safety education’s contribution to awareness show significant differences according to age, gender, department, and work experience. When the relationship between them is examined, these relationships are positive and moderate. The results and survey average scores show that the theoretical courses on occupational health and safety in undergraduate programs of universities in Turkey are insufficient and should be supported by practice and training in working life.
In the realm of Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plants, it is crucial to prioritize the m... more In the realm of Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plants, it is crucial to prioritize the mitigation of CO2 emissions to ensure environmental sustainability. The integration of post-combustion carbon capture technologies plays a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions enhancing the NGCC’s environmental profile by minimizing its carbon footprint. This research paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the integration of solar thermal energy into the Besmaya Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plant, located in Baghdad, Iraq. Leveraging advanced process simulation and modeling techniques employing Aspen Plus software, the study aims to evaluate the performance and feasibility of augmenting the existing NGCC facility with solar assistance for post-carbon capture. The primary objective of this research is to conduct a thorough simulation of the Besmaya NGCC power plant under its current operational conditions, thereby establishing a baseline for subsequent analyses. Subsequently, a solar-assisted post-combustion capture (PCC) plant is simulated and seamlessly integrated into the existing power infrastructure. To accurately estimate solar thermal power potential at the Baghdad coordinates, the System Advisor Model (SAM) is employed. The integration of solar thermal energy into the NGCC power plant is meticulously examined, and the resulting hybrid system’s technical viability and performance metrics are rigorously evaluated. The paper contributes to the field by providing valuable insights into the technical feasibility and potential benefits of incorporating solar thermal energy into conventional natural gas power generation infrastructure, particularly in the context of the Besmaya NGCC plant in Baghdad. The power generation capacity of the plant was set at 750 MW. With this capacity, the annual CO2 generation was estimated at 2,119,318 tonnes/year which was reduced to 18,064 tonnes/year (a 99% reduction). The findings aim to inform future decisions in the pursuit of sustainable and efficient energy solutions, addressing both environmental concerns and energy security in the region.
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Conference Presentations by Mustafa Yilmaz
Presented research emphasizes the car window filming effects around the Washington (WA), New York (NY), North Carolina (NC), U.S.A. and Istanbul, Turkey over the reduction in fuel consumption, which eventually results decline of vehicle emissions and increase in economy.
Papers by Mustafa Yilmaz
Presented research emphasizes the car window filming effects around the Washington (WA), New York (NY), North Carolina (NC), U.S.A. and Istanbul, Turkey over the reduction in fuel consumption, which eventually results decline of vehicle emissions and increase in economy.