For the first time, the nearly complete genome sequence of onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) was fo... more For the first time, the nearly complete genome sequence of onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) was found in Iran from garlic (Allium sativum L.) by deep RNA sequencing. Complete coding sequence of the Iranian isolate of OYDV (MN528769) consists of 10,212 nucleotides (nt), encodes a polyprotein with 3,403 amino acids (aa). Pairwise sequence comparisons showed that IR-Kh2 shares 74.84-97.39% identity at the nt level and 75.6798% identity at the amino acids level, respectively with other OYDV isolates deposited in the GenBank previously. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the OYDV isolates were divided into two main groups based on the coding sequence of genome and the Iranian OYDV isolate cluster together with the Australian (MS/SW1), Spanish (SG1), Chinese (G78 and G37-2), and Indian (RR1) isolates. Furthermore, a genetic recombination analysis was also performed, in which a putative recombination event was detected in the nuclear inclusion body b (NIb) gene.
Introduction: Potato virus M (PVM) and Potato virus S (PVS) are members of the genus Carlavirus i... more Introduction: Potato virus M (PVM) and Potato virus S (PVS) are members of the genus Carlavirus in the family Betaflexiviridae. They have worldwide distribution and potato is a major host of the viruses. They have flexuous filamentous virions with a linear, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of about 8.5 kb. The RNA genome contains a 5´- cap structure, six open reading frames (ORFs), and a poly-A tail at the 3´-terminus. Potato virus M was first isolated from Solanum tuberosum in 1923 in the United States by Schulz et al. It has since been found in all potato production areas worldwide, alone or in mixed infection with PVS. Despite evolutionary adaptation to broad geographical niches, PVM and PVS have a narrow host range limited to solanaceous species. In naturally infected plants, PVM causes mottling, mosaic, crinkling, leaflet deformation and stunting of shoots. The symptoms of PVM on potato vary from latency to severe and are similar to those caused by some other potato-i...
Introduction: Among legume crops, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most importan... more Introduction: Among legume crops, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important worldwide crops, because of its cultivation area and nutritional value. The closely related potyviruses Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) are the most common and most destructive viruses that infect common beans throughout the world. The viruses induced similar symptoms in numerous bean genotypes, including mosaic, leaf distortion, stunting, and lethal necrosis. Like all potyviruses, BCMV and BCMNV have non-enveloped flexuous filamentous virions of 750 nm long and 11–13 nm wide, which encapsidate a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecule of approximately 10,000 nt long. Both are naturally transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner and by seed, which explains their worldwide distribution. These viruses are major constraints on bean production and can cause serious crop losses. Mazanadaran province in north of Iran is one of the majo...
Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BMMV) are two closely related by... more Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BMMV) are two closely related bymoviruses causing significant yield losses to barley in Europe and East Asia. In the present study we detected both viruses and Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) by DAS-ELISA from field samples collected in Iranian provinces. Moreover, we obtained and sequenced a 971 bp long fragment that included the coat protein coding region of eight Iranian isolates of BaYMV. Phylogenetic analysis of BaYMV coat protein nucleotide sequences previously published shows a separation of Asian and European isolates into two main groups. Surprisingly, Iranian isolates formed a minor cluster within the European group. Alignment of coat protein amino acid sequences confirmed that Iranian BaYMV isolates were more similar to European than to Asian isolates. Further studies are necessary to characterize the molecular and, in particular, the biological properties of Iranian BaYMV isolates in order to evaluate...
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) was detected in 288 of the 392 samples collected in Iran.... more Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) was detected in 288 of the 392 samples collected in Iran. A-type BNYVV was detected most frequently. The p25 coding region on BNYVV RNA-3 was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Nine different variants of the highly variable amino acid tetrad at positions 67-70 of p25 were identified, i.e. ACHG, AHHG, AYHG, ALHG, AFHR, AFHG, AHYG, VLHG and VHHG. These are more different tetrad variants than have been reported from any other country. The first three variants were found most commonly. In 23 out of the 288 BNYVV-positive samples, we detected P-type BNYVV that had previously been identified only in France, Kazakhstan and recently in the UK. Surprisingly, none of these samples contained the fifth RNA species usually associated with P-type BNYVV in other countries. As in other BNYVV P-type sources, the p25 amino acid tetrad in positions 67-70 of the Iranian P-type consists of SYHG.
For the first time, the nearly complete genome sequence of onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) was fo... more For the first time, the nearly complete genome sequence of onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) was found in Iran from garlic (Allium sativum L.) by deep RNA sequencing. Complete coding sequence of the Iranian isolate of OYDV (MN528769) consists of 10,212 nucleotides (nt), encodes a polyprotein with 3,403 amino acids (aa). Pairwise sequence comparisons showed that IR-Kh2 shares 74.84-97.39% identity at the nt level and 75.6798% identity at the amino acids level, respectively with other OYDV isolates deposited in the GenBank previously. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the OYDV isolates were divided into two main groups based on the coding sequence of genome and the Iranian OYDV isolate cluster together with the Australian (MS/SW1), Spanish (SG1), Chinese (G78 and G37-2), and Indian (RR1) isolates. Furthermore, a genetic recombination analysis was also performed, in which a putative recombination event was detected in the nuclear inclusion body b (NIb) gene.
Introduction: Potato virus M (PVM) and Potato virus S (PVS) are members of the genus Carlavirus i... more Introduction: Potato virus M (PVM) and Potato virus S (PVS) are members of the genus Carlavirus in the family Betaflexiviridae. They have worldwide distribution and potato is a major host of the viruses. They have flexuous filamentous virions with a linear, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of about 8.5 kb. The RNA genome contains a 5´- cap structure, six open reading frames (ORFs), and a poly-A tail at the 3´-terminus. Potato virus M was first isolated from Solanum tuberosum in 1923 in the United States by Schulz et al. It has since been found in all potato production areas worldwide, alone or in mixed infection with PVS. Despite evolutionary adaptation to broad geographical niches, PVM and PVS have a narrow host range limited to solanaceous species. In naturally infected plants, PVM causes mottling, mosaic, crinkling, leaflet deformation and stunting of shoots. The symptoms of PVM on potato vary from latency to severe and are similar to those caused by some other potato-i...
Introduction: Among legume crops, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most importan... more Introduction: Among legume crops, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important worldwide crops, because of its cultivation area and nutritional value. The closely related potyviruses Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) are the most common and most destructive viruses that infect common beans throughout the world. The viruses induced similar symptoms in numerous bean genotypes, including mosaic, leaf distortion, stunting, and lethal necrosis. Like all potyviruses, BCMV and BCMNV have non-enveloped flexuous filamentous virions of 750 nm long and 11–13 nm wide, which encapsidate a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecule of approximately 10,000 nt long. Both are naturally transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner and by seed, which explains their worldwide distribution. These viruses are major constraints on bean production and can cause serious crop losses. Mazanadaran province in north of Iran is one of the majo...
Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BMMV) are two closely related by... more Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BMMV) are two closely related bymoviruses causing significant yield losses to barley in Europe and East Asia. In the present study we detected both viruses and Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) by DAS-ELISA from field samples collected in Iranian provinces. Moreover, we obtained and sequenced a 971 bp long fragment that included the coat protein coding region of eight Iranian isolates of BaYMV. Phylogenetic analysis of BaYMV coat protein nucleotide sequences previously published shows a separation of Asian and European isolates into two main groups. Surprisingly, Iranian isolates formed a minor cluster within the European group. Alignment of coat protein amino acid sequences confirmed that Iranian BaYMV isolates were more similar to European than to Asian isolates. Further studies are necessary to characterize the molecular and, in particular, the biological properties of Iranian BaYMV isolates in order to evaluate...
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) was detected in 288 of the 392 samples collected in Iran.... more Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) was detected in 288 of the 392 samples collected in Iran. A-type BNYVV was detected most frequently. The p25 coding region on BNYVV RNA-3 was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Nine different variants of the highly variable amino acid tetrad at positions 67-70 of p25 were identified, i.e. ACHG, AHHG, AYHG, ALHG, AFHR, AFHG, AHYG, VLHG and VHHG. These are more different tetrad variants than have been reported from any other country. The first three variants were found most commonly. In 23 out of the 288 BNYVV-positive samples, we detected P-type BNYVV that had previously been identified only in France, Kazakhstan and recently in the UK. Surprisingly, none of these samples contained the fifth RNA species usually associated with P-type BNYVV in other countries. As in other BNYVV P-type sources, the p25 amino acid tetrad in positions 67-70 of the Iranian P-type consists of SYHG.
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