Pregnancy in out-of-breeding season in ewes increases the economical goals. Synchronization of es... more Pregnancy in out-of-breeding season in ewes increases the economical goals. Synchronization of estrus and ovulation is essential for above program. The aims of this study using implant norgestomet with or without Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) were to evaluate the serum progesterone (P4) concentration changes: the conception rate and estimation of the lambing rate and litter size. In total, 80 non-cycling multiparous Iranian Kurdish breed fat-tailed ewes with <0/5 ng/ml P4 were used in April and May 2008 in the suburb of Mashhad, Iran. The animals were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (n=30) without hormonal treatment, another group (n=25) received 3 mg of norges-tomet implant placed subcutaneously in the convex surface of the ear for 9 days, and the third group (n=25) treated with 3 mg of norgestomet implant for 9 days with an IM injection of 500 IU PMSG at implant removal. The progesterone of treatment and control groups were mea-sured on days 4, 9, ...
The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of conventional and extended intra... more The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of conventional and extended intramammary (IMM) therapy of persistent subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattle using nafcillin-penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin combination (NPD). Sixty-five dairy cows with 126 infected quarters were enrolled in the study. Infected cows were allocated randomly to 1 of 3 different treatment regimens: (1) conventional group: NPD administered IMM 3 times at 24-h intervals (20 infected cows, 43 intramammary infections [IMI]), (2) extended group: NPD administered IMM 6 times at 24-h intervals (23 cows, 43 IMI), and (3) untreated control group (22 cows, 40 IMI). The overall bacteriological cure (BC) rates for subclinical IMI were 86.04%, 100%, and 20% for the conventional, extended and the control groups, respectively; indicating a higher BC rate (P<0.0001) for the treated groups than the control group. Significant difference (P=0.029) concerning the BC rate was also observed between the...
The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between the ... more The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between the in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity test results of subclinical mastitis pathogens and bacteriological cure following intramammary treatment using a combination of nafcillin, penicillin, and streptomycin (NPS). Eighty-six intramammary pathogens from 43 cows were examined in this study. Most intramammary infections were due to coagulase-negative staphylococci, coliforms, and environmental streptococci. The antibiotic sensitivity to NPS was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteriological cure rates for sensitive, intermediate, and resistant isolates in the standard treatment group (3 intramammary infusions of NPS once daily) were 84.4, 88.9, and 100%, respectively. These figures in the extended treatment group (6 intramammary infusions of NPS once daily) were 100% for the 3 categories. Bacteriological cure was not associated with the sensitivity test result. Based on...
The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between the ... more The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between the antimicrobial susceptibility test results of subclinical mastitis pathogens and bacteriological outcomes of intramammary treatments using cefquinome. A total of 110 intramammary pathogens from 51 cows were assessed in this study. Most intramammary infections were due to coagulase-negative staphylococci, environmental streptococci, and coliforms. The antimicrobial susceptibility to cefquinome was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteriological cure rates for the sensitive, intermediate, and resistant isolates in the standard treatment group (three intramammary infusions of 75 mg cefquinome at 16 h intervals) were 82.4%, 90%, and 87.5%, respectively. These figures in the extended treatment group (six intramammary infusions of 75 mg cefquinome at 16 h intervals) were 83.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Treatment outcomes were not associated with the results of sensi...
Despite the known effects of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on production and health of dairy ... more Despite the known effects of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on production and health of dairy cows, its effects on reproductive performance have not been studied. Our objective was to investigate effects of SARA on conception rate of Holstein heifers. One hundred and ten heifers were synchronized for artificial insemination by two injections of PGF2α in a13-day interval and assigned randomly to two treatments. One group served as control and received a diet containing 32% of a barley-based concentrate on DM basis, while the other group challenged with a diet containing 68% concentrate (SARA) for ad libitum intake. Feeding the challenge diet started three days after the 2nd PGF2α injection and continued for seven days. Forty one heifers from the SARA group and 39 heifers from the control group showed eligible heats and were inseminated. The DM intake was higher in SARA group (10.41 vs. 9.04 kg, P < 0.01). SARA induction significantly lowered ruminal (6.02 vs. 6.45), and fecal (...
Populus trichocarpa is an ecologically important tree across western North America. We used a lar... more Populus trichocarpa is an ecologically important tree across western North America. We used a large population sample of 498 accessions over a wide geographical area genotyped with a 34K Populus SNP array to quantify geographical patterns of genetic variation in this species (landscape genomics). We present evidence that three processes contribute to the observed patterns: (1) introgression from the sister species P. balsamifera, (2) isolation by distance (IBD), and (3) natural selection. Introgression was detected only at the margins of the species&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; distribution. IBD was significant across the sampled area as a whole, but no evidence of restricted gene flow was detected in a core of drainages from southern British Columbia (BC). We identified a large number of FST outliers. Gene Ontology analyses revealed that FST outliers are overrepresented in genes involved in circadian rhythm and response to red/far-red light when the entire dataset is considered, whereas in southern BC heat response genes are overrepresented. We also identified strong correlations between geoclimate variables and allele frequencies at FST outlier loci that provide clues regarding the selective pressures acting at these loci.
Pregnancy in out-of-breeding season in ewes increases the economical goals. Synchronization of es... more Pregnancy in out-of-breeding season in ewes increases the economical goals. Synchronization of estrus and ovulation is essential for above program. The aims of this study using implant norgestomet with or without Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) were to evaluate the serum progesterone (P4) concentration changes: the conception rate and estimation of the lambing rate and litter size. In total, 80 non-cycling multiparous Iranian Kurdish breed fat-tailed ewes with <0/5 ng/ml P4 were used in April and May 2008 in the suburb of Mashhad, Iran. The animals were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (n=30) without hormonal treatment, another group (n=25) received 3 mg of norges-tomet implant placed subcutaneously in the convex surface of the ear for 9 days, and the third group (n=25) treated with 3 mg of norgestomet implant for 9 days with an IM injection of 500 IU PMSG at implant removal. The progesterone of treatment and control groups were mea-sured on days 4, 9, ...
The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of conventional and extended intra... more The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of conventional and extended intramammary (IMM) therapy of persistent subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattle using nafcillin-penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin combination (NPD). Sixty-five dairy cows with 126 infected quarters were enrolled in the study. Infected cows were allocated randomly to 1 of 3 different treatment regimens: (1) conventional group: NPD administered IMM 3 times at 24-h intervals (20 infected cows, 43 intramammary infections [IMI]), (2) extended group: NPD administered IMM 6 times at 24-h intervals (23 cows, 43 IMI), and (3) untreated control group (22 cows, 40 IMI). The overall bacteriological cure (BC) rates for subclinical IMI were 86.04%, 100%, and 20% for the conventional, extended and the control groups, respectively; indicating a higher BC rate (P<0.0001) for the treated groups than the control group. Significant difference (P=0.029) concerning the BC rate was also observed between the...
The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between the ... more The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between the in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity test results of subclinical mastitis pathogens and bacteriological cure following intramammary treatment using a combination of nafcillin, penicillin, and streptomycin (NPS). Eighty-six intramammary pathogens from 43 cows were examined in this study. Most intramammary infections were due to coagulase-negative staphylococci, coliforms, and environmental streptococci. The antibiotic sensitivity to NPS was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteriological cure rates for sensitive, intermediate, and resistant isolates in the standard treatment group (3 intramammary infusions of NPS once daily) were 84.4, 88.9, and 100%, respectively. These figures in the extended treatment group (6 intramammary infusions of NPS once daily) were 100% for the 3 categories. Bacteriological cure was not associated with the sensitivity test result. Based on...
The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between the ... more The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between the antimicrobial susceptibility test results of subclinical mastitis pathogens and bacteriological outcomes of intramammary treatments using cefquinome. A total of 110 intramammary pathogens from 51 cows were assessed in this study. Most intramammary infections were due to coagulase-negative staphylococci, environmental streptococci, and coliforms. The antimicrobial susceptibility to cefquinome was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Bacteriological cure rates for the sensitive, intermediate, and resistant isolates in the standard treatment group (three intramammary infusions of 75 mg cefquinome at 16 h intervals) were 82.4%, 90%, and 87.5%, respectively. These figures in the extended treatment group (six intramammary infusions of 75 mg cefquinome at 16 h intervals) were 83.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Treatment outcomes were not associated with the results of sensi...
Despite the known effects of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on production and health of dairy ... more Despite the known effects of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on production and health of dairy cows, its effects on reproductive performance have not been studied. Our objective was to investigate effects of SARA on conception rate of Holstein heifers. One hundred and ten heifers were synchronized for artificial insemination by two injections of PGF2α in a13-day interval and assigned randomly to two treatments. One group served as control and received a diet containing 32% of a barley-based concentrate on DM basis, while the other group challenged with a diet containing 68% concentrate (SARA) for ad libitum intake. Feeding the challenge diet started three days after the 2nd PGF2α injection and continued for seven days. Forty one heifers from the SARA group and 39 heifers from the control group showed eligible heats and were inseminated. The DM intake was higher in SARA group (10.41 vs. 9.04 kg, P < 0.01). SARA induction significantly lowered ruminal (6.02 vs. 6.45), and fecal (...
Populus trichocarpa is an ecologically important tree across western North America. We used a lar... more Populus trichocarpa is an ecologically important tree across western North America. We used a large population sample of 498 accessions over a wide geographical area genotyped with a 34K Populus SNP array to quantify geographical patterns of genetic variation in this species (landscape genomics). We present evidence that three processes contribute to the observed patterns: (1) introgression from the sister species P. balsamifera, (2) isolation by distance (IBD), and (3) natural selection. Introgression was detected only at the margins of the species&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; distribution. IBD was significant across the sampled area as a whole, but no evidence of restricted gene flow was detected in a core of drainages from southern British Columbia (BC). We identified a large number of FST outliers. Gene Ontology analyses revealed that FST outliers are overrepresented in genes involved in circadian rhythm and response to red/far-red light when the entire dataset is considered, whereas in southern BC heat response genes are overrepresented. We also identified strong correlations between geoclimate variables and allele frequencies at FST outlier loci that provide clues regarding the selective pressures acting at these loci.
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