I’m a geologist specialised for sedimentology, volcanology, petrology, geoheritage studies and geoeducation. I have worked in various monogenetic volcanic fields across the globe. Phone: +64274791484 Address: Massey University Manawatu Campus School of Agriculture and Environment, Volcanic Risk Solutions Tennent Drive, Palmerston North New Zealand
During Earth’s history, geosphere-biosphere interactions were often determined by momentary, cata... more During Earth’s history, geosphere-biosphere interactions were often determined by momentary, catastrophic changes such as large explosive volcanic eruptions. The Miocene ignimbrite flare-up in the Pannonian Basin, which is located along a complex convergent plate boundary between Europe and Africa, provides a superb example of this interaction. In North Hungary, the famous Ipolytarnóc Fossil Site, often referred to as “ancient Pompeii”, records a snapshot of rich Early Miocene life buried under thick ignimbrite cover. Here, we use a multi-technique approach to constrain the successive phases of a catastrophic silicic eruption (VEI ≥ 7) dated at 17.2 Ma. An event-scale reconstruction shows that the initial PDC phase was phreatomagmatic, affecting ≥ 1500 km2 and causing the destruction of an interfingering terrestrial–intertidal environment at Ipolytarnóc. This was followed by pumice fall, and finally the emplacement of up to 40 m-thick ignimbrite that completely buried the site. Howe...
Terra Nova, 23, 70–75, 2011Continuous pyroclastic successions from monogenetic volcanoes in the J... more Terra Nova, 23, 70–75, 2011Continuous pyroclastic successions from monogenetic volcanoes in the Jeju Island Volcanic Field (Korea) were targeted for detailed geochemical investigations of juvenile ejecta to show that multiple distinct magma pulses may be erupted during a single monogenetic eruption. Deeply derived, and possibly multiply sourced, evolving magma pulses may erupt sequentially from the same vent and form generally uninterrupted depositional sequences with continuous chemical trends. Alternatively, pulses can rise independently, resulting in breccia horizons and truncation surfaces in depositional sequences and in stepped and mixed chemical trends. We infer that uninterrupted eruptions result from clear plumbing systems in which a single large dyke system feeds an eruption and where differently sourced magmas are erupted independently. Congested plumbing systems consisting of dyke complexes give rise to vent shifts, asymmetrical eruptive centres and composite depositional sequences. Integration of chemical variation and eruptive dynamics provides a powerful means of understanding monogenetic volcanoes.
Geological Society of America Bulletin, Sep 19, 2011
... was used to understand how the break in erup-tive activity and vent migration may have been r... more ... was used to understand how the break in erup-tive activity and vent migration may have been related to changes in magma composition and possible transitions between separate pulses of alkali basaltic magma, as has been postulated for other Jeju volcanoes (Brenna et al ...
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Mar 1, 2021
Abstract Motuoapa Peninsula, located in the southeast of the Taupo Volcanic Centre, New Zealand, ... more Abstract Motuoapa Peninsula, located in the southeast of the Taupo Volcanic Centre, New Zealand, is dominated by a silicic pyroclastic cone and overlaying lavas. The pyroclastic succession has not been recognised and studied before, and its thickness and sedimentological characteristics indicate completely different eruption mechanisms than proposed for the other pyroclastic successions within the central Taupo Volcanic Zone. Here, we present the results of field mapping and sedimentological characterisation of accessible pyroclastic deposits, and complement these data with combined U-Th and (U-Th)/He zircon geochronology providing first constraints on the succession's crystallization and eruption history. (U-Th)/He zircon eruption ages of 77.2 ± 6.3, 81.3 ± 9.2 and 34.5 ± 3.1 ka indicate that volcanic activity in the Motuoapa Peninsula occurred in two distinct eruptive episodes that were separated by ca. 45 kyrs. The earlier rhyolitic eruption at ca. 80 ka is inferred to have commenced in a shallow subaqueous environment. Its lowermost succession includes breccias and tuff breccias sourced from an extruding lava dome by autobrecciation, quench-fragmentation and localised debris flows. With gradual emergence of the growing volcanic pile, explosive hydrovolcanic activity became dominant, constructing an emergent cone by pyroclastic density currents and fall-out. The lack of exotic/accidental clasts, along with an abundance of low-vesicularity rhyolitic juvenile fragments, suggests fragmentation driven by magma-water interaction, which predominantly occurred at shallow depths within the outgassed part of the ascending magma. The frequency and thickness of ash-dominated units increases upwards, suggesting a gradual increase in explosive energy of tephra jets. The final phase of the rhyolitic activity was dominated by emplacement of viscous lava that breached the crater rim and flowed onto the SE sector of the pyroclastic cone. The remnant of the Motuoapa pyroclastic cone, along with the bedded structure of deposits that comprise fallout and surge-dominated units, appears very similar to Surtseyan tuff cones and silicic tuff/pumice cones described elsewhere. A dacitic eruption that produced a nearby lava dome at ca. 35 ka, represents a significantly younger event that occurred after substantial erosion of the earlier pyroclastic cone. The Motuoapa Peninsula deposits most likely record the evolution of a subaqueous silicic eruption, where hydrovolcanism played a fundamental role on subaerial pyroclastic cone formation in a terrestrial environment with abundant surface water availability. The similarities between the environment of the Taupo area today and the area during the Motuoapa activity at ca. 80 ka may provide an analogue model for future subaqueous eruptions in the region.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Nov 1, 2016
Abstract The Ohakune Volcanic Complex is a late Pleistocene tuff ring – scoria/spatter cone compl... more Abstract The Ohakune Volcanic Complex is a late Pleistocene tuff ring – scoria/spatter cone complex located south of Ruapehu volcano. This small-volume volcano consists of an outer E-W elongated compound tuff ring edifice, three inner scoria-spatter cones and further volcanic depressions, located on the Ohakune Fault. We quantified accurately the variations of the eruptive styles and processes through time by systematic sampling of key stratigraphic marker beds at proximal and distal locations, and the determination of grain size distribution, componentry, density and vesicularity. Using a Digital Terrain Model coupled with stratigraphic data, we also determined the spatial distribution and volume of each identified unit and individual edifices within the Ohakune Volcanic Complex. Activity began with a shallow phreatomagmatic phase characterized by an almost continuous generation of a low eruptive column, accompanied by wet pyroclastic density currents, together with the ejection of juvenile fragments and accidental lithics from the surrounding country rocks. Subsequent activity was dominated by a variety of Strombolian eruptions exhibiting differing intensities that were at times disrupted by phreatic blasts or phreatomagmatic explosions due to the interaction with external water and/or sudden changes in magma discharge rate. At least three major vent-shifting events occurred during the eruption, which is demonstrated by the truncation of the initial tuff ring and the infilling of the truncated area by several coarse grained surge units. Our study indicates that approx. 12 × 10 6 m 3 DRE magma erupted within maximum 2.5 to 5 months through multiple vents. The erupted magma ascended from a depth of 16–18 km, and reached the surface within approximately 50 h. Alternating eruption styles, frequent vent-shifting and a variety of emplacement mechanisms inferred from the deposits of the Ohakune Volcanic Complex demonstrate the unpredictable nature of small-volume volcanism, contributing to our understanding of hazards attributed to this type of activity. Future small-volume eruptions within the Taupo Volcanic Zone may be of similar nature.
Volcanoes have strongly attracted human settlement because of the excellent soils and water suppl... more Volcanoes have strongly attracted human settlement because of the excellent soils and water supplies surrounding them. These benefits sometimes came at a high price for communities, as shown by the famous destruction of the cities of St Pierre or Pompeii by sudden volcanic outbursts. Mostly however, volcanic impacts were a brief passing threat, or, of low intensity. Hence, an unsteady human–volcano equilibrium has developed in most parts of the world. This enduring relationship means there is commonly a link between volcano science and archaeology. Unfortunately archaeologists and volcano scientists tend to approach both sides of the relationship independently. The results of this are often polarized perspectives; either the cause-and-effect relationship between volcanism and cultural change is overplayed, or, the effects of volcanism on cultural development and adaptation is ignored. Case studies demonstrating the benefits of considering interplay between volcanism, anthropology and archaeology are described from the Southwest Pacific, a unique ocean-dominated area that has only been targeted by systematic archaeological research for the last 150 years. From this it is argued that a holistic approach to archaeological research in the SW Pacific and other volcanic areas of the world is required to explore not only disaster events, but also the potentially subtle impacts and adaptations that volcanoes generate in their surrounding communities.
<p>The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is dominated by felsic volcanism with more... more <p>The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is dominated by felsic volcanism with more than 95% of the total volume corresponding to rhyolitic magmas. To generate felsic and intermediate volcanism, assimilation and fractional crystallisation (AFC) of primary basalt has previously been invoked as a necessary means to generate the chemical and isotopic characteristics of these magmas; is it energetically possible that dominantly felsic volcanism is generated by AFC of a mafic magma in the TVZ? Here, we present a suite of samples representative of the entire TVZ with respect to geography, age, and compositional variation from mafic to felsic. Major oxides, trace elements and Sr isotopic ratios were modelled for AFC using the energy and mass constrained Magma Chamber Simulator (MCS) and the local Torlesse terrain as an assimilant. We find that regardless of the intensive parameters employed, an energy and mass constrained model cannot realistically reproduce the combined major oxide, trace element, and isotopic systematics of the sample set. At New Zealand’s active margin, subduction erosion has been previously reported based on geophysical data. However, no links of this process to TVZ magmatism has been established to date. New high precision lead isotopic ratios show a tight linear trend that cannot be reproduced by AFC with a Torlesse component but can be approximated through a binary mixture of Torlesse subterrains, representative of eroded forearc crust, with global subducting sediments (GLOSS-II) on one hand, and a primitive basalt, representative of the subarc mantle, on the other. We therefore propose that the compositional variations in TVZ volcanic products and the genesis of voluminous rhyolites are primarily linked to melting of subduction melange diapirs as the source of this magmatism, with differentiation processes within the overriding crust being subordinate.</p>
Detailed stratigraphic samples of the Udo Tuff Cone and lava shield offshore of Jeju Island, Sout... more Detailed stratigraphic samples of the Udo Tuff Cone and lava shield offshore of Jeju Island, South Korea provide insight into the evolutionary processes that affected the composition of the basaltic magma batches that fed the eruption. These are compared and contrasted with the model proposed by Smith et al. (2008, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 155, 511-527) for the magmatic evolution of the Crater Hill monogenetic centre in the Auckland Volcanic Field. The eruption started in both cases with the most evolved alkalic magma, having lowest concentrations of MgO and highest of incompatible trace elements. The erupted magma became more primitive as the eruptions proceeded. However, at Crater Hill the eruption terminated with extrusion of the most primitive magma, whereas at Udo the last magma to erupt had shifted back to an intermediate composition. At Crater Hill, the chemical compositions show a single uninterrupted spectrum, but at Udo the eruption sequence can be subdivided into lower and upper tuff stages separated by a small MgO gap from c. 8.0 to c. 9.0 wt%. Furthermore, at Udo, a second tholeiitic magma batch forming the lava shield erupted shortly after the alkalic tuff cone, with no evidence of weathering or reworked material at their contact. Fractionation processes for the Udo tuff can be modelled similarly to those of Crater Hill. A primary magma generated in garnet peridotite at c. 2.5 to 3 GPa underwent mainly clinopyroxene ± spinel fractionation at c. 1.5 GPa. Slightly enriched LREEs in the Udo magma (compared to the Crater Hill) suggest that crystal fractionation possibly occurred in the presence of residual amphibole in the upper mantle. The tholeiitic magma at Udo was generated in a chemically different source with residual garnet at c. 1.5 to 2.5 GPa and evolved through olivine fractionation at a shallower level compared to the alkalic magma and without residual amphibole. The Crater Hill model can be adapted to Udo by assuming the two stages of Udo were separated by a short eruptive break. The magma batch was fractionating at depth immediately before eruption of the first stage of the Udo tuff cone. A short break was followed by eruption of the rest of the magma batch with a more primitive composition. The end of the tuff eruption probably involved more fractionated material that had been left behind near the conduit walls and was only squeezed during closure of the lower magma feeding system. The separate tholeiitic magma batch subsequently erupted through the same conduit.
During Earth’s history, geosphere-biosphere interactions were often determined by momentary, cata... more During Earth’s history, geosphere-biosphere interactions were often determined by momentary, catastrophic changes such as large explosive volcanic eruptions. The Miocene ignimbrite flare-up in the Pannonian Basin, which is located along a complex convergent plate boundary between Europe and Africa, provides a superb example of this interaction. In North Hungary, the famous Ipolytarnóc Fossil Site, often referred to as “ancient Pompeii”, records a snapshot of rich Early Miocene life buried under thick ignimbrite cover. Here, we use a multi-technique approach to constrain the successive phases of a catastrophic silicic eruption (VEI ≥ 7) dated at 17.2 Ma. An event-scale reconstruction shows that the initial PDC phase was phreatomagmatic, affecting ≥ 1500 km2 and causing the destruction of an interfingering terrestrial–intertidal environment at Ipolytarnóc. This was followed by pumice fall, and finally the emplacement of up to 40 m-thick ignimbrite that completely buried the site. Howe...
Terra Nova, 23, 70–75, 2011Continuous pyroclastic successions from monogenetic volcanoes in the J... more Terra Nova, 23, 70–75, 2011Continuous pyroclastic successions from monogenetic volcanoes in the Jeju Island Volcanic Field (Korea) were targeted for detailed geochemical investigations of juvenile ejecta to show that multiple distinct magma pulses may be erupted during a single monogenetic eruption. Deeply derived, and possibly multiply sourced, evolving magma pulses may erupt sequentially from the same vent and form generally uninterrupted depositional sequences with continuous chemical trends. Alternatively, pulses can rise independently, resulting in breccia horizons and truncation surfaces in depositional sequences and in stepped and mixed chemical trends. We infer that uninterrupted eruptions result from clear plumbing systems in which a single large dyke system feeds an eruption and where differently sourced magmas are erupted independently. Congested plumbing systems consisting of dyke complexes give rise to vent shifts, asymmetrical eruptive centres and composite depositional sequences. Integration of chemical variation and eruptive dynamics provides a powerful means of understanding monogenetic volcanoes.
Geological Society of America Bulletin, Sep 19, 2011
... was used to understand how the break in erup-tive activity and vent migration may have been r... more ... was used to understand how the break in erup-tive activity and vent migration may have been related to changes in magma composition and possible transitions between separate pulses of alkali basaltic magma, as has been postulated for other Jeju volcanoes (Brenna et al ...
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Mar 1, 2021
Abstract Motuoapa Peninsula, located in the southeast of the Taupo Volcanic Centre, New Zealand, ... more Abstract Motuoapa Peninsula, located in the southeast of the Taupo Volcanic Centre, New Zealand, is dominated by a silicic pyroclastic cone and overlaying lavas. The pyroclastic succession has not been recognised and studied before, and its thickness and sedimentological characteristics indicate completely different eruption mechanisms than proposed for the other pyroclastic successions within the central Taupo Volcanic Zone. Here, we present the results of field mapping and sedimentological characterisation of accessible pyroclastic deposits, and complement these data with combined U-Th and (U-Th)/He zircon geochronology providing first constraints on the succession's crystallization and eruption history. (U-Th)/He zircon eruption ages of 77.2 ± 6.3, 81.3 ± 9.2 and 34.5 ± 3.1 ka indicate that volcanic activity in the Motuoapa Peninsula occurred in two distinct eruptive episodes that were separated by ca. 45 kyrs. The earlier rhyolitic eruption at ca. 80 ka is inferred to have commenced in a shallow subaqueous environment. Its lowermost succession includes breccias and tuff breccias sourced from an extruding lava dome by autobrecciation, quench-fragmentation and localised debris flows. With gradual emergence of the growing volcanic pile, explosive hydrovolcanic activity became dominant, constructing an emergent cone by pyroclastic density currents and fall-out. The lack of exotic/accidental clasts, along with an abundance of low-vesicularity rhyolitic juvenile fragments, suggests fragmentation driven by magma-water interaction, which predominantly occurred at shallow depths within the outgassed part of the ascending magma. The frequency and thickness of ash-dominated units increases upwards, suggesting a gradual increase in explosive energy of tephra jets. The final phase of the rhyolitic activity was dominated by emplacement of viscous lava that breached the crater rim and flowed onto the SE sector of the pyroclastic cone. The remnant of the Motuoapa pyroclastic cone, along with the bedded structure of deposits that comprise fallout and surge-dominated units, appears very similar to Surtseyan tuff cones and silicic tuff/pumice cones described elsewhere. A dacitic eruption that produced a nearby lava dome at ca. 35 ka, represents a significantly younger event that occurred after substantial erosion of the earlier pyroclastic cone. The Motuoapa Peninsula deposits most likely record the evolution of a subaqueous silicic eruption, where hydrovolcanism played a fundamental role on subaerial pyroclastic cone formation in a terrestrial environment with abundant surface water availability. The similarities between the environment of the Taupo area today and the area during the Motuoapa activity at ca. 80 ka may provide an analogue model for future subaqueous eruptions in the region.
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Nov 1, 2016
Abstract The Ohakune Volcanic Complex is a late Pleistocene tuff ring – scoria/spatter cone compl... more Abstract The Ohakune Volcanic Complex is a late Pleistocene tuff ring – scoria/spatter cone complex located south of Ruapehu volcano. This small-volume volcano consists of an outer E-W elongated compound tuff ring edifice, three inner scoria-spatter cones and further volcanic depressions, located on the Ohakune Fault. We quantified accurately the variations of the eruptive styles and processes through time by systematic sampling of key stratigraphic marker beds at proximal and distal locations, and the determination of grain size distribution, componentry, density and vesicularity. Using a Digital Terrain Model coupled with stratigraphic data, we also determined the spatial distribution and volume of each identified unit and individual edifices within the Ohakune Volcanic Complex. Activity began with a shallow phreatomagmatic phase characterized by an almost continuous generation of a low eruptive column, accompanied by wet pyroclastic density currents, together with the ejection of juvenile fragments and accidental lithics from the surrounding country rocks. Subsequent activity was dominated by a variety of Strombolian eruptions exhibiting differing intensities that were at times disrupted by phreatic blasts or phreatomagmatic explosions due to the interaction with external water and/or sudden changes in magma discharge rate. At least three major vent-shifting events occurred during the eruption, which is demonstrated by the truncation of the initial tuff ring and the infilling of the truncated area by several coarse grained surge units. Our study indicates that approx. 12 × 10 6 m 3 DRE magma erupted within maximum 2.5 to 5 months through multiple vents. The erupted magma ascended from a depth of 16–18 km, and reached the surface within approximately 50 h. Alternating eruption styles, frequent vent-shifting and a variety of emplacement mechanisms inferred from the deposits of the Ohakune Volcanic Complex demonstrate the unpredictable nature of small-volume volcanism, contributing to our understanding of hazards attributed to this type of activity. Future small-volume eruptions within the Taupo Volcanic Zone may be of similar nature.
Volcanoes have strongly attracted human settlement because of the excellent soils and water suppl... more Volcanoes have strongly attracted human settlement because of the excellent soils and water supplies surrounding them. These benefits sometimes came at a high price for communities, as shown by the famous destruction of the cities of St Pierre or Pompeii by sudden volcanic outbursts. Mostly however, volcanic impacts were a brief passing threat, or, of low intensity. Hence, an unsteady human–volcano equilibrium has developed in most parts of the world. This enduring relationship means there is commonly a link between volcano science and archaeology. Unfortunately archaeologists and volcano scientists tend to approach both sides of the relationship independently. The results of this are often polarized perspectives; either the cause-and-effect relationship between volcanism and cultural change is overplayed, or, the effects of volcanism on cultural development and adaptation is ignored. Case studies demonstrating the benefits of considering interplay between volcanism, anthropology and archaeology are described from the Southwest Pacific, a unique ocean-dominated area that has only been targeted by systematic archaeological research for the last 150 years. From this it is argued that a holistic approach to archaeological research in the SW Pacific and other volcanic areas of the world is required to explore not only disaster events, but also the potentially subtle impacts and adaptations that volcanoes generate in their surrounding communities.
<p>The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is dominated by felsic volcanism with more... more <p>The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is dominated by felsic volcanism with more than 95% of the total volume corresponding to rhyolitic magmas. To generate felsic and intermediate volcanism, assimilation and fractional crystallisation (AFC) of primary basalt has previously been invoked as a necessary means to generate the chemical and isotopic characteristics of these magmas; is it energetically possible that dominantly felsic volcanism is generated by AFC of a mafic magma in the TVZ? Here, we present a suite of samples representative of the entire TVZ with respect to geography, age, and compositional variation from mafic to felsic. Major oxides, trace elements and Sr isotopic ratios were modelled for AFC using the energy and mass constrained Magma Chamber Simulator (MCS) and the local Torlesse terrain as an assimilant. We find that regardless of the intensive parameters employed, an energy and mass constrained model cannot realistically reproduce the combined major oxide, trace element, and isotopic systematics of the sample set. At New Zealand’s active margin, subduction erosion has been previously reported based on geophysical data. However, no links of this process to TVZ magmatism has been established to date. New high precision lead isotopic ratios show a tight linear trend that cannot be reproduced by AFC with a Torlesse component but can be approximated through a binary mixture of Torlesse subterrains, representative of eroded forearc crust, with global subducting sediments (GLOSS-II) on one hand, and a primitive basalt, representative of the subarc mantle, on the other. We therefore propose that the compositional variations in TVZ volcanic products and the genesis of voluminous rhyolites are primarily linked to melting of subduction melange diapirs as the source of this magmatism, with differentiation processes within the overriding crust being subordinate.</p>
Detailed stratigraphic samples of the Udo Tuff Cone and lava shield offshore of Jeju Island, Sout... more Detailed stratigraphic samples of the Udo Tuff Cone and lava shield offshore of Jeju Island, South Korea provide insight into the evolutionary processes that affected the composition of the basaltic magma batches that fed the eruption. These are compared and contrasted with the model proposed by Smith et al. (2008, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 155, 511-527) for the magmatic evolution of the Crater Hill monogenetic centre in the Auckland Volcanic Field. The eruption started in both cases with the most evolved alkalic magma, having lowest concentrations of MgO and highest of incompatible trace elements. The erupted magma became more primitive as the eruptions proceeded. However, at Crater Hill the eruption terminated with extrusion of the most primitive magma, whereas at Udo the last magma to erupt had shifted back to an intermediate composition. At Crater Hill, the chemical compositions show a single uninterrupted spectrum, but at Udo the eruption sequence can be subdivided into lower and upper tuff stages separated by a small MgO gap from c. 8.0 to c. 9.0 wt%. Furthermore, at Udo, a second tholeiitic magma batch forming the lava shield erupted shortly after the alkalic tuff cone, with no evidence of weathering or reworked material at their contact. Fractionation processes for the Udo tuff can be modelled similarly to those of Crater Hill. A primary magma generated in garnet peridotite at c. 2.5 to 3 GPa underwent mainly clinopyroxene ± spinel fractionation at c. 1.5 GPa. Slightly enriched LREEs in the Udo magma (compared to the Crater Hill) suggest that crystal fractionation possibly occurred in the presence of residual amphibole in the upper mantle. The tholeiitic magma at Udo was generated in a chemically different source with residual garnet at c. 1.5 to 2.5 GPa and evolved through olivine fractionation at a shallower level compared to the alkalic magma and without residual amphibole. The Crater Hill model can be adapted to Udo by assuming the two stages of Udo were separated by a short eruptive break. The magma batch was fractionating at depth immediately before eruption of the first stage of the Udo tuff cone. A short break was followed by eruption of the rest of the magma batch with a more primitive composition. The end of the tuff eruption probably involved more fractionated material that had been left behind near the conduit walls and was only squeezed during closure of the lower magma feeding system. The separate tholeiitic magma batch subsequently erupted through the same conduit.
ABSTRACT Conference title - Second international maar conference, Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2... more ABSTRACT Conference title - Second international maar conference, Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data supplied by Hungarian Geological Library, Budapest, Hungary, Date revised - 2009-01-01, Language of summary - English, Pages - 59, ProQuest ID - 50556381, SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - boron; chemical composition; diatremes; igneous rocks; intrusions; maars; volcanic features; volcanic rocks, SuppNotes - Pieces: 107., Last updated - 2012-06-07, CODEN - #05177, docISBN - 9636712409, Corporate institution author - Gmeling, Katalin; Nemeth, Karoly; Martin, Ulrike; Eby, N, DOI - 2009-000424; 9636712409; #05177
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