Ani Avetisyan
Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts Matenadaran, Departmant of Oriental Studies, Studing of Ottoman Turkish manuscripts, Researcher, Turkologist, Codicologist
Ani J. Avetisyan graduated from the Faculty of Oriental Studies of Yerevan State University, Armenia (YSU), where she specialised in Turkic Studies during her Bachelor’s and Master's degrees. Just now she is a PhD candidate.
Ani is currently working at the Matenadaran – Research Institute of Ancient Manuscripts after Mesrop Mashtots as a Researcher, Turkologist-codicologist and cataloguer of the Ottoman Turkish manuscripts (March 2008-present).
She is a lecturer of Turkish Literature and Ottoman Turkish Language at Institute of Oriental Studies at Russian-Armenian University (September 2022- present).
She is a member of professional associations: The Islamic Manuscript Association, Cambridge (Since 2010) and ICOM (Since 2020), The Association for the Study of Persianate Societies (ASPS) (since 2023), Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association (since 2023), WOSCU (since 2023).
She is the author of 19 articles, co-author of the book titled "Armenian Dioceses of Adana", Volume I, (in Armenian).
She presented more than 10 papers at Local and Intenational Conferences.
The sphere of her scientific interests includes the study of Ottoman Turkish manuscripts, documental sources, bilingual and trilingual Ottoman Turkish and Armeno-Turkish manuscript dictionaries, the Ottoman Turkish medical manuscript works, Chagatay, Turkish, Armeno-Turkish literature, also studying of Armeno-Turkish manuscripts and documental sources.
She created the database of Ottoman Turkish Manuscripts of the Matenadaran (in total 400 MSS).
At present she is compiling the first catalogue of the Ottoman Turkish, Chagatay manuscripts of the Matenadaran collection.
The topic of his PhD thesis is "The thematical features of Orhan Pamuk's works".
The professional trainings which she participated:
• Ottoman Turkish Language Course, held by Professor Yucel Demirel (Istanbul, Turkey, September-October, 2004).
• TIMA "Codicology Five Day Course" held by Professor Jan Just Witkam (18-22 June 2013, Matenadaran, Yerevan).
• "Ottoman Turkish Language Course" organized by "Mashtots" Armenian Culture Preservation and Development Foundation: Teaching and Research of Ancient Languages". Held by Professors: Ms. Hatice Aynur - Professor and Chair of the Department of Turkish Language and Literature at Istanbul Şehir University; Mr. Ali Emre Özyıldırım - Assistant Professor of Ottoman Turkish literature at Yıldız Technical University, Turkish Language and Literature Department; Koç University ANAMED; Mr. Engin Kılıç - Sabancı University, School of Languages, Turkish Language and Literature (Experimental stage: 31 May-1 June 2017, Upcoming: Five Month Course, from September 2017).
• "Ottoman Turkish Intermediate Course", Instructor Engin Kılıç (Hrant Dink Foundation, organized between March 4-June 17, 2021).
Her native is Armenian. She is fluent in English, Russian and Turkish.
Phone: +37441027107
Ani is currently working at the Matenadaran – Research Institute of Ancient Manuscripts after Mesrop Mashtots as a Researcher, Turkologist-codicologist and cataloguer of the Ottoman Turkish manuscripts (March 2008-present).
She is a lecturer of Turkish Literature and Ottoman Turkish Language at Institute of Oriental Studies at Russian-Armenian University (September 2022- present).
She is a member of professional associations: The Islamic Manuscript Association, Cambridge (Since 2010) and ICOM (Since 2020), The Association for the Study of Persianate Societies (ASPS) (since 2023), Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association (since 2023), WOSCU (since 2023).
She is the author of 19 articles, co-author of the book titled "Armenian Dioceses of Adana", Volume I, (in Armenian).
She presented more than 10 papers at Local and Intenational Conferences.
The sphere of her scientific interests includes the study of Ottoman Turkish manuscripts, documental sources, bilingual and trilingual Ottoman Turkish and Armeno-Turkish manuscript dictionaries, the Ottoman Turkish medical manuscript works, Chagatay, Turkish, Armeno-Turkish literature, also studying of Armeno-Turkish manuscripts and documental sources.
She created the database of Ottoman Turkish Manuscripts of the Matenadaran (in total 400 MSS).
At present she is compiling the first catalogue of the Ottoman Turkish, Chagatay manuscripts of the Matenadaran collection.
The topic of his PhD thesis is "The thematical features of Orhan Pamuk's works".
The professional trainings which she participated:
• Ottoman Turkish Language Course, held by Professor Yucel Demirel (Istanbul, Turkey, September-October, 2004).
• TIMA "Codicology Five Day Course" held by Professor Jan Just Witkam (18-22 June 2013, Matenadaran, Yerevan).
• "Ottoman Turkish Language Course" organized by "Mashtots" Armenian Culture Preservation and Development Foundation: Teaching and Research of Ancient Languages". Held by Professors: Ms. Hatice Aynur - Professor and Chair of the Department of Turkish Language and Literature at Istanbul Şehir University; Mr. Ali Emre Özyıldırım - Assistant Professor of Ottoman Turkish literature at Yıldız Technical University, Turkish Language and Literature Department; Koç University ANAMED; Mr. Engin Kılıç - Sabancı University, School of Languages, Turkish Language and Literature (Experimental stage: 31 May-1 June 2017, Upcoming: Five Month Course, from September 2017).
• "Ottoman Turkish Intermediate Course", Instructor Engin Kılıç (Hrant Dink Foundation, organized between March 4-June 17, 2021).
Her native is Armenian. She is fluent in English, Russian and Turkish.
Phone: +37441027107
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Papers by Ani Avetisyan
aspects of the Ottoman Turkish manuscripts in the Matenadaran Collection.
In the opening section of the article, the author briefly touches on the sources of the formation of the Ottoman Turkish manuscript collection housed in the Matenadaran, giving the general information on the time and the place of their creation, as well as an outline of their content.
The Ottoman Turkish manuscripts of the Matenadaran are formed by a combination of the collections of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, the Yerevan Literary Museum (now the Charents Museum of Literature and Art), the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages in Moscow, the V. I. Lenin Library in Minsk (now the National Library of Belarus), and individual donations.
The total number of the Ottoman Turkish manuscripts is 400, ranging from the 16th to the 20th century. The manuscripts are multi-content, predominantly comprising original texts with a focus on philology, religion, law, history, medicine, and natural sciences. The manuscripts were copied in various places, including Istanbul (Constantinople), Ankara, Bursa, Silistra, Etchmiadzin, Yerevan, Shushi, Tabriz, Moscow, Baku, and other places.
In the second part of the article, the author presents a series of examples of the skills employed in the external and internal design of Islamic manuscripts, with a particular focus on the Ottoman Turkish manuscripts. These examples encompass a range of elements, including paper, ink, binding, script, rules of writing colophons, as well as decoration (headpieces, miniatures, textual, marginal ornaments, etc.).
Finally, the author considers the role of the manuscripts in society, citing examples from the Ottoman Turkish manuscripts. The author demonstrates that the manuscripts were not merely ordinary copies; they were also utilized in various aspects of everyday life, including as research sources, applied materials, or textbooks in the curriculum of education, as gifts, as items of purchase and sale, and as integral parts of inheritance, etc.
This study of the external and internal peculiarities of the Ottoman Turkish
manuscripts of the Matenadaran collection is the first modest step in this sphere, however, it reveals the features that are typical of Islamic manuscripts, especially of the Ottoman Turkish manuscripts.
Thus, Orhan Pamuk is the author of 11 novels and articles-conversations, biographical and small-scale works written on various topics, which are still known to the world's reading-society.
And this set of the most controversial, most read and bestselling books of modern Turkish literature has brought Orhan Pamuk the fame and wide recognition in the local and foreign literary worlds, being translated into 60 languages and distributed in approximately 11 million copies.
The secret of Orhan Pamuk's worldwide success is determined especially by his dual "Cultural Politics", the plot and ideological direction of his works, which reflect the questions existing in Islamic and Christian cultures, as well as the interpenetrations of the two worlds: the West and East, the search for ways to bring each other closer together, with a competition of tradition and innovation, in which the traditions of Eastern storytelling are combined with elements of Western modernism, ultimately creating works of "exquisite beauty" in an "intellectual, witty and elegant" style.
While completing our article, we should note that the biography and bibliography of Orhan Pamuk's works will be enriched with new information, because the writer lives and creates in our days, for whom writing is a way of life, a constant desire to be in other worlds, and a refuge from reality.
ANI J. AVETISYAN
AN UNPUBLISHED POEM BY YOVHANNĒS T‘LKURANTS‘I
Keywords: Manuscript M 7717, bilingual (Armenian and Turkish) poem,
preparation of the unpublished text, interpretation of the poem.
This unpublished poem is preserved in a single copy on folios 228a and 228b of in the manuscript M 7717 (fol. 228a–b). T‘lkurants‘i’s name is mentioned in the title. This bilingual poem (in Armenian and Turkish) dedicated to the Creator is very close in language and style to T‘lkurants‘i’s other poems and also reminds his Commentary on the Creation, a lengthy epical poem on the creation of the world.
ВАНО ЕГИАЗАРЯН
АНИ Ж. АВЕТИСЯН
НЕИЗДАННОЕ ДВУЯЗЫЧНОЕ СТИХОТВОРЕНИЕ
ОВАНЕСА ТЛКУРАНЦИ
Ключевые слова: Рукопись № 7717 Матенадарана имени Маштоца, двуязычное стихотворение (на армянском и турецком), неизданное произведение, подготовка текста, интерпретация стихотворения.
В одной из рукописей Матенадарана имени Маштоца (№ 7717, л. 228а-228б) сохранилось неизданное стихотворение, в заглавии которого упоминается имя Ованеса Тлкуранци. Это двуязычное армяно-турецкое стихотворение, похвала Творцу. Оно созвучно духу стихотворений Тлкуранци, обнаруживает языковое сходство с его двуязычными и трехъязычными стихотворениями, а также напоминает его большую эпическую поэму о происхождении мира – “Толкование на творение”.
See, Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Yerevan, "Copy Print" Printing House, 2022, pp. 147-165.
ՄԱՏԵՆԱԴԱՐԱՆԻ ՕՍՄԱՆԵՐԵՆ ՁԵՌԱԳՐԵՐԻ ՀԱՎԱՔԱԾՈԻՆ ԵՎ
ՆԿԱՐԱԳՐՄԱՆ ՄԵԹՈԴԱԲԱՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ
Սույն հոդվածում ներկայացվում է օսմաներեն ձեռագրերի նկարագրման
մեթոդաբանությունը, ինչպես նաև 2008-2012 թվականներին ուսումնասիրված
և նկարագրված Մաշտոցյան Մատենադարանի օսմաներեն ձեռագիր
հավաքածուից նմուշներ:
Մատենադարանը համախմբում է բազմալեզու 20,310 ձեռագիր միավոր,
որից 2,715` արաբատառ (արաբերեն, պարսկերեն, օսմաներեն) ձեռագրեր են:
Արաբատառ ձեռագրերից 400-ը օսմաներեն են: 2008 թվականից մինչ այժմ նկարագրվել և ցուցակագրվել է մոտ 200 օսմաներեն ձեռագիր, զուգահեռաբար հրատարակվել են հոդվածներ: Օսմաներեն ձեռագրերի հավաքածուն հիմնականում` 16-19-րդ դարերի է: Ըստ բովանդակության խմբակարգվում են՝ գրականություն, պատմություն, կրոնական, իրավագիտություն, բժշկություն, տոմարագիտություն, տաղաչափություն, ճարտասանություն, աստղագիտություն, տիեզերագիտություն, թվաբանություն, երկրաչափություն, քերականություն, երկլեզու և եռալեզու բառարաններ, հմայագրեր, նամականիներ, ֆերաիզներ (ժառանգության բաշխման կարգ):
Մատենադարանի արաբատառ ձեռագրերի հավաքածուի նախնական
նկարագրությունը ընդգրկված է քսաներեք ձեռագիր մատյաններում: Ձեռագրերը նկարագրվել են տարբեր անձանց կողմից, տարբեր ժամանակներում:
In this article, we will discuss the Ms. № 137 from the Matenadaran’s Arabic script collection. The manuscript was formerly in the main collection of the St. Etchmiadzin’s Matenadaran on the basis of which the actual Matenadaran’s Arabic script collection was formed. Initially, in the manuscript description lists of the Matenadaran this manuscript was mentioned as a work of Füzuli - Leyla and Majnun, and thus attributed to 18th century.
The language was considered to be "Azeri" (that is, Azerbaijani). Being a collaboration of an art historian and a codicologist, our study spreads light on the inconsistencies and suspicious aspects of this manuscript and its previous descriptions. Thus our article consists of two sections: codicological analysis and artistic analysis. At first the general circumstances and purposes of counterfeiting Oriental manuscripts are examined. Then the previous descriptions have been added and adjusted in order to show their incompatibility with the manuscript of our study. The deviations and interventions made in the original were examined as well. The connection between the text and the miniatures were studied thoroughly. Based on the facts presented in this article, we have concluded that the manuscript of our study is not just a copy but a counterfeit of 19th century.
AN EPISODE OF THE HISTORY OF CREATING THE ARABIC SCRIPT MANUSCRIPTS COLLECTION IN MATENADARAN (1880-1915) AND THE MANUSCRIPTS DONATED BY KEROVBE PATKANYAN
Keywords: Ottoman Turkish, Ottoman Turkish Manuscripts, Turkish Literature, St. Etchmiadzin
This is the second article of the author on the same subject. In its first part, the history of the Arabic Script Manuscripts Collection of Matenadaran is briefly described. It was first published in 1965, and since the information it contains and the methods of manuscript description used in it are now outdated, there is a need for re-examination, correction, and completion of the material.
In particular, the author discusses the first period (1880–1915) when the collection was formed. Several donators are referred to and special emphasis is put on Kerovbe Patkanyan’s personal donations to the library of Holy Etchmiadzin in 1903. The article contains a complete description of all these manuscripts. It should be noted that in the publication of 1965, Kerovbe Patkanyan’s name was not mentioned at all. It was only stated that his manuscripts had been included in the collection in 1925.
(Summary)
Ani J. Avetisyan
aniavet84@mail.ru
The author focuses on two industrial and agricultural exhibitions, which took place in the capital of Bursa Province. The first one was in 1906, during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid (1876-1909); the second was in 1909, during the reign of Sultan Mehmed (1909-1918). The last exhibition was held in 1923.
Based on published documents, the booklets of the exhibitions and newspaper coverage, the author notes that exhibitors and craftsmen came from Bursa, Istanbul, Ankara, Sparta, Konya, Thessaloniki, Edirne, Kayseri, Manisa, Kirshehir, and other regions of the Ottoman Empire, both close and relatively distant.
Armenian participants, master craftsmen and merchants, displayed silver and gold items, caskets, silver-framed mirrors, silver belts, silk and woolen carpets, clothes, embroidered pillowcases, ties embroidered with pearls, silk, handkerchiefs, tablecloths, antique jewelery, swords, ornate chests, musical instruments, old wine, cognac and vodka, preserves, olive oil, syrups, barley, wheat, olives, thermometers, saddles, agricultural and shoemaking tools, large bath towels, bathrobes, leatherwork, pearls, ceramics, wood work, furniture etc.
The author highlights the participation of Armenians (106 participant in the 1906 fair) in these exhibitions and, based on the list of participants and the material displayed, concludes that Armenians outnumbered Turkish and other ethnic participants in displaying both agricultural products, handcrafted items and self-invented materials.
A Recently Found Turkish Song by Nahapet Kuchak
Summary
Nahapet Kuchak along with his songs in Armenian, Armenian-Persian and Turkish composed in Ashugh (bard) metrics, created also in Divani bard type. This metric is absolutely different and has no reference to Hayren iambic-anapest.
Kuchak is not an author of Hayrens but rather a creator of bard songs. One of them, ''Surmay Chakmish'', preserved in the Matenadaran Collection, Ms. N 3316. Ashugh Kuchak wrote down his name at the end of the song, whereas in Hayrens there is no indication that Kuchak is the author.
Ashugh Kuchak's pieces have been song not only in Armenian but also in Turkish as well as the songs of many other Armenian ashughs.
THIRTY THOUSAND KURDS KILLED IN TURKEY” STATEMENT
BREAKS HAVOC
(SUMMARY)
ANI AVETISYAN
aniavet84@mail.ru
The author of the paper refers to a statement by the modern Turkish writer and winner
of the Nobel Prize in Literature, Orhan Pamuk (Ferit Orhan Pamuk). The statement
regarding the Armenian Genocide made during an interview given to the Swiss daily
newspaper Tages-Anzeiger in February 2005 was: “One million Armenians and thirty
thousand Kurds were killed in Turkey. And almost nobody dares to mention it. So I do...”.
The paper includes Armenian and foreign media materials and opinions expressed by
scientific circles (concerning 2005-2006 and recent years) regarding the above mentioned
statement. The paper also presents the course of the court case raised against him in Turkey.
Finally, the author o f the paper makes remarks, which allow readers to develop their
own opinions.
В статье представлены 34 рукописи и 1 литограф, написанные арабским
шрифтом и спасенные во времена геноцида армян в Османской империи вместе с
армянскими рукописями из хранилищ Западной Армении и собранные в Матена-
даране Эчмиадзинского Святого Престола. Через много лет эти рукописи вместе
со всей коллекцией Святого Престола стали собственностью Матенадарана - Института
древних рукописей имени М. Маштоца. В данной статье все эти рукописи
(6 османских, 11 персидских, 18 арабских) классифицируются и описываются раздельно
в языковых и тематических группах. В основном они посвящены религии,
литературе, медицине, исламской юриспруденции, грамматике, истории, риторике
и логике. Исследование выявило научно-историческую и художественную ценность
этих памятников. В то же время статья наглядно свидетельствует о понимании
и уважении армян не только собственной, но и чужой культуры. Сейчас эти
рукописи бережно хранятся в хранилищах Ереванского Матенадарана, составляя
часть коллекции арабографических рукописей и доступны всем исследователям.
SU M M A R Y
The article represents 34 manuscripts and a lithography written in Arabic script,
which were saved in 1915-1916 during the Armenian Genocide in Ottoman Empire
and brought with Armenian manuscripts from Western Armenia to the Matenadaran
(manuscript library) of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. After many years these
manuscripts with the entire Manuscript collection of the Holy See became the property
of the Mashtots Matenadaran, Institute of Ancient Manuscripts. The manuscripts are
classified and described in the article according to their languages and contents. The
study carried out in the article reveals the historical-scientific and art value of these
manuscripts. At the same time the article exposes another unique phenomenon peculiar
to the Armenians, who showed special respect, appreciation and solicitude not only
to their own culture, but also to the culture of other nations. These manuscripts are
now a part of the collection of manuscripts in Arabic script of the Mashtots Matenadaran;
they are carefully kept, studied and available to scientific circles.
THE HISTORICAL KARS IN ORHAN PAMUK’S “SNOW” NOVEL
The author of the paper will present the Modern Turkish writer, the winner of the Nobel Price in Literature Orhan Pamuk’s (Ferit Orhan Pamuk) “Snow “ novel and will shortly introduce the literary value of the novel, as well as evaluations of readers and critics.
Furthermore, the author will clearify some questions raised in the novel: Why the Kars has been chosen as the centre of events? How was the Kars represented in the novel, with its historical past and present? Which is Pamuk’s real Kars...? Memory awakening streets, abandoned, inhabited buildings, even with new owners: Where are the people who were walking across the street, living on this land…? Where did they disappear? Why did they disappear? Where are the people who share
their lives with foreign neighbours? A lot of questions and reviews: Orhan Pamuk gives the opportunity to his readers to find out the true answer.
Finally, the author of the paper assumes that the words of Orhan Pamuk (2005): ”One million Armenians and thirty thousand Kurds were killed in Turkey. And almost nobody dares to mention that. So I do...” were the result of the creative process of the novel “Snow” published in 2002.
Persian-Turkish Dictionaries of Matenadaran
There are verious manuscripts concerning Iranology and Turkology in Matenadaran and among them Persian-Turkish dictionaries are in the focus of attention. The great part of them are verse dictionaries and they have not been studied yet as many books in classic Turkish literature. There are some foreign authors’ books which explain these dictionaries. Some of verse dictionaries have been composed for Persian language teaching in elementary schools. The most interesting verse dictionaries are Sumbul Zade Vehbi’s “Tuhfe-i Vehbi” and Mughlali Ibrahim Shahidi Dede’s “Tuhfe-i Shahidi”. Persian-Turkish verse dictionaries are inserted in NN 55, 983, 937, 741 manuscripts of Matenadaran.
In N 55 manuscript “Tuhfe-i Sunbul Zade” or “Tuhfe-i Vehbi” ( وآر اليه كان كهر دنيآده بلديكم تحفهٔ سنبل زآده) verse dictionary takes place between 73b-96a. The rewritter is Sayid Muhammed Latifi. “Tuhfe-i Vehbi” was rewritten by Vehbi alike Shahidi’s “Tuhfe-i Shahidi”. Vehbi wrote this dictionary in H. 1196 [M. 1781-82] for his son Lutfullah and Sadrazam Khalil Hamid pasha’s sons Arif and Nur. It consists of 56 ktas and 1 mesnevi and classified in alphabetical order. N 983 manuscript is a copy of it.
In N 937 manuscript “Tuhfe-i Shahidi” verse dictionary (هذا كتاب شاهدى تحفهٔ شاهدى) takes place between 27b-47a, which is the most famous work by Shahidi. Shahidi wrote it in H. 920 [M. 1513] and Amid al Husein rewrote it in H. 1033 [M. 1623-24]. Shahidi wrote it alike “Tuhfe-i Husami”. It consists of 21 ktas and classified in alphabetical order.
In N 741 manuscript another copy of “Tuhfe-i Shahidi” takes place between 108b-127a. It was rewritten in H. 1196 [M. 1781-82], Ankara by Kadi Zade. It consists of 25 ktas and some additional ktas. There is a small difference in numbering of ktas and headings, which sometimes are not separated.
NN 229, 230, 462 manuscripts are simple Persian-Turkish dictionaries. They were written in XIX century and they are important for their rewritting places .
N 229 manuscript is a small dictionary (ارمنى دلنه مخلوط اولنموش فرس قديم الفاظلرى). It was written in H.1309 [M. 1891-92], Shushi. The dictionary represents the old words, which have transfered from Persian to Armenian language and their Turkish versions. The last pages of the dictionary are about Shushi’s life.
N 230 manuscript is a brief Persian-Turkish dictionary (مجمع اللغات). It was rewritten in H. 1309 [M. 1891-92], Shushi by Mirza Muhammed Taghi who lived in Gandzak. The dictionary classified not in alphabetical, but thematic order.
N 462 manuscript is a Persian-Turkish dictionary. It was rewritten in H. 1284 [M. 1867-68], Najlu /district of Yerevan/ by Kerbella Molla Muhammed Husein ibn Kerbella Muhammed. The dictionary is one coloumed and classified in thematical order.
Mentioned dictionaries contain useful information for scientific research.
aspects of the Ottoman Turkish manuscripts in the Matenadaran Collection.
In the opening section of the article, the author briefly touches on the sources of the formation of the Ottoman Turkish manuscript collection housed in the Matenadaran, giving the general information on the time and the place of their creation, as well as an outline of their content.
The Ottoman Turkish manuscripts of the Matenadaran are formed by a combination of the collections of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, the Yerevan Literary Museum (now the Charents Museum of Literature and Art), the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages in Moscow, the V. I. Lenin Library in Minsk (now the National Library of Belarus), and individual donations.
The total number of the Ottoman Turkish manuscripts is 400, ranging from the 16th to the 20th century. The manuscripts are multi-content, predominantly comprising original texts with a focus on philology, religion, law, history, medicine, and natural sciences. The manuscripts were copied in various places, including Istanbul (Constantinople), Ankara, Bursa, Silistra, Etchmiadzin, Yerevan, Shushi, Tabriz, Moscow, Baku, and other places.
In the second part of the article, the author presents a series of examples of the skills employed in the external and internal design of Islamic manuscripts, with a particular focus on the Ottoman Turkish manuscripts. These examples encompass a range of elements, including paper, ink, binding, script, rules of writing colophons, as well as decoration (headpieces, miniatures, textual, marginal ornaments, etc.).
Finally, the author considers the role of the manuscripts in society, citing examples from the Ottoman Turkish manuscripts. The author demonstrates that the manuscripts were not merely ordinary copies; they were also utilized in various aspects of everyday life, including as research sources, applied materials, or textbooks in the curriculum of education, as gifts, as items of purchase and sale, and as integral parts of inheritance, etc.
This study of the external and internal peculiarities of the Ottoman Turkish
manuscripts of the Matenadaran collection is the first modest step in this sphere, however, it reveals the features that are typical of Islamic manuscripts, especially of the Ottoman Turkish manuscripts.
Thus, Orhan Pamuk is the author of 11 novels and articles-conversations, biographical and small-scale works written on various topics, which are still known to the world's reading-society.
And this set of the most controversial, most read and bestselling books of modern Turkish literature has brought Orhan Pamuk the fame and wide recognition in the local and foreign literary worlds, being translated into 60 languages and distributed in approximately 11 million copies.
The secret of Orhan Pamuk's worldwide success is determined especially by his dual "Cultural Politics", the plot and ideological direction of his works, which reflect the questions existing in Islamic and Christian cultures, as well as the interpenetrations of the two worlds: the West and East, the search for ways to bring each other closer together, with a competition of tradition and innovation, in which the traditions of Eastern storytelling are combined with elements of Western modernism, ultimately creating works of "exquisite beauty" in an "intellectual, witty and elegant" style.
While completing our article, we should note that the biography and bibliography of Orhan Pamuk's works will be enriched with new information, because the writer lives and creates in our days, for whom writing is a way of life, a constant desire to be in other worlds, and a refuge from reality.
ANI J. AVETISYAN
AN UNPUBLISHED POEM BY YOVHANNĒS T‘LKURANTS‘I
Keywords: Manuscript M 7717, bilingual (Armenian and Turkish) poem,
preparation of the unpublished text, interpretation of the poem.
This unpublished poem is preserved in a single copy on folios 228a and 228b of in the manuscript M 7717 (fol. 228a–b). T‘lkurants‘i’s name is mentioned in the title. This bilingual poem (in Armenian and Turkish) dedicated to the Creator is very close in language and style to T‘lkurants‘i’s other poems and also reminds his Commentary on the Creation, a lengthy epical poem on the creation of the world.
ВАНО ЕГИАЗАРЯН
АНИ Ж. АВЕТИСЯН
НЕИЗДАННОЕ ДВУЯЗЫЧНОЕ СТИХОТВОРЕНИЕ
ОВАНЕСА ТЛКУРАНЦИ
Ключевые слова: Рукопись № 7717 Матенадарана имени Маштоца, двуязычное стихотворение (на армянском и турецком), неизданное произведение, подготовка текста, интерпретация стихотворения.
В одной из рукописей Матенадарана имени Маштоца (№ 7717, л. 228а-228б) сохранилось неизданное стихотворение, в заглавии которого упоминается имя Ованеса Тлкуранци. Это двуязычное армяно-турецкое стихотворение, похвала Творцу. Оно созвучно духу стихотворений Тлкуранци, обнаруживает языковое сходство с его двуязычными и трехъязычными стихотворениями, а также напоминает его большую эпическую поэму о происхождении мира – “Толкование на творение”.
See, Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Yerevan, "Copy Print" Printing House, 2022, pp. 147-165.
ՄԱՏԵՆԱԴԱՐԱՆԻ ՕՍՄԱՆԵՐԵՆ ՁԵՌԱԳՐԵՐԻ ՀԱՎԱՔԱԾՈԻՆ ԵՎ
ՆԿԱՐԱԳՐՄԱՆ ՄԵԹՈԴԱԲԱՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ
Սույն հոդվածում ներկայացվում է օսմաներեն ձեռագրերի նկարագրման
մեթոդաբանությունը, ինչպես նաև 2008-2012 թվականներին ուսումնասիրված
և նկարագրված Մաշտոցյան Մատենադարանի օսմաներեն ձեռագիր
հավաքածուից նմուշներ:
Մատենադարանը համախմբում է բազմալեզու 20,310 ձեռագիր միավոր,
որից 2,715` արաբատառ (արաբերեն, պարսկերեն, օսմաներեն) ձեռագրեր են:
Արաբատառ ձեռագրերից 400-ը օսմաներեն են: 2008 թվականից մինչ այժմ նկարագրվել և ցուցակագրվել է մոտ 200 օսմաներեն ձեռագիր, զուգահեռաբար հրատարակվել են հոդվածներ: Օսմաներեն ձեռագրերի հավաքածուն հիմնականում` 16-19-րդ դարերի է: Ըստ բովանդակության խմբակարգվում են՝ գրականություն, պատմություն, կրոնական, իրավագիտություն, բժշկություն, տոմարագիտություն, տաղաչափություն, ճարտասանություն, աստղագիտություն, տիեզերագիտություն, թվաբանություն, երկրաչափություն, քերականություն, երկլեզու և եռալեզու բառարաններ, հմայագրեր, նամականիներ, ֆերաիզներ (ժառանգության բաշխման կարգ):
Մատենադարանի արաբատառ ձեռագրերի հավաքածուի նախնական
նկարագրությունը ընդգրկված է քսաներեք ձեռագիր մատյաններում: Ձեռագրերը նկարագրվել են տարբեր անձանց կողմից, տարբեր ժամանակներում:
In this article, we will discuss the Ms. № 137 from the Matenadaran’s Arabic script collection. The manuscript was formerly in the main collection of the St. Etchmiadzin’s Matenadaran on the basis of which the actual Matenadaran’s Arabic script collection was formed. Initially, in the manuscript description lists of the Matenadaran this manuscript was mentioned as a work of Füzuli - Leyla and Majnun, and thus attributed to 18th century.
The language was considered to be "Azeri" (that is, Azerbaijani). Being a collaboration of an art historian and a codicologist, our study spreads light on the inconsistencies and suspicious aspects of this manuscript and its previous descriptions. Thus our article consists of two sections: codicological analysis and artistic analysis. At first the general circumstances and purposes of counterfeiting Oriental manuscripts are examined. Then the previous descriptions have been added and adjusted in order to show their incompatibility with the manuscript of our study. The deviations and interventions made in the original were examined as well. The connection between the text and the miniatures were studied thoroughly. Based on the facts presented in this article, we have concluded that the manuscript of our study is not just a copy but a counterfeit of 19th century.
AN EPISODE OF THE HISTORY OF CREATING THE ARABIC SCRIPT MANUSCRIPTS COLLECTION IN MATENADARAN (1880-1915) AND THE MANUSCRIPTS DONATED BY KEROVBE PATKANYAN
Keywords: Ottoman Turkish, Ottoman Turkish Manuscripts, Turkish Literature, St. Etchmiadzin
This is the second article of the author on the same subject. In its first part, the history of the Arabic Script Manuscripts Collection of Matenadaran is briefly described. It was first published in 1965, and since the information it contains and the methods of manuscript description used in it are now outdated, there is a need for re-examination, correction, and completion of the material.
In particular, the author discusses the first period (1880–1915) when the collection was formed. Several donators are referred to and special emphasis is put on Kerovbe Patkanyan’s personal donations to the library of Holy Etchmiadzin in 1903. The article contains a complete description of all these manuscripts. It should be noted that in the publication of 1965, Kerovbe Patkanyan’s name was not mentioned at all. It was only stated that his manuscripts had been included in the collection in 1925.
(Summary)
Ani J. Avetisyan
aniavet84@mail.ru
The author focuses on two industrial and agricultural exhibitions, which took place in the capital of Bursa Province. The first one was in 1906, during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid (1876-1909); the second was in 1909, during the reign of Sultan Mehmed (1909-1918). The last exhibition was held in 1923.
Based on published documents, the booklets of the exhibitions and newspaper coverage, the author notes that exhibitors and craftsmen came from Bursa, Istanbul, Ankara, Sparta, Konya, Thessaloniki, Edirne, Kayseri, Manisa, Kirshehir, and other regions of the Ottoman Empire, both close and relatively distant.
Armenian participants, master craftsmen and merchants, displayed silver and gold items, caskets, silver-framed mirrors, silver belts, silk and woolen carpets, clothes, embroidered pillowcases, ties embroidered with pearls, silk, handkerchiefs, tablecloths, antique jewelery, swords, ornate chests, musical instruments, old wine, cognac and vodka, preserves, olive oil, syrups, barley, wheat, olives, thermometers, saddles, agricultural and shoemaking tools, large bath towels, bathrobes, leatherwork, pearls, ceramics, wood work, furniture etc.
The author highlights the participation of Armenians (106 participant in the 1906 fair) in these exhibitions and, based on the list of participants and the material displayed, concludes that Armenians outnumbered Turkish and other ethnic participants in displaying both agricultural products, handcrafted items and self-invented materials.
A Recently Found Turkish Song by Nahapet Kuchak
Summary
Nahapet Kuchak along with his songs in Armenian, Armenian-Persian and Turkish composed in Ashugh (bard) metrics, created also in Divani bard type. This metric is absolutely different and has no reference to Hayren iambic-anapest.
Kuchak is not an author of Hayrens but rather a creator of bard songs. One of them, ''Surmay Chakmish'', preserved in the Matenadaran Collection, Ms. N 3316. Ashugh Kuchak wrote down his name at the end of the song, whereas in Hayrens there is no indication that Kuchak is the author.
Ashugh Kuchak's pieces have been song not only in Armenian but also in Turkish as well as the songs of many other Armenian ashughs.
THIRTY THOUSAND KURDS KILLED IN TURKEY” STATEMENT
BREAKS HAVOC
(SUMMARY)
ANI AVETISYAN
aniavet84@mail.ru
The author of the paper refers to a statement by the modern Turkish writer and winner
of the Nobel Prize in Literature, Orhan Pamuk (Ferit Orhan Pamuk). The statement
regarding the Armenian Genocide made during an interview given to the Swiss daily
newspaper Tages-Anzeiger in February 2005 was: “One million Armenians and thirty
thousand Kurds were killed in Turkey. And almost nobody dares to mention it. So I do...”.
The paper includes Armenian and foreign media materials and opinions expressed by
scientific circles (concerning 2005-2006 and recent years) regarding the above mentioned
statement. The paper also presents the course of the court case raised against him in Turkey.
Finally, the author o f the paper makes remarks, which allow readers to develop their
own opinions.
В статье представлены 34 рукописи и 1 литограф, написанные арабским
шрифтом и спасенные во времена геноцида армян в Османской империи вместе с
армянскими рукописями из хранилищ Западной Армении и собранные в Матена-
даране Эчмиадзинского Святого Престола. Через много лет эти рукописи вместе
со всей коллекцией Святого Престола стали собственностью Матенадарана - Института
древних рукописей имени М. Маштоца. В данной статье все эти рукописи
(6 османских, 11 персидских, 18 арабских) классифицируются и описываются раздельно
в языковых и тематических группах. В основном они посвящены религии,
литературе, медицине, исламской юриспруденции, грамматике, истории, риторике
и логике. Исследование выявило научно-историческую и художественную ценность
этих памятников. В то же время статья наглядно свидетельствует о понимании
и уважении армян не только собственной, но и чужой культуры. Сейчас эти
рукописи бережно хранятся в хранилищах Ереванского Матенадарана, составляя
часть коллекции арабографических рукописей и доступны всем исследователям.
SU M M A R Y
The article represents 34 manuscripts and a lithography written in Arabic script,
which were saved in 1915-1916 during the Armenian Genocide in Ottoman Empire
and brought with Armenian manuscripts from Western Armenia to the Matenadaran
(manuscript library) of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. After many years these
manuscripts with the entire Manuscript collection of the Holy See became the property
of the Mashtots Matenadaran, Institute of Ancient Manuscripts. The manuscripts are
classified and described in the article according to their languages and contents. The
study carried out in the article reveals the historical-scientific and art value of these
manuscripts. At the same time the article exposes another unique phenomenon peculiar
to the Armenians, who showed special respect, appreciation and solicitude not only
to their own culture, but also to the culture of other nations. These manuscripts are
now a part of the collection of manuscripts in Arabic script of the Mashtots Matenadaran;
they are carefully kept, studied and available to scientific circles.
THE HISTORICAL KARS IN ORHAN PAMUK’S “SNOW” NOVEL
The author of the paper will present the Modern Turkish writer, the winner of the Nobel Price in Literature Orhan Pamuk’s (Ferit Orhan Pamuk) “Snow “ novel and will shortly introduce the literary value of the novel, as well as evaluations of readers and critics.
Furthermore, the author will clearify some questions raised in the novel: Why the Kars has been chosen as the centre of events? How was the Kars represented in the novel, with its historical past and present? Which is Pamuk’s real Kars...? Memory awakening streets, abandoned, inhabited buildings, even with new owners: Where are the people who were walking across the street, living on this land…? Where did they disappear? Why did they disappear? Where are the people who share
their lives with foreign neighbours? A lot of questions and reviews: Orhan Pamuk gives the opportunity to his readers to find out the true answer.
Finally, the author of the paper assumes that the words of Orhan Pamuk (2005): ”One million Armenians and thirty thousand Kurds were killed in Turkey. And almost nobody dares to mention that. So I do...” were the result of the creative process of the novel “Snow” published in 2002.
Persian-Turkish Dictionaries of Matenadaran
There are verious manuscripts concerning Iranology and Turkology in Matenadaran and among them Persian-Turkish dictionaries are in the focus of attention. The great part of them are verse dictionaries and they have not been studied yet as many books in classic Turkish literature. There are some foreign authors’ books which explain these dictionaries. Some of verse dictionaries have been composed for Persian language teaching in elementary schools. The most interesting verse dictionaries are Sumbul Zade Vehbi’s “Tuhfe-i Vehbi” and Mughlali Ibrahim Shahidi Dede’s “Tuhfe-i Shahidi”. Persian-Turkish verse dictionaries are inserted in NN 55, 983, 937, 741 manuscripts of Matenadaran.
In N 55 manuscript “Tuhfe-i Sunbul Zade” or “Tuhfe-i Vehbi” ( وآر اليه كان كهر دنيآده بلديكم تحفهٔ سنبل زآده) verse dictionary takes place between 73b-96a. The rewritter is Sayid Muhammed Latifi. “Tuhfe-i Vehbi” was rewritten by Vehbi alike Shahidi’s “Tuhfe-i Shahidi”. Vehbi wrote this dictionary in H. 1196 [M. 1781-82] for his son Lutfullah and Sadrazam Khalil Hamid pasha’s sons Arif and Nur. It consists of 56 ktas and 1 mesnevi and classified in alphabetical order. N 983 manuscript is a copy of it.
In N 937 manuscript “Tuhfe-i Shahidi” verse dictionary (هذا كتاب شاهدى تحفهٔ شاهدى) takes place between 27b-47a, which is the most famous work by Shahidi. Shahidi wrote it in H. 920 [M. 1513] and Amid al Husein rewrote it in H. 1033 [M. 1623-24]. Shahidi wrote it alike “Tuhfe-i Husami”. It consists of 21 ktas and classified in alphabetical order.
In N 741 manuscript another copy of “Tuhfe-i Shahidi” takes place between 108b-127a. It was rewritten in H. 1196 [M. 1781-82], Ankara by Kadi Zade. It consists of 25 ktas and some additional ktas. There is a small difference in numbering of ktas and headings, which sometimes are not separated.
NN 229, 230, 462 manuscripts are simple Persian-Turkish dictionaries. They were written in XIX century and they are important for their rewritting places .
N 229 manuscript is a small dictionary (ارمنى دلنه مخلوط اولنموش فرس قديم الفاظلرى). It was written in H.1309 [M. 1891-92], Shushi. The dictionary represents the old words, which have transfered from Persian to Armenian language and their Turkish versions. The last pages of the dictionary are about Shushi’s life.
N 230 manuscript is a brief Persian-Turkish dictionary (مجمع اللغات). It was rewritten in H. 1309 [M. 1891-92], Shushi by Mirza Muhammed Taghi who lived in Gandzak. The dictionary classified not in alphabetical, but thematic order.
N 462 manuscript is a Persian-Turkish dictionary. It was rewritten in H. 1284 [M. 1867-68], Najlu /district of Yerevan/ by Kerbella Molla Muhammed Husein ibn Kerbella Muhammed. The dictionary is one coloumed and classified in thematical order.
Mentioned dictionaries contain useful information for scientific research.
of Ancient Manuscripts, Armenia Newly Discovered Ottoman Turkish Manuscripts Authored by
Famous Ottoman Physicians