Hukuman mati

Hukuman mati adolah pambunuahan surang manusia nan dilakukan oleh nagara sabagai hukuman dari sabuah kajahatan.

Kajahatan hukuman mati

Kajahatan nan biasonyo dihukum mati adolah kajahatan taadok manusia lain, cando mambunuah, mambunuah massal, mamperkosa, mamperkosa anak, malecehkan anak sacaro seksual, terorisme, kajahatan parang, kajahatan taadok kamanusiaan, sarato genosida.^[1]^[2]

Hukuman mati dijatuahan pulo untuak kajahatan taadok nagara jo pamarintah, saroman bakianaik, mamato-matoi, mangasuik, marompak kapa, jo marompak kapatabang. Di babarapo nagara, hukuman ko dijatuahan pulo untuak urang-urang nan malakuan kajahatan samo baulang kali (residivisme), marompak sampai mati, manculik, atau kajahatan nan takaik jo narkotika.^[1]^[3]

Pamakaian kini

48 nagara di dunia kini masih mamakai hukuman mati, 108 nagara alah maapuihnyo sacaro de jure untuak sadoalah macam kajahatan, 7 nagara maapuihnyo untuak kajahatan biaso tapi mampatahankannyo untuak kajahatan luar biaso, dan 28 nagara maapuihannyo sacaro total.^[4] Sakitar 60% dari panduduak di dunia tinggi di nagara nan masih mamakai hukuman mati, cando Cino, India,^[5] Amerika Sarikat,^[6] Indonesia,^[7] Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Mesir, Arab Saudi, Iran, Japang,^[8] jo Taiwan.^[9] Kabanyakan nagara di Dunia Partamo alah maapuihan hukuman mati.^[10]

Manuurik Amnesty International, 20 nagara dikataui mangadoan eksekusi hukuman mati di tahun 2019.^[11] Babarapo nagara indak marilis informasi tantang eksekusinyo, cando Cino jo Korea Utara. Sakitar 1,000 tahanan dieksekusi pado tahun 2017.^[12]

Kontroversi

Hukuman mati dianggap kontroversial di babarapo nagara, dan posisi tantang pamakaiannyo dalam satu ideologi politik atau konteks budaya amat baragam. Sajak baakhianyo Parang Dunia Kaduo, tadapek garakan untuak maapuihan hukuman mati.^[13]

Di Uni Eropa, Pasal 2 Piagam Hak Dasar Uni Eropa malarang pamakaian hukuman mati untuak nagara-nagara anggota UE.^[14] Dewan Eropa juo alah bausao untuak malarang pamakaian hukuman mati bagi nagara-nagara anggotanyo malalui Protokol 13 Konvensi Hak Asasi Manusia Eropa (ECHR). Namun, larangan ko anyo balaku pado nagara nan alah manandotangani dan maratifikasinyo, sainggo indak balaku pado nagara-nagara cando Armenia, Rusia, jo Azerbaijan.^[15]^[16]

Dari tahun 2007 inggo 2018, Majelis Umum Pasarikatan Banso-Banso alah mangaluakan babarapo resolusi nan indak maikaik sacaro hukum (non-binding resolution) untuak manangguahkan pamakaian hukuman mati di saluruah dunia, dan batujuan untuak maapuihnyo di saluruah dunia.^[17]^[18]^[19]

Rujuakan

↑ ^a ^b Hood, Roger, and Carolyn Hoyle. The death penalty: A worldwide perspective. OUP Oxford, 2015.
↑ Schabas, W. A. (1996). War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity and the Death Penalty. Alb. L. Rev., 60, 733.
↑ Dubber, M. D. (1995). Recidivist Statutes as Arational Punishment. Buff. L. Rev., 43, 689.
↑ "Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries as of July 2018" (PDF). Amnesty International. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.
↑ "India: Death penalty debate won't die out soon". Asia Times. 13 August 2004. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 August 2004. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.
↑ Leigh B. Bienen (201). Murder and Its Consequences: Essays on Capital Punishment in America (edisi ke-2). Northwestern University Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-8101-2697-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=vmpEQUhpNXUC&pg=PA143.
↑ "Indonesian activists face upward death penalty trend". World Coalition against the Death Penalty. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
↑ "The Death Penality in Japan". International Federation for Human Rights. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 August 2010. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.
↑ "Death Penalty". Amnesty International. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 August 2016. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.
↑ Hood, R. (2001). Capital punishment: A global perspective. Punishment & Society, 3(3), 331-354.
↑ 21 April 2020, Index number: ACT 50/1847/2020. Death sentences and executions 2019. Amnesty International.
↑ "Amnesty: Almost 1,000 prisoners executed worldwide in 2017". aljazeera.com. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.
↑ Neumayer, E. (2008). Death penalty abolition and the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol. International Journal of Human Rights, 12(1), 3-21.
↑ "Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union" (PDF). European Union. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 29 May 2010. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.
↑ Fijalkowski, A. (2001). The Abolition of the Death Penalty in Central and Eastern Europe. Tilburg Law Review, 9(1), 62-83.
↑ Bae, S. (2008). Friends do not let friends execute: the Council of Europe and the international campaign to abolish the death penalty. International Politics, 45(2), 129-145.
↑ "moratorium on the death penalty". United Nations. 15 November 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 January 2011. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.
↑ Kissack, R. (2012). The EU in the Negotiations of a UN General Assembly Resolution on a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty. In The European Union and Multilateral Governance (pp. 103-121). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
↑ Marchetti, R. (2016). Advocacy strategies for human rights: the campaign for the moratorium on the death penalty^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}. Rivista Italania di Scienza Politica, 46(3), 355.

Bibliografi

Michael H. Tonry (2000). The Handbook of Crime & Punishment. Oxford University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-19-514060-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=7MePbzYyZ2YC&pg=PA3.
Elisabeth Reichert (2011). Social Work and Human Rights: A Foundation for Policy and Practice. Columbia University Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-231-52070-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=2LylU2Yp6NYC&pg=PA89.
Clifton D. Bryant; Dennis L. Peck (2009). Encyclopedia of Death & Human Experience. Sage Publications. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-4129-5178-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=LFOn7rpkVdQC&pg=PA144.
Cliff Roberson (2015). Constitutional Law and Criminal Justice, Second Edition. CRC Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-4987-2120-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=oHu9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA188.

[Hood-1] Hood, Roger, and Carolyn Hoyle. The death penalty: A worldwide perspective. OUP Oxford, 2015.

[2] Schabas, W. A. (1996). War Crimes, Crimes Against Humanity and the Death Penalty. Alb. L. Rev., 60, 733.

[3] Dubber, M. D. (1995). Recidivist Statutes as Arational Punishment. Buff. L. Rev., 43, 689.

[Amnesty2018-4] "Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries as of July 2018" (PDF). Amnesty International. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.

[5] "India: Death penalty debate won't die out soon". Asia Times. 13 August 2004. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 August 2004. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.

[Bienen2010-6] Leigh B. Bienen (201). Murder and Its Consequences: Essays on Capital Punishment in America (edisi ke-2). Northwestern University Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-8101-2697-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=vmpEQUhpNXUC&pg=PA143.

[7] "Indonesian activists face upward death penalty trend". World Coalition against the Death Penalty. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

[8] "The Death Penality in Japan". International Federation for Human Rights. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 August 2010. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.

[9] "Death Penalty". Amnesty International. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 August 2016. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.

[10] Hood, R. (2001). Capital punishment: A global perspective. Punishment & Society, 3(3), 331-354.

[11] 21 April 2020, Index number: ACT 50/1847/2020. Death sentences and executions 2019. Amnesty International.

[12] "Amnesty: Almost 1,000 prisoners executed worldwide in 2017". aljazeera.com. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.

[13] Neumayer, E. (2008). Death penalty abolition and the ratification of the Second Optional Protocol. International Journal of Human Rights, 12(1), 3-21.

[14] "Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union" (PDF). European Union. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 29 May 2010. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.

[15] Fijalkowski, A. (2001). The Abolition of the Death Penalty in Central and Eastern Europe. Tilburg Law Review, 9(1), 62-83.

[16] Bae, S. (2008). Friends do not let friends execute: the Council of Europe and the international campaign to abolish the death penalty. International Politics, 45(2), 129-145.

[17] "moratorium on the death penalty". United Nations. 15 November 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 January 2011. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2021.

[18] Kissack, R. (2012). The EU in the Negotiations of a UN General Assembly Resolution on a Moratorium on the Use of the Death Penalty. In The European Union and Multilateral Governance (pp. 103-121). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

[19] Marchetti, R. (2016). Advocacy strategies for human rights: the campaign for the moratorium on the death penalty^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}. Rivista Italania di Scienza Politica, 46(3), 355.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

v t e Hukum
Sistem hukum	Hukum sipil Hukum Romawi Hukum umum Hukum agamo Syariah Fiqh Halakha Hukum kanonik Hukum Hindu Hukum Jain Hukum sosialis Adaik Xeer Yassa Kabaragaman hukum
Kajian dasar	Hukum antarobanso Hukum administrasi nagara Hukum tata nagara Hukum pidana Hukum perdata Hukum acara Hukum acara pidana Hukum acara perdata
Sumber hukum	Piagam Undang limbago Adaik Hak ilahi rajo-rajo Hak asasi manusia Hak alami Hukum pakaro Preseden hukum
Bidang hukum	Hukum agraria Hukum patanian Hukum panabangan Hukum pabankan Hukum dagang Hukum pasaingan usaho Hukum konstruksi Palinduangan konsumen Hukum korporat Hukum teknologi informasi Hukum pamiliahan umum Hukum sumber daya Hukum hiburan Kabangkrutan Pasalisiahan hukum Hukum kaluargo Hukum lingkungan Hukum kauangan Hukum kasehatan Hukum imigrasi Hak kakayaan intelektual Hukum pidana internasional Hukum HAM internasional Hukum pabudakan internasional Hukum buruah Hukum parang Hukum lauik Hukum pers Hukum militer Hukum waris Hukum publik internasional Hukum angkaso Hukum ulahrago Hukum pajak Hukum pangangkutan Hukum amanat Hukum kawajiban Hukum properti Hukum publik Hukum statuter
Parihal hukum	Fiksi hukum Arkeologi hukum Patangguangjawaban produk Wanita dan hukum Kontrak Akta autentik Ekuitas Bukti Ganti rugi Karugian
Teori hukum	Pabandiangan hukum Kajian hukum kritis Teori hukum feminis Ekonomika hukum Formalisme hukum Teori hukum internasional Asas legalitas Rule of law Sosiologi hukum Politik hukum
Pambuatan hukum	Jajak pandapek Kodifikasi hukum Dekrit Maklumaik Kaputusan eksekutif Proklamasi Undang-undang Parundangan utamo jo cadangan Paraturan parundang-undangan Pambuatan paraturan Pamakluman Pancabutan Pajanjian Statuta Act of Parliament Act of Congress Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia
Panyalanggaraan hukum	Ajudikasi Panyalanggaraan paradilan Paradilan pidana Pangadilan militer Panyalasaian salisiah Gugatan Pandapek hukum Upayo hukum Hakim Magistrat Justice of the peace Panghakiman Pangujian yudisial Kawenangan hukum Juri Profesi hukum Pangacara/advokat Kuaso hukum Bantuan hukum Barrister Solicitor Jaksa Patanyoan hukum Sidang Fakta nan sabananyo Vonis Birokrasi Bar Kursi hakim Masyarakaik sipil Pangadilan Komisi pamiliahan umum Eksekutif Yudikatif Panagak hukum Pandidiakan hukum Sakolah hukum Dewan perwakilan Angkatan basanjato Kapolisian Partai politik Mahkamah
Kategori Portal