Martin Bell is Professor at the Queensland Centre for Population Research, School of Geography, P... more Martin Bell is Professor at the Queensland Centre for Population Research, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, at the University of Queensland. E-mail: martin.bell@uq.edu.au. ... Salut Muhidin is Postdoctoral Fellow in the ...
Introduction There is a considerable dearth of official metrics for women empowerment, which is p... more Introduction There is a considerable dearth of official metrics for women empowerment, which is pivotal to observe universal progress towards Sustainable Development Goals 5, targeting "achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.” This study aimed to introduce, critically appraise, and summarize the measurement properties of women empowerment scales in sexual and reproductive health. Methods A comprehensive systematic literature search through several international electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Science Direct was performed on September 2020, without a time limit. All studies aimed to develop and validate a measurement of women empowerment in sexual and reproductive health were included. The quality assessment was performed through a rating scale addressing the six criteria, including: a priori explicit theoretical framework, evaluating content validity, internal consistency, and factor analysis to assess structural validity. ...
" One insistent question in recent discussions on the Indonesian diaspora relates to its... more " One insistent question in recent discussions on the Indonesian diaspora relates to its size. In order to answer such a question, this paper aims to stimulate discussions on the estimated size and distribution of the Indonesian diaspora. This discussion paper is structured as follows. First, we outline two problems associated with the large variance of current estimates of the size of the diaspora: its definition and data source. After outlining these various estimates, we explore results from a dataset on the international migrant stock to look at the distribution and the growth of Indonesian-born migrants in recent years. Since the dataset primarily counts target Indonesian-born international migrants only, we then use a case study of detailed tabulations from the 2011 Australian Population Census. Here, we use data on ancestry, country of birth, and language spoken at home, to illustrate how the size of the Indonesian diaspora in Australia may be potentially different to the one estimated using the international migrant stock data. "
In their campaigns, our three presidential candidates have largely concentrated on economic issue... more In their campaigns, our three presidential candidates have largely concentrated on economic issues, including macro and micro economics, but we need to remember that the nation is also facing other no less urgent issues such as the health of the population. It is disappointing that so far the three candidates have only focused a little on their health platforms. Many cases have emerged recently relating to issues of public health. For example, the report on food and drinking water poisoning at some schools resulting from hygiene and sanitation issues. Based on the Yogyakarta-based Gadjah Mada University (UGM) research in 2009, catering services were involved in 65 percent of reported cases of food poisoning, followed by small scale food industries (19 percent) and household foods (16 percent)...
International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2020
CONTEXT Extreme weather events cause large-scale population displacement in Bangladesh. It is imp... more CONTEXT Extreme weather events cause large-scale population displacement in Bangladesh. It is important to know how household displacement due to such events might affect women's antenatal care (ANC) service utilization. METHODS In 2017, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted in 25 rural villages in either displacement prone or non-displacement prone areas of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 611 respondents (a woman or her husband) who reported having had a live birth in the past three years; of those, 289 had experienced household displacement due to an extreme weather event. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between experience of household displacement and women's ANC service utilization during their last pregnancy resulting in a live birth. RESULTS Eighty-three percent of women had received at least one ANC visit during their last pregnancy resulting in a live birth; of those, 31% received at least four visits with a trained provider. Women from households that had been displaced three or more times were less likely than those from nondisplaced households to have received an ANC visit and at least four visits with a trained provider (odds ratios, 0.3 and 0.4, respectively). Receiving at least four visits with a trained provider was also associated with having previous children (0.3-0.4), age at pregnancy (2.5-3.9), husband's occupation (2.2 for "other") and joint parental decision-making about ANC visits (1.8). CONCLUSIONS Strengthening family planning services and extending eligibility for Bangladesh's Maternity Allowance benefits in the areas prone to floods and riverbank erosion are recommended to improve ANC service utilization.
ABSTRACT This paper examines the experiences of people displaced internally by climate-related fa... more ABSTRACT This paper examines the experiences of people displaced internally by climate-related factors in mainland Bangladesh, one of the world's most climate-vulnerable countries. The data derives from a representative survey of 1,200 households drawn equally from displacement-susceptible areas and areas without climate-related displacement. Comparisons are drawn on the basis of four variables: the displaced versus the non-displaced; before displacement versus after displacement; people displaced suddenly versus those displaced gradually; and the frequency of past displacement. The displaced experience multiple disadvantages, including reduced land ownership and reduced access to electricity, sanitary toilets and healthcare services. The disadvantage is greater following sudden displacement and among those who have been displaced multiple times. The impact on the time and cost of accessing healthcare are greater after displacement. The disadvantage of the displaced, thus, is a function of interactions between exposure to natural disaster, impoverishment and lack of access to health services.
South East Queensland is projected to grow by an estimated 1.3 million people over the next 20 ye... more South East Queensland is projected to grow by an estimated 1.3 million people over the next 20 years. To date, much of the debate on how best to respond to this unprecedented rate of growth has focused attention on the need to provide better infrastructure, more housing and to sustain and protect ecosystems and habitats. Less attention has been paid
A recent shift in the Government of Indonesia’s foreign policy outlook has witnessed emerging int... more A recent shift in the Government of Indonesia’s foreign policy outlook has witnessed emerging interests towards the untapped potential of Indonesians abroad. However, academic research on the Indonesian Diaspora remains scant, and at its current stage, the literature suffers from a lack of synergy across the many disciplinary fields. The Indonesia Diaspora Network–Research and Development Discussion Paper Series aim to provide a collection of empirical insights pertinent for any scholarly discussion and future data-driven policy initiatives on the Indonesian Diaspora. We
Short Abstract (149 words).This study represents one of the study attempts on life course analysi... more Short Abstract (149 words).This study represents one of the study attempts on life course analysis of migration and fertility using biographic data from a developing country. The analyses are based on the exceptional reliable survey data, EMIUB which was conducted in Burkina Faso in 2000. The study utilizes samples of 4,568 women who were aged 15-64 at the time of survey. The respondents had provided completed biographic histories on fertility (births), residential movements, marital status, and social-economies activities. Four hypotheses were tested in the study, namely: socialization, selection, disruption, and adaptation. Results of the analysis revealed that the effect of migration and urbanization is strong, both before and after controlling for the effects of certain covariates (i.e. age, cohort, marital and working statuses, education, and duration of residency). Continuously urban residents exhibit fertility rates that are about lower than rural women at every parity, even ...
This study represents one of the study attempts on life course analysis of migration and fertilit... more This study represents one of the study attempts on life course analysis of migration and fertility using biographic data from a developing country. The analyses are based on the exceptional reliable survey data, EMIUB which was conducted in Burkina Faso in 2000. The study utilizes samples of 4,568 women who were aged 15-64 at the time of survey. The respondents had provided completed biographic histories on fertility (births), residential movements, marital status, and social-economies activities. Results of the analysis revealed that four tested hypotheses (i.e. selection, adaptation, disruption, and socialization) robustly emerge in the effect of migration on fertility in Burkina Faso. For socialization effect, the study reveals that those who spent their childhood period extensively in urban areas have lower fertility than those originally from rural areas. Moreover, recent movers to urban areas are more likely to exhibit lower fertility rates (disruption) than their counterparts...
In the last decade, Indigenous enterprises and entrepreneurs have played an increasingly importan... more In the last decade, Indigenous enterprises and entrepreneurs have played an increasingly important role in Australia. This has not always been the case. Historically, Indigenous Australians have been excluded from the broader economy. However, more recently, the number of Indigenous businesses has significantly increased despite the limited access to capital and lower level of education. This chapter provides a historical perspective of Indigenous entrepreneurs in Australia and argues that entrepreneurial leadership development can play a critical role in developing Indigenous entrepreneurship. The historical context of Indigenous Australians is first discussed, and the current status of Indigenous entrepreneurs in Australia is then examined. In particular, we focus on entrepreneurship among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Finally, the importance of entrepreneurial leadership development in the future landscape of Indigenous entrepreneurship in Australia is highlig...
Martin Bell is Professor at the Queensland Centre for Population Research, School of Geography, P... more Martin Bell is Professor at the Queensland Centre for Population Research, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, at the University of Queensland. E-mail: martin.bell@uq.edu.au. ... Salut Muhidin is Postdoctoral Fellow in the ...
Introduction There is a considerable dearth of official metrics for women empowerment, which is p... more Introduction There is a considerable dearth of official metrics for women empowerment, which is pivotal to observe universal progress towards Sustainable Development Goals 5, targeting "achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.” This study aimed to introduce, critically appraise, and summarize the measurement properties of women empowerment scales in sexual and reproductive health. Methods A comprehensive systematic literature search through several international electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Science Direct was performed on September 2020, without a time limit. All studies aimed to develop and validate a measurement of women empowerment in sexual and reproductive health were included. The quality assessment was performed through a rating scale addressing the six criteria, including: a priori explicit theoretical framework, evaluating content validity, internal consistency, and factor analysis to assess structural validity. ...
" One insistent question in recent discussions on the Indonesian diaspora relates to its... more " One insistent question in recent discussions on the Indonesian diaspora relates to its size. In order to answer such a question, this paper aims to stimulate discussions on the estimated size and distribution of the Indonesian diaspora. This discussion paper is structured as follows. First, we outline two problems associated with the large variance of current estimates of the size of the diaspora: its definition and data source. After outlining these various estimates, we explore results from a dataset on the international migrant stock to look at the distribution and the growth of Indonesian-born migrants in recent years. Since the dataset primarily counts target Indonesian-born international migrants only, we then use a case study of detailed tabulations from the 2011 Australian Population Census. Here, we use data on ancestry, country of birth, and language spoken at home, to illustrate how the size of the Indonesian diaspora in Australia may be potentially different to the one estimated using the international migrant stock data. "
In their campaigns, our three presidential candidates have largely concentrated on economic issue... more In their campaigns, our three presidential candidates have largely concentrated on economic issues, including macro and micro economics, but we need to remember that the nation is also facing other no less urgent issues such as the health of the population. It is disappointing that so far the three candidates have only focused a little on their health platforms. Many cases have emerged recently relating to issues of public health. For example, the report on food and drinking water poisoning at some schools resulting from hygiene and sanitation issues. Based on the Yogyakarta-based Gadjah Mada University (UGM) research in 2009, catering services were involved in 65 percent of reported cases of food poisoning, followed by small scale food industries (19 percent) and household foods (16 percent)...
International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2020
CONTEXT Extreme weather events cause large-scale population displacement in Bangladesh. It is imp... more CONTEXT Extreme weather events cause large-scale population displacement in Bangladesh. It is important to know how household displacement due to such events might affect women's antenatal care (ANC) service utilization. METHODS In 2017, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted in 25 rural villages in either displacement prone or non-displacement prone areas of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 611 respondents (a woman or her husband) who reported having had a live birth in the past three years; of those, 289 had experienced household displacement due to an extreme weather event. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between experience of household displacement and women's ANC service utilization during their last pregnancy resulting in a live birth. RESULTS Eighty-three percent of women had received at least one ANC visit during their last pregnancy resulting in a live birth; of those, 31% received at least four visits with a trained provider. Women from households that had been displaced three or more times were less likely than those from nondisplaced households to have received an ANC visit and at least four visits with a trained provider (odds ratios, 0.3 and 0.4, respectively). Receiving at least four visits with a trained provider was also associated with having previous children (0.3-0.4), age at pregnancy (2.5-3.9), husband's occupation (2.2 for "other") and joint parental decision-making about ANC visits (1.8). CONCLUSIONS Strengthening family planning services and extending eligibility for Bangladesh's Maternity Allowance benefits in the areas prone to floods and riverbank erosion are recommended to improve ANC service utilization.
ABSTRACT This paper examines the experiences of people displaced internally by climate-related fa... more ABSTRACT This paper examines the experiences of people displaced internally by climate-related factors in mainland Bangladesh, one of the world's most climate-vulnerable countries. The data derives from a representative survey of 1,200 households drawn equally from displacement-susceptible areas and areas without climate-related displacement. Comparisons are drawn on the basis of four variables: the displaced versus the non-displaced; before displacement versus after displacement; people displaced suddenly versus those displaced gradually; and the frequency of past displacement. The displaced experience multiple disadvantages, including reduced land ownership and reduced access to electricity, sanitary toilets and healthcare services. The disadvantage is greater following sudden displacement and among those who have been displaced multiple times. The impact on the time and cost of accessing healthcare are greater after displacement. The disadvantage of the displaced, thus, is a function of interactions between exposure to natural disaster, impoverishment and lack of access to health services.
South East Queensland is projected to grow by an estimated 1.3 million people over the next 20 ye... more South East Queensland is projected to grow by an estimated 1.3 million people over the next 20 years. To date, much of the debate on how best to respond to this unprecedented rate of growth has focused attention on the need to provide better infrastructure, more housing and to sustain and protect ecosystems and habitats. Less attention has been paid
A recent shift in the Government of Indonesia’s foreign policy outlook has witnessed emerging int... more A recent shift in the Government of Indonesia’s foreign policy outlook has witnessed emerging interests towards the untapped potential of Indonesians abroad. However, academic research on the Indonesian Diaspora remains scant, and at its current stage, the literature suffers from a lack of synergy across the many disciplinary fields. The Indonesia Diaspora Network–Research and Development Discussion Paper Series aim to provide a collection of empirical insights pertinent for any scholarly discussion and future data-driven policy initiatives on the Indonesian Diaspora. We
Short Abstract (149 words).This study represents one of the study attempts on life course analysi... more Short Abstract (149 words).This study represents one of the study attempts on life course analysis of migration and fertility using biographic data from a developing country. The analyses are based on the exceptional reliable survey data, EMIUB which was conducted in Burkina Faso in 2000. The study utilizes samples of 4,568 women who were aged 15-64 at the time of survey. The respondents had provided completed biographic histories on fertility (births), residential movements, marital status, and social-economies activities. Four hypotheses were tested in the study, namely: socialization, selection, disruption, and adaptation. Results of the analysis revealed that the effect of migration and urbanization is strong, both before and after controlling for the effects of certain covariates (i.e. age, cohort, marital and working statuses, education, and duration of residency). Continuously urban residents exhibit fertility rates that are about lower than rural women at every parity, even ...
This study represents one of the study attempts on life course analysis of migration and fertilit... more This study represents one of the study attempts on life course analysis of migration and fertility using biographic data from a developing country. The analyses are based on the exceptional reliable survey data, EMIUB which was conducted in Burkina Faso in 2000. The study utilizes samples of 4,568 women who were aged 15-64 at the time of survey. The respondents had provided completed biographic histories on fertility (births), residential movements, marital status, and social-economies activities. Results of the analysis revealed that four tested hypotheses (i.e. selection, adaptation, disruption, and socialization) robustly emerge in the effect of migration on fertility in Burkina Faso. For socialization effect, the study reveals that those who spent their childhood period extensively in urban areas have lower fertility than those originally from rural areas. Moreover, recent movers to urban areas are more likely to exhibit lower fertility rates (disruption) than their counterparts...
In the last decade, Indigenous enterprises and entrepreneurs have played an increasingly importan... more In the last decade, Indigenous enterprises and entrepreneurs have played an increasingly important role in Australia. This has not always been the case. Historically, Indigenous Australians have been excluded from the broader economy. However, more recently, the number of Indigenous businesses has significantly increased despite the limited access to capital and lower level of education. This chapter provides a historical perspective of Indigenous entrepreneurs in Australia and argues that entrepreneurial leadership development can play a critical role in developing Indigenous entrepreneurship. The historical context of Indigenous Australians is first discussed, and the current status of Indigenous entrepreneurs in Australia is then examined. In particular, we focus on entrepreneurship among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Finally, the importance of entrepreneurial leadership development in the future landscape of Indigenous entrepreneurship in Australia is highlig...
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