Ragnar Lodbrok
Penampilan
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Ragnar Lodbrok atau Lothbrok (Templat:Lang-non, "Ragnar shaggy breeches", Norse kontemporari: Ragnar Loðbrók) adalah seorang hero dan raja lagenda Norse Viking dari Denmark dan Sweden yang diragukan dari segi sejarah[1][2], yang diketahui daripada sajak Norse Tua dan saga dari Zaman Viking. Berdasarkan kesusasteraan tradisional, Ragnar membezakan diri beliau dengan membuat banyak serangan ke atas Francia dan Anglo-Saxon England pada kurun ke-9. Tiada sebarang bukti menunjukan individu wujud dengan menggunakan nama ini dan terkeluar daripada sebarang mitos yang boleh dikaitkan dengan beliau.
Nota kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Magnusson 2008, m/s. 106.
- ^ Harrison 1993, m/s. 16.
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Saxo Grammaticus (1980) [1979]. Davidson, Hilda Roderick Ellis (penyunting). Gesta Danorum [Saxo Grammaticus: The history of the Danes: books I–IX]. 1 & 2. Translated by Peter Fisher. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. Chapter introduction commentaries. ISBN 978-0-85991-502-1.
- Duckett, Eleanor S (1988). Carolingian Portraits: A Study in the Ninth Century. University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-472-06157-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Harrison, Mark (1993). "Viking Hersir 793–1066 AD". Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-318-6. Cite journal requires
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(bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Holman, Katherine (2003). Historical dictionary of the Vikings. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4859-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Jones, Gwyn (2001). A History of the Vikings. Oxford University. ISBN 978-0-19-280134-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kohn, George C. (2006). Dictionary of Wars. ISBN 978-1-4381-2916-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Magnusson, Magnus (2008). The Vikings: Voyagers of Discovery and Plunder. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-340-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Sögubrot af nokkrum fornkonungum. c. 1200.
- Sprague, Martina (2007). Norse Warfare: the Unconventional Battle Strategies of the Ancient Vikings. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-7818-1176-7.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Sawyer, PH (2001). Illustrated History of the Vikings. Oxford University. ISBN 978-0-19-285434-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Bacaan lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- McTurk, Rory (1991). Studies in Ragnars saga loðbrókar and Its Major Scandinavian Analogues. Medium Aevum Monographs. 15. Oxford. ISBN 0-907570-08-9.
- Strerath-Bolz, Ulrike (1993). Review of Rory McTurk, Studies in "Ragnars saga loðbrókar" and Its Major Scandinavian Analogues, Alvíssmál 2: 118–19.
- Forte, Angelo, Richard Oram, and Frederik Pedersen (2005). Viking Empires. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-82992-5.
- Schlauch, Margaret (transl.) (1964). The Saga of the Volsungs: the Saga of Ragnar Lodbrok Together with the Lay of Kraka. New York: American Scandinavian Foundation.
- Waggoner, Ben (2009). The Sagas of Ragnar Lodbrok. The Troth. ISBN 978-0-578-02138-6.
Gelaran pemerintah | ||
---|---|---|
Didahului oleh Sigurd Ring |
Raja Sweden dalam tradisi Norse Barat |
Diikuti oleh: Eysteinn Beli |
Didahului oleh Harald Greyhide |
Raja Denmark | Diikuti oleh: Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye |
Didahului oleh Siwardus Ring |
Raja Denmark dalam Gesta Danorum |
Diikuti oleh: Siwardus III |