Winsor McCay

Winsor McCay
Winsor McCay
	Winsor McCay pada 1906
Kelahiran	Zenas Winsor McKay; s. 1867–1871 atau 26 September 1869; Spring Lake, Michigan, Amerika Syarikat; atau Kanada (dipertikaikan)
Meninggal dunia	Julai 26, 1934; Brooklyn, New York, Amerika Syarikat
Sebab kematian	embolisme serebral
Dikebumikan	Cemetery of the Evergreens, Brooklyn, New York; 40°41′2.0″N 73°54′4.3″W / 40.683889°N 73.901194°W
Pekerjaan	Juruanimasi; Kartunis;
Karya terkenal	Gertie the Dinosaur; Little Nemo;
Pasangan	Maude Leonore McCay (k. 1891–1934)
Anak-anak	Robert Winsor McCay; Marion Elizabeth Moniz;
Ibu bapa	Robert McKay; Janet McKay;
Tandatangan

Zenas Winsor McCay (s. 1867–71 atau September 26, 1869 – Julai 26, 1934) adalah seorang kartunis dan juruanimasi Amerika. Dia terkenal dengan jalur komik Little Nemo (1905–14; 1924–26) dan filem animasi Gertie the Dinosaur (1914). Atas sebab-sebab kontrak, dia bekerja di bawah nama pena Silas di jalur komik Dream of the Rarebit Fiend.

Karya

Gaya

Hampir dari awal, McCay berinovasi dengan bentuk media pilihannya. Beliau mengubah saiz dan bentuk panel komik untuk kesan dramatik, seperti dalam ansuran kedua Little Nemo (22 Oktober 1905), di mana panel tumbuh untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan hutan cendawan yang semakin meningkat.^[3] Beberapa orang sezaman McCay begitu berani dengan susun atur halaman mereka. George Herriman dengan karyanya Krazy Kat adalah contoh paling ketara, tetapi tidak sampai generasi kemudian kartunis seperti Frank King dengan karyanya Gasoline Alley, Hal Foster dengan Prince Valiant, dan Roy Crane dengan Captain Easy mencuba reka bentuk berani itu pada halaman Ahad mereka.^[4]

McCay bereksperimen dengan unsur-unsur formal jalurnya, seperti ketika beliau meletakkan panel untuk menampung hutan cendawan yang semakin meningkat dalam episod Little Nemo untuk 22 Oktober 1905.^[a]

Lorekan^[5]McCay yang terperinci penguasaan perspektif meningkatkan lagi ilusi dalam lukisannya, terutamanya dalam Little Nemo.^[6] Lorekan gaya ganjilnya yang hebat seperti apa yang disaksikan oleh McCay semasa masanya di Wonderland dan Eden Musee sering muncul dalam kerja McCay.^[7] McCay telah diperhatikan kerana kelajuan dan ketepatan yang boleh dilukiskannya; ramai orang akan berkumpul untuk melihatnya melukis papan iklan.^[8]

Senarai jalur komik

Jalur komik oleh Winsor McCay
Tajuk	Tarikh mula	Tarikh tamat	Nota
A Tale of the Jungle Imps by Felix Fiddle^[9]	Jan 11, 1903^[9]	Nov 9, 1903^[9]	berdasarkan puisi yang ditulis oleh George Randolph Chester^[9]
Mr. Goodenough^[10]	Jan 21, 1904^[10]	Mac 4, 1904^[10]
Sister's Little Sister's Beau^[10]	Apr 24, 1904^[10]	Apr 24, 1904^[10]
Phurious Phinish of Phoolish Philipe's Phunny Phrolics^[10]	Mei 28, 1904^[10]	Mei 28, 1904^[10]
Little Sammy Sneeze^[10]	Jul 24, 1904^[10]	Dis 9, 1906^[10]
Dream of the Rarebit Fiend^[11]	Sep 10, 1904^[11]	Jun 25, 1911^[11]
Dream of the Rarebit Fiend^[11]	Jan 19, 1913^[11]	Ogo 3, 1913^[11]	dihidupkan semula oleh New York Herald, percetakan jalur kiri^[12] dalam warna^[13]
The Story of Hungry Henrietta^[14]	Jan 8, 1905^[14]	Jul 16, 1905^[14]
A Pilgrim's Progress By Mister Bunion^[15]	Jun 26, 1905^[16]	Mei 4, 1909^[17]	muncul dalam New York Evening Telegram^[15]
Little Nemo in Slumberland^[18]	Okt 15, 1905^[18]	Jul 23, 1911^[18]	1911–14 bertajuk In the Land of Wonderful Dreams^[18]
Little Nemo in Slumberland^[18]	Ogo 3, 1924^[19]	Dis 26, 1926^[19]	dimulakan semula selepas McCay kembali ke Herald Tribune^[19]
Poor Jake^[20]	1909^[20]	1911^[20]	muncul dalam New York Evening Telegram^[15]
In the Land of Wonderful Dreams^[18]	Sep 3, 1911^[18]	Dis 26, 1914^[18]	Little Nemo retitled apabila McCay berpindah ke akhbar Hearst^[18]
Rarebit Reveries^[21]	s. 1923^[22]	s. 1925^[22]	hidup semula dari Dream of the Rarebit Fiend^[21] ditandatangan oleh "Robert Winsor McCay Jr.", walaupun ini poaling mungkin karya seni McCay^[21]
Tajuk	Tarikh mula	Tarikh tamat	Nota

Filmografi

Filem oleh Winsor McCay
Tajuk	Tahun	Nota	Fail
Little Nemo^[23]	1911^[23]	juga dikenali sebagai Winsor McCay dan Winsor McCay, Kartunis terkenal N.Y Herald dan Komik bergeraknya^[24]
How a Mosquito Operates	1912^[25]	juga dikenali sebagai The Story Of A Mosquito^[26]
Gertie the Dinosaur	1914^[27]
The Sinking of the Lusitania	1918^[28]
Bug Vaudeville	1921^[29]
The Pet	1921^[30]
The Flying House	1921^[31]
The Centaurs	1921	hanya terselamat dalam serpihan^[31]
Gertie on Tour	s. 1918–21^[32]	hanya terselamat dalam serpihan^[31]
Flip's Circus	s. 1918–21^[32]	hanya terselamat dalam serpihan^[31]
Performing Animals	tidak diketahui	filem nitrat 35mm yang asal tidak terselamat^[33]
Tajuk	Tahun	Nota	Fail

Nota

^ Wikimedia Commons mempunyai fail tersedia untuk jalur penuh.

Rujukan

^ ^a ^b Haverstock, Vance & Meggitt 2000.
^ Fodor 2001.
^ Harvey 1994, m/s. 21.
^ Harvey 1994, m/s. 21–22.
^ Canemaker 2005, m/s. 48.
^ Canemaker 2005, m/s. 31.
^ Canemaker 2005, m/s. 28.
^ Taylor 2005, Introduction.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Canemaker 2005, m/s. 60.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Canemaker 2005, m/s. 75.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Canemaker 2005, m/s. 78.
^ Merkl 2007, m/s. 488.
^ van Opstal 2008.
^ ^a ^b ^c Canemaker 2005, m/s. 92.
^ ^a ^b ^c McKinney 2015, m/s. 1.
^ McKinney 2015, m/s. 2.
^ McKinney 2015, m/s. 11.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Canemaker 2005, m/s. 97.
^ ^a ^b ^c Canemaker 2005, m/s. 229.
^ ^a ^b ^c Canemaker 2005, m/s. 121.
^ ^a ^b ^c Merkl 2007, m/s. 466.
^ ^a ^b Merkl 2007, m/s. 485.
^ ^a ^b Canemaker 2005, m/s. 160.
^ Bukatman 2012, m/s. 109.
^ Bendazzi 1994, m/s. 16.
^ Canemaker 2005, m/s. 164.
^ Crafton 1993, m/s. 110; Canemaker 2005, m/s. 183.
^ Canemaker 2005, m/s. 195.
^ Canemaker 2005, m/s. 197.
^ Canemaker 2005, m/s. 198.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Canemaker 2005, m/s. 197–198.
^ ^a ^b Canemaker 2005, m/s. 194.
^ Canemaker 2005, m/s. 254.

Karya dipetik

Buku

Ault, Donald; Andrae, Thomas; Gong, Stephen (2003). "An Interview with Carl Barks: Duckburg's True Founding Father". Dalam Ault, Donald (penyunting). Carl Barks: Conversations. University Press of Mississippi. m/s. 91–108. ISBN 978-1-57806-501-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Barrier, Michael (2003). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516729-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Beckerman, Howard (2003). Animation: The Whole Story. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58115-301-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Bendazzi, Giannalberto (1994). Cartoons: One Hundred Years of Cinema Animation. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-31168-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Berenbaum, May R. (2009). The Earwig's Tail: A Modern Bestiary of Multi-Legged Legends. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03540-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Bien, Laura (2011). Hidden History of Ypsilanti. The History Press. ISBN 978-1-60949-289-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Bondanella, Peter (2002). The Films of Federico Fellini. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-57573-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) – via Questia (langganan diperlukan)
Bukatman, Scott (2012). The Poetics of Slumberland: Animated Spirits and the Animating Spirit. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-95150-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Canemaker, John (2005). Winsor McCay: His Life and Art (ed. Revised). Abrams Books. ISBN 978-0-8109-5941-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Canwell, Bruce (2009). Mullaney, Dean (penyunting). Bringing Up Father: From Sea to Shining Sea the Cross-Country Tour of 1939–1940. IDW Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60010-508-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Crafton, Donald (1993). Before Mickey: The Animated Film 1898–1928. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226116679.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Dover editors (1973). Dreams of the Rarebit Fiend. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-21347-7.
Gardner, Jared (2012). Projections: Comics and the History of Twenty-First-Century Storytelling. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-8178-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Gutjahr, Paul C.; Benton, Megan L. (2001). Illuminating Letters: Typography and Literary Interpretation. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1-55849-288-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Harvey, Robert C. (1994). The Art of the Funnies: An Aesthetic History. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-0-87805-612-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Haverstock, Mary Sayre; Vance, Jeannette Mahoney; Meggitt, Brian L. (2000). "McCay, Winsor Zenic (1869–1934)". Artists in Ohio, 1787-1900: A Biographical Dictionary. Kent State University Press. m/s. 549. ISBN 978-0-87338-616-6.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Jacobowitz, Susan (2007). "'Words and Pictures Together": An Interview with Art Spiegelman". Dalam Witek, Joseph (penyunting). Art Spiegelman: Conversations. University Press of Mississippi. m/s. 152–162. ISBN 978-1-934110-12-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Jamieson, Dave (2010). Mint Condition: How Baseball Cards Became an American Obsession. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-1939-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Kundert-Gibbs, John; Kundert-Gibbs, Kristin (2009). Action!: Acting Lessons for CG Animators. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-59605-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Merkl, Ulrich (2007). The Complete Dream of the Rarebit Fiend (1904-1913) by Winsor McCay 'Silas' (.doc). Catalog of episodes & text of the book: Ulrich Merkl. ISBN 978-3-00-020751-8.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) (on included DVD)
Nel, Philip (2005). Dr. Seuss: American Icon. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-1708-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Sito, Tom (2006). Drawing the Line: The Untold Story of the Animation Unions from Bosko to Bart Simpson. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-2407-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Stabile, Carol A.; Harrison, Mark (2003). Prime Time Animation: Television Animation and American Culture. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-28326-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Telotte, J. P. (2010). Animating Space: From Mickey to Wall-E. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-2586-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Sabin, Roger (1993). Adult Comics: An Introduction. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-04419-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Smolderen, Thierry (2014). The Origins of Comics: From William Hogarth to Winsor McCay. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-61703-149-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Taylor, Constance, penyunting (2005). Winsor McCay: Early Works. VI. Checker Book Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-9753808-3-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Taylor, Jeremy (2007). "Some archetypal symbolic aspects of Dream of the Rarebit Fiend". Dalam Merkl, Ulrich (penyunting). The Complete Dream of the Rarebit Fiend (1904-1913) by Winsor McCay 'Silas' (.doc). Catalog of episodes & text of the book: Ulrich Merkl. m/s. 552–561. ISBN 978-3-00-020751-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) (on included DVD)
Waugh, Coulton (1947). The Comics. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-0-87805-499-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Wells, Paul (2006). The Fundamentals of Animation. AVA Publishing. ISBN 978-2-940373-02-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Winokur, Mark (2012). "Creole Cartoons". Dalam Kessel, Martina; Merziger, Patrick (penyunting). The Politics of Humour: Laughter, Inclusion, and Exclusion in the Twentieth Century. University of Toronto Press. m/s. 52–81. ISBN 978-1-4426-4292-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Majalah dan jurnal

Heer, Jeet (2006). "Little Nemo in Comicsland". Virginia Quarterly Review. University of Virginia. 82 (2): 104–121. ISSN 2154-6932.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
McKinney, Kirsten (July 2015). "The Waking Life of Winsor McCay: Social Commentary in A Pilgrim's Progress by Mr. Bunion". International Journal of Comic Art. 17 (1).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Shannon, Edward A. (2010). "Something Black in the American Psyche: Formal Innovation and Freudian Imagery in the Comics of Winsor McCay and Robert Crumb". Canadian Review of American Studies. 40 (2): 187–211. doi:10.3138/cras.40.2.187. ISSN 1710-114X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Spencer, David R. (2005). "The Cartoon Research Library at Ohio State University". Journalism History. 31 (1).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Surat khabar

Heer, Jeet (2006-01-08). "The Dream Artist". The Boston Globe. Dicapai pada 2012-06-25.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Hubbard, Amy (2012-10-15). "Celebrating Little Nemo by Winsor McCay; his 'demons' made him do it". Los Angeles Times. Dicapai pada 2012-12-15.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
"The Cartoonist Group: Background About Winsor McCay".
Syracuse Herald staff (1934-07-27). "Winsor M'Cay Early Comic Artist, Dies". Syracuse Herald. m/s. 12.

Laman web

Dixon, Gretchen (2008-07-26). "Winsor McCay Award Recipients Announced at Comic Con, San Diego". Reuters. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-12-03. Dicapai pada 2013-11-30.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Fodor, Joe (2001-01-30). "Winsor McCay". Find a Grave. Dicapai pada 2012-12-18.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon staff (2002-01-26). "Zenas Winsor McCay". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. Dicapai pada 2012-12-10.
Heller, Steven (2007-11-13). "The Rarebit Fiend Dreams On: An Interview with Ulrich Merkl". AIGA. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2015-05-10. Dicapai pada 2012-06-25. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Markstein, Don (2007). "Dream of the Rarebit Fiend". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Dicapai pada 2012-06-25.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
van Opstal, Huib (January 2008). "Dreams and Obsessions on Shelf and Screen". For Inspiration Only. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-04-29. Dicapai pada 2012-09-04. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Young, James E. (2000). "Art Spiegelman's Maus and the After-Images of History". The New York Times. Dicapai pada 2012-07-04. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Bacaan lanjut

Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang Winsor McCay di Wikipedia:
	Imej dan media dari Commons

Bracero, Rocky (2008). Winsor McCay: Illustrator Turned Animator and His Influence on Pixar. Fashion Institute of Technology.
Braun, Alexander (2014). Winsor McCay. The Complete Little Nemo. Taschen. ISBN 978-3-8365-4511-2.
Collier, Kevin Scott (2015). Growing Up McKay: The Untold Story of Winsor McCay's Life and Times in Spring Lake, Michigan, 1867 - 1885. Book Patch Publishing. ISBN 978-15-1929-424-1.
Maltin, Leonard (1987). Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons; Revised and Updated. Plume Books. ISBN 0-452-25993-2.
Marschall, Rick (April 1986). "Penmen of the Past: Winsor McCay". Nemo. Fantagraphics Books (18): 34–43.
McCay, Winsor (1983). Marschall, Richard (penyunting). "In His Own Words: Winsor McCay on Life, Art, Animation and the Danger of Greasy Foods". Nemo. Fantagraphics Books (3): 34–40. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |journal= (bantuan)
"Cartoon Library Acquires McCay Collection" (PDF). University Libraries New Notes. Ohio State University. 2006-06-01.

Templat:Winsor McCay navbox Templat:Society of Illustrators' Hall of Fame

[5] Wikimedia Commons mempunyai fail tersedia untuk jalur penuh.

[FOOTNOTEHaverstockVanceMeggitt2000-1] Haverstock, Vance & Meggitt 2000.

[FOOTNOTEFodor2001-2] Fodor 2001.

[FOOTNOTEHarvey199421-3] Harvey 1994, m/s. 21.

[FOOTNOTEHarvey199421–22-4] Harvey 1994, m/s. 21–22.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker200548-6] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 48.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker200531-7] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 31.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker200528-8] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 28.

[FOOTNOTETaylor2005Introduction-9] Taylor 2005, Introduction.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker200560-10] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 60.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker200575-11] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Canemaker 2005, m/s. 75.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker200578-12] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 78.

[FOOTNOTEMerkl2007488-13] Merkl 2007, m/s. 488.

[FOOTNOTEvan_Opstal2008-14] van Opstal 2008.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker200592-15] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 92.

[FOOTNOTEMcKinney20151-16] McKinney 2015, m/s. 1.

[FOOTNOTEMcKinney20152-17] McKinney 2015, m/s. 2.

[FOOTNOTEMcKinney201511-18] McKinney 2015, m/s. 11.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker200597-19] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Canemaker 2005, m/s. 97.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker2005229-20] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 229.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker2005121-21] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 121.

[FOOTNOTEMerkl2007466-22] Merkl 2007, m/s. 466.

[FOOTNOTEMerkl2007485-23] Merkl 2007, m/s. 485.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker2005160-24] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 160.

[FOOTNOTEBukatman2012109-25] Bukatman 2012, m/s. 109.

[FOOTNOTEBendazzi199416-26] Bendazzi 1994, m/s. 16.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker2005164-27] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 164.

[FOOTNOTECrafton1993110Canemaker2005183-28] Crafton 1993, m/s. 110; Canemaker 2005, m/s. 183.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker2005195-29] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 195.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker2005197-30] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 197.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker2005198-31] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 198.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker2005197–198-32] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 197–198.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker2005194-33] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 194.

[FOOTNOTECanemaker2005254-34] Canemaker 2005, m/s. 254.

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Kawalan kewibawaan
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