Csilla Zatykó
Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Archaeological Institute, Faculty Member
- Landscape Archaeology, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Water History, Historical Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, Geoarchaeology, and 24 moreHistorical Geography, Archaeological Fieldwork, Spatial archaeology, Archaeological Excavation, Archaeology, Medieval Studies, Medieval Hungary, Environmental History, Aerial Archaeology, Climate Change, Settlement Patterns, Archaeological Method & Theory, Medieval rural settlement, Environmental Archaeology, Landscape History, Landscape and Land-use-history, Historical Climatology, Roman roads, Early Modern Hungarian History, Climate history, Medieval roads, Medieval History, Archaeological GIS, and Hungarian Archaeologyedit
- http://ri.btk.mta.hu/en/staff/userprofile/zatyko_csillaedit
This article problematizes the question of how the household can be used as an analytical unit for interpreting past social dynamics of rural life in medieval Hungary. It focuses on issues of social hierarchy and the complexity of village... more
This article problematizes the question of how the household can be used as an analytical unit for interpreting past social dynamics of rural life in medieval Hungary. It focuses on issues of social hierarchy and the complexity of village communities, discussing both the material and nonmaterial aspects of peasant and lesser nobility households. Considering the current state of research in Hungary, investigations on household archaeology are yet to discover the paths to more nuanced interpretations of problems traditionally within the scope of this field of research. The socio-economic status of household owners is often reflected by the richness of material finds, particularly import objects, or specific types of finds, while we can also rely on historical documents in order to interpret archaeological evidence in this context. However, the lifestyles of peasantry and lesser nobility were not necessarily distinctive as reflected by archaeological materials, thus, the dichotomy of the wealthy and poor status of households is not a suitable indicator of legal/social statuses. Based on the archaeological evidences, usually it is possible to draw conclusions on the general living conditions of individual households in rural settlements, but, in most cases it is highly problematic to directly connect or interpret any type of find material as a sole indicator when defining the legal status of inhabitants. On the other hand, the structural organization of village space should be also considered, when approaching this problem: the size and position of the household tofts have been also studied in connection to their legal-social status. The paper attempts to look at broader socio-economic trends, exploring how they could have influenced the material dimensions of rural life, focusing on the aforementioned social groups.
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The landscape archaeological and environmental historical approaches of research questions are very widespread phenomena in archaeological studies all over the world, and is not at all unusual in Hungarian research either. Yet, one can... more
The landscape archaeological and environmental historical approaches of research questions are very widespread phenomena in archaeological studies all over the world, and is not at all unusual in Hungarian research either. Yet, one can often meet with ambiguous use of terminology related to the subject of man and landscape interaction. Frequently, it is not clear whether the term of landscape archaeology means an accurate methodology, a rather general approach or perhaps just a trendy concept of archaeological discussions. The aim of this paper is to look at why and how the discipline of landscape archaeology developed, what scientific needs brought it to life, what concepts were born, and what transformations they underwent over time. What is the difference between environmental archeology and landscape archeology, or how does landscape approach view the landscape itself, how does it relate to the concepts of regionality, settlement and archaeological site. As the origins of Hungarian landscape studies are rooted in several disciplines and was
inspired by different directions of archaeological research, the study discusses the influences of large-scale excavations, regional studies and archeological topography as well. It presents the sources and basic methods of landscape archaeology, and touches upon the conceptual and thematic characteristics of landscape approaches of different archaeological periods.
inspired by different directions of archaeological research, the study discusses the influences of large-scale excavations, regional studies and archeological topography as well. It presents the sources and basic methods of landscape archaeology, and touches upon the conceptual and thematic characteristics of landscape approaches of different archaeological periods.
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The development of interdependence between human communities and natural environment is a global strategic issue determining the lives of coming generations. The planned research intends to contribute to a deeper understanding of this... more
The development of interdependence between human communities and natural environment is a global strategic issue determining the lives of coming generations. The planned research intends to contribute to a deeper understanding of this dynamic process by reconstructing the environmental image of three study areas along the Körös River prior to river regulations or in the Middle Ages, and by examining the communities' settlements and lifestyles adapting to or exploiting the landscape around them. The planned research answers these questions by interconnecting several disciplines and by renewing twenty-to thirty-year old archaeological datasets with state-of-the-art methods of archaeological prospection and field survey analysis.
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Az ember és a természeti környezet kölcsönösen egymásra ható kapcsolatának alakulása napjaink globális stratégiai kérdése. A tervezett kutatás ennek a dinamikus folyamatnak a múltbéli megértését célozza három Körös-menti mintaterület... more
Az ember és a természeti környezet kölcsönösen egymásra ható kapcsolatának alakulása napjaink globális stratégiai kérdése. A tervezett kutatás ennek a dinamikus folyamatnak a múltbéli megértését célozza három Körös-menti mintaterület középkori, folyószabályozások előtti környezeti viszonyainak rekonstruálásával, valamint az itt élő közösségek tájhoz alkalmazkodó vagy éppen annak erőforrásait felhasználó életmódjának, településeinek vizsgálatával. A kutatás fontos célja továbbá, hogy a feltett kérdésekre a választ több tudományág együttműködésével és a korábbi hagyományos régészeti topográfiai adatgyűjtéseket modern, hatékony kutatási technikákkal megújító alkalmazásokkal kiegészítve keresse.
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The present study outlines the most important results of the aerial archaeological prospection surveys conducted by Zsuzsa Miklós (1948-2014) in South Transdanubia, with special regard to the fortifications, settlements, and landscapes... more
The present study outlines the most important results of the aerial archaeological prospection surveys conducted by Zsuzsa Miklós (1948-2014) in South Transdanubia, with special regard to the fortifications, settlements, and landscapes along the Drava photographed between 2008 and 2013. This is a completed and edited version of the paper left to us from 2014. KEYWORDS Aerial archaeology, South Transdanubia, Drava region, archaeology of the Middle Ages and the Ottoman period in Hungary Zsuzsa Miklós (1948-2014), as a senior research fellow at the Institute of Archaeology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and then of the Research Centre for the Humanities of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, was one of the most renowned practitioners of aerial photography for archaeological purposes in Hungary. Her study written as part of a research project carried out in South Transdanubia remained unfinished due to her untimely death. Her colleagues, the members of the project team, pay tribute to her memory by making minor additions to the paper and getting it ready for publication.
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Pigs are not considered typical animals for transhumance, but in some regions of the Carpathian Basin they were herded over extensive distances from the onset of autumn to the time of the first snow or even to the spring. From the 11th to... more
Pigs are not considered typical animals for transhumance, but in some regions of the Carpathian Basin they were herded over extensive distances from the onset of autumn to the time of the first snow or even to the spring. From the 11th to the 19th century, when corn was the primary forage for pigs, grazing in the woodlands, especially of oak mast, was a significant part of animal husbandry in Hungary. The practice of pannage often led to the establishment of structures and buildings used seasonally during the autumn or even wintertime. Although there is no archaeological evidence of these settlements from the medieval period in Hungary, various aspects of medieval pannage can be deduced from zooarchaeological, palaeobotanical, historical, and ethnographical data. While discussing the multi- component phenomenon of pannage as a seasonal practice in medieval and early modern Hungary, this chapter will show how the results of different disciplines, taking aspects such as animals, forest, people, and tradition into account, can be used to develop archaeological research into this neglected field.
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The Drava valley has numerous unique features as a historical and geographical region. The fullest possible understanding of its characteristics is a task for us in the present and the future. In our study, we present the results of... more
The Drava valley has numerous unique features as a historical and geographical region. The fullest possible understanding of its characteristics is a task for us in the present and the future. In our study, we present the results of research carried out in three different areas that not only geographically characterize certain parts of the Drava valley, but the research methods employed also highlight important aspects of the region's castles, as well as its settlement and environmental history as reflected by the available resources. The results of historical, archaeological and scientific studies demonstrate that the river not only separates but also connects. It joins regions and communities and is a dominant feature in the region from this aspect as well.
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In: Kovács, Gyöngyi – Zatykó, Csilla (eds.): “Per sylvam et per lacus nimios” The Medieval and Ottoman Period in Southern Transdanubia, Southwest Hungary: the Contribution of the Natural Sciences. Budapest, 2016, 9–11.
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Research Interests: Zooarchaeology, Aerial Archaeology, Environmental History, Ottoman Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, and 10 moreOttoman Studies, Ottoman Balkans, Medieval Pottery, Ceramics and medieval rural settlements (Archaeology), Archaeology of Hungary, Interdisciplinary Studies, Underwater Archaeology, Aerial Photography, Ottoman Castle, and Drava River
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The paper is a short summary of the main archaeological outcomes of an interdisciplinary project in a section of the Drava river crossing the territory of Somogy county, in Hungary. One of the study areas is the vicinity of Berzence where... more
The paper is a short summary of the main archaeological outcomes of an interdisciplinary project in a section of the Drava river crossing the territory of Somogy county, in Hungary. One of the study areas is the vicinity of Berzence where medieval settlement patterns, land use and economy have been reconstructed on the basis of historical sources and an archaeological field survey. A comprehensive review of architectural history and material culture of the Ottoman Period stronghold in Barcs was the other area under investigation. Research there was based on written sources and the archaeological assemblage recovered from the palisaded fort. Zooarchaeological research at this site revealed some significant culture historical aspects of this stronghold. Underwater archaeological investigations carried out in the Drava river itself and aerial exploration of the study areas also supplied valuable archaeological results.
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"Zusammenfassung In dieser Abhandlung sind die variationsreichen Formen des Fischfanges in verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen und räumlichen Kontexten des mittelalterlichen Ungarns, wie der Störfang an der Donau und das Anlegen... more
"Zusammenfassung
In dieser Abhandlung sind die variationsreichen Formen des Fischfanges in verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen und räumlichen Kontexten des mittelalterlichen Ungarns, wie der Störfang an der Donau und das Anlegen klösterlicher Fischteiche sowie die Anwendung Fischwehre in den toten Flussarmen, behandelt.
Vor der Flussregulierung im 19. Jh. standen bedeutende Territorien entlang der großen Flüsse in Ungarn ständig oder zeitweilig unter Wasser und wurden für Fischfang benutzt. In diesem Aufsatz wird ein laufendes Projekt über die Forschung des Überschwemmungsgebietes der Drau auch erfasst, wo infolge häu- figer Flusslaufänderungen unzählige Altarme gebildet sind. Die Ergebnisse der archäologischen Geländebegehungen mit den Angaben des schriftlichen Quellen- materials und der historischen Karten kombinierend, bezweckt diese Studie die Skizzierung der Feuchtgebiet-Fischfang-Interaktion auf die Besiedlungsstrategie dieses Raumes.
In dieser Abhandlung sind die variationsreichen Formen des Fischfanges in verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen und räumlichen Kontexten des mittelalterlichen Ungarns, wie der Störfang an der Donau und das Anlegen klösterlicher Fischteiche sowie die Anwendung Fischwehre in den toten Flussarmen, behandelt.
Vor der Flussregulierung im 19. Jh. standen bedeutende Territorien entlang der großen Flüsse in Ungarn ständig oder zeitweilig unter Wasser und wurden für Fischfang benutzt. In diesem Aufsatz wird ein laufendes Projekt über die Forschung des Überschwemmungsgebietes der Drau auch erfasst, wo infolge häu- figer Flusslaufänderungen unzählige Altarme gebildet sind. Die Ergebnisse der archäologischen Geländebegehungen mit den Angaben des schriftlichen Quellen- materials und der historischen Karten kombinierend, bezweckt diese Studie die Skizzierung der Feuchtgebiet-Fischfang-Interaktion auf die Besiedlungsstrategie dieses Raumes.
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Abstract Despite the increasing research by Hungarian experts on certain fields of medieval landscape (land usage, climate and woodland studies), the local environmental studies achieved by geoarchaeological methods are nearly lacking in... more
Abstract
Despite the increasing research by Hungarian experts on certain fields of medieval landscape (land usage, climate and woodland studies), the local environmental studies achieved by geoarchaeological methods are nearly lacking in medieval environmental research. Accordingly, one of the purposes of the present study was to demonstrate the work of palaeoenvironmental investigations (pollen, macrofossil, mollusca, sediment study) completed on medieval sites of Hungary. Another aim was to put the reconstructed landscape elements, the anthropogenic impacts and their changes to the context of the settlement strategies and landscape usages of the given regions. We pay special attention to the settlement nucleation process in the 13th to 14th centuries with its traces in the landscape and to the connection with climate and vegetation changes.
Geoarchaeological investigation and environmental reconstruction were conducted in two lakes located in marginal territory of medieval villages and belonging to different regions: Lake Baláta in county Somogy, Transdanubia and Lake Nádas near Nagybárkány in the Cserhát Mountains. Besides the results in presenting some similarities and differences in the local strategies in adopting and using marginal landscapes, this project will also contribute to future research in Hungary on similar topics.""
Despite the increasing research by Hungarian experts on certain fields of medieval landscape (land usage, climate and woodland studies), the local environmental studies achieved by geoarchaeological methods are nearly lacking in medieval environmental research. Accordingly, one of the purposes of the present study was to demonstrate the work of palaeoenvironmental investigations (pollen, macrofossil, mollusca, sediment study) completed on medieval sites of Hungary. Another aim was to put the reconstructed landscape elements, the anthropogenic impacts and their changes to the context of the settlement strategies and landscape usages of the given regions. We pay special attention to the settlement nucleation process in the 13th to 14th centuries with its traces in the landscape and to the connection with climate and vegetation changes.
Geoarchaeological investigation and environmental reconstruction were conducted in two lakes located in marginal territory of medieval villages and belonging to different regions: Lake Baláta in county Somogy, Transdanubia and Lake Nádas near Nagybárkány in the Cserhát Mountains. Besides the results in presenting some similarities and differences in the local strategies in adopting and using marginal landscapes, this project will also contribute to future research in Hungary on similar topics.""
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—Three programs of medieval environmental history research of fourteen sites was undertaken between 1998 and 2008 as part of the " Evolution of the Hungarian mires, peats and marshes " , " Environment history of Hungary " , and "... more
—Three programs of medieval environmental history research of fourteen sites was undertaken between 1998 and 2008 as part of the " Evolution of the Hungarian mires, peats and marshes " , " Environment history of Hungary " , and " Geoarcheological investigations of Hungary " projects. This present study was to demonstrate the facilities of paleoecological and paleoclimatological investigations (pollen, macrofossil, sediment works) completed on the core sequence of the Nádas Lake at Nagybárkány (Hungary). The Nádas Lake at Nagybárkány is a small peat-bog in the eastern Cserhát Mountains. The formation of the lake can be traced back to the late Glacial. The sediments deposited in the lakebed provide a record of climatic and hydrologic changes. A higher water level could be demonstrated from the late Glacial to the mid-Holocene, when the reed-beds covered a small area only. This was followed by a hiatus spanning about 5000 years, caused by the deepening of the lakebed during the Imperial Age, around 20 –50 AD. The water level decreased and the water quality was more eutrophic. A reed-bed evolved around the lake. Paludification started with a bulrush floating mat phase at the close of the Middle Age, ca. 1300 AD. The initiation of the Sphagnum-bog underwent similar phases as in the other Hungarian peat-bogs. Although some anthropogenic disturbances can be reconstructed in the development of the peatland, some climatic effects and authogenic processes might be separated by paleoecological analyses.
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As President of the RURALIA assossiation I like to present the Program, Abstract Book . For further information and the published conference papers see: ruralia.cz
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A magyarországi tájrégészeti kutatások első konferenciájának absztrakt kötete. A konferencia időpontja: 2017. november 6-7. Helyszín: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Humán Tudományok Kutatóháza 1097 Budapest, Tóth Kálmán utca 4. Előadások és... more
A magyarországi tájrégészeti kutatások első konferenciájának absztrakt kötete.
A konferencia időpontja: 2017. november 6-7.
Helyszín: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Humán Tudományok Kutatóháza
1097 Budapest, Tóth Kálmán utca 4.
Előadások és poszterek az alábbi témák szerint kerültek bemutatásra:
- Település és táj
- Környezetrégészet
- Szimbolikus táj
- Tájhasználat
- Kommunikáció, hálózatok
A tájrégészet módszerei
A konferencia időpontja: 2017. november 6-7.
Helyszín: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Humán Tudományok Kutatóháza
1097 Budapest, Tóth Kálmán utca 4.
Előadások és poszterek az alábbi témák szerint kerültek bemutatásra:
- Település és táj
- Környezetrégészet
- Szimbolikus táj
- Tájhasználat
- Kommunikáció, hálózatok
A tájrégészet módszerei