Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) provides an infrastructure for the implementation ... more Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) provides an infrastructure for the implementation of a range of integrated photonic modulators, devices and circuits that have the potential to replace the state-of-the-art commercial optical modulators in long-haul communications. An important property of modulators when amplitude modulation is used is their chirp because it affects the effective transmission distance in long-haul optical fiber systems. In this paper we analyze, by the use of simulation, the chirp of CMOS microring modulators operating in the three possible coupling regions named over-coupled, hybrid-coupled, and under-coupled. We used a method that measures the small-signal frequency response of a light emitter, a modulator, a dispersive medium and a light receiver. To quantify the chirp for the large-signal modulation we used the on/off α-parameter calculation, the method is easy, quick, and accurate in calculating the chirp parameter. The numerical results at a wavelength of 1545.3 nm indicate an effective chirp parameter in the range of −2.2 to −0.4 when the ring is over-coupled, when the ring is hybrid-coupled the chirp is 0.63, and when the ring is under-coupled the chirp is in the range of 1.2 to 2.
OFC 2001. Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit. Technical Digest Postconference Edition (IEEE Cat. 01CH37171), 2001
We report on the successful integration of a large optical networking field trial supporting all-... more We report on the successful integration of a large optical networking field trial supporting all-optical, 2R-regenerated, managed connection at 10 Gbit/s for the first time in the field, advanced protection switching schemes, and services demonstrations.
Currently, silicon photonics has emerged as feasible solution to develop novel and efficient devi... more Currently, silicon photonics has emerged as feasible solution to develop novel and efficient devices, to substitute those electronic components in telecommunications and computer devices that have reached their physical limits in terms of area, energy, speed and bandwidth, which impact in the total cost of manufacturing. In this paper, a simulation performance evaluation of two small splitters/combiners are presented, where their corresponding size is about 1.55μ m and 1.38μm with a 450nm of waveguide width, by taking care about the manufacturing rules. The performance of these devices are compared against to a modified version of one of the smallest splitters/combiners that exist nowadays in the literature.
ABSTRACT We present a self-adaptive framework to process lightpath requests on a packet switching... more ABSTRACT We present a self-adaptive framework to process lightpath requests on a packet switching optical network. Our framework takes care of issues regarding lightpath setting up, resource reservation and load balancing. The framework is composed of a dimensioning phase that adds up new resources to an initial topology and a learning phase that provides routing intelligence to efficiently use the dimensioned resources. The proposed framework is tested on a realistic topology achieving a probability of packet loss of 1×10-4.
We analyze the performance of an optical packet switch with partially shared buffers and we show ... more We analyze the performance of an optical packet switch with partially shared buffers and we show that dimensioning of the switch predominantly depends on the number of packets that need to be buffered.
ABSTRACT A novel low-cost photonic PON-to-RoF bridge is presented, allowing simultaneous wireline... more ABSTRACT A novel low-cost photonic PON-to-RoF bridge is presented, allowing simultaneous wireline and wireless multi-Gbps data transmission with minor impact on deployed PON networks. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme does not require narrow-linewidth lasers when envelope detector mobile terminals are used, since the transmission performance is not limited by the phase noise but by the RIN and the frequency difference between the two beating lasers.
The increased data traffic experienced today and the projected increase in the data traffic in th... more The increased data traffic experienced today and the projected increase in the data traffic in the future demand exploration of novel approaches to IP transport such as transport of IP traffic over optics. The bimodal nature of the IP traffic short packets which are typical of transactional-style flows and large packets or bursts which are encountered in the transport of large data blocks requires, design of routers that are capable of routing packets with variable lengths efficiently. In this paper, we discuss the design aspects of such all-optical IP-switches. The broadcast and select architecture is a prime candidate for implementing optical IP routers. Construction of optical routers with buffering, wavelength conversion and multipath routing are considered. The merits and demerits of all these cases and the effect of buffer size, wavelength conversion and multiple-path routing on the blocking probability and probability of packet loss are discussed.
Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, Jun 21, 2017
High-speed demand driven by bandwidthconsuming applications, such as video streaming and cloud co... more High-speed demand driven by bandwidthconsuming applications, such as video streaming and cloud computing, is exceeding available network capacity, forcing operators to implement innovative technologies to increase the throughput offered to end users. In particular, passive optical networks (PONs) with a full-duplex capacity of 10 Gb/s over a 40-km span are expected to be developed shortly. However, the range of such systems is severely penalized due to fiber and splitter losses. To increase the transmission distance of PONs, coherent optical (CO) communications have regained attention. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been proposed as a modulation format due to its robustness to chromatic dispersion, high spectral efficiency, and flexibility. The high peak-to-average ratio of OFDM signals, however, makes them very vulnerable to fiber nonlinear distortion. In this paper, we propose what we believe is a novel, lowcomplexity equalizer based on the inverse Hammerstein model to partially compensate for the nonlinear distortion in CO-OFDM PONs. Numerical simulations using the splitstep Fourier transform method reveal a potential link increase of 20 and 5 km for bit rates of 10 and 40 Gb/s, respectively, when compared to linear equalization.
We have proposed a bifurcated approach to channel assignment in interconnected metro-rings and ar... more We have proposed a bifurcated approach to channel assignment in interconnected metro-rings and are able to reduce the net kind of transponder cards needed for dynamic traffic requests. We have compared different tunable cards and estimated a relation for economical optimized tunability for a given number of wavelengths and see that the optimized transponder need not have tunability greater than λmax/10 for optimized throughput and blocking probability.
We have compared by numerical simulations the performance of NRZ, CS-RZ and IM-DPSK modulation fo... more We have compared by numerical simulations the performance of NRZ, CS-RZ and IM-DPSK modulation formats for 480 km of 40 channels WDM transmission with SMF and NZ-DSF fibers. IM-DPSK has shown the best tolerance to non-linear effects and dispersion for the both types of fibers. IM-DPSK is an extremely attractive format for long-haul 40 Gbit/s WDM systems
We demonstrate the insensitivity of the envelope detection based mobile terminal to phase fluctua... more We demonstrate the insensitivity of the envelope detection based mobile terminal to phase fluctuations of the RF signal. This property enables the generation of radio over fiber (RoF) signals heterodyning non-narrow linewidth laser signals and using direct modulation. We report the experimental generation of up to 2-Gb/s orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals and their transmission over a 25-km long fiber span using direct modulation and DFB lasers with a combined linewidth of 2.1 MHz with a resulting BER below 10 −3 .
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Feb 1, 2014
Optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers has attracted significant attention due to its ... more Optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers has attracted significant attention due to its applications in laser analysis, modulation characteristic enhancement, and nonlinear dynamics. In many cases, the analysis of the optically injected laser is done by simulation, requiring an accurate laser model and, therefore, an adequate modeling of the gain compression at high photon densities. We use the Kobayashi-Lang rate equations to numerically compare the stable locking range considering four different gain models. Results reveal that at low bias currents, gain compression is significant only under weak injection regime. In contrast, for higher bias current, gain compression must be considered both in weak and strong injection regimes.
Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) provides an infrastructure for the implementation ... more Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) provides an infrastructure for the implementation of a range of integrated photonic modulators, devices and circuits that have the potential to replace the state-of-the-art commercial optical modulators in long-haul communications. An important property of modulators when amplitude modulation is used is their chirp because it affects the effective transmission distance in long-haul optical fiber systems. In this paper we analyze, by the use of simulation, the chirp of CMOS microring modulators operating in the three possible coupling regions named over-coupled, hybrid-coupled, and under-coupled. We used a method that measures the small-signal frequency response of a light emitter, a modulator, a dispersive medium and a light receiver. To quantify the chirp for the large-signal modulation we used the on/off α-parameter calculation, the method is easy, quick, and accurate in calculating the chirp parameter. The numerical results at a wavelength of 1545.3 nm indicate an effective chirp parameter in the range of −2.2 to −0.4 when the ring is over-coupled, when the ring is hybrid-coupled the chirp is 0.63, and when the ring is under-coupled the chirp is in the range of 1.2 to 2.
OFC 2001. Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit. Technical Digest Postconference Edition (IEEE Cat. 01CH37171), 2001
We report on the successful integration of a large optical networking field trial supporting all-... more We report on the successful integration of a large optical networking field trial supporting all-optical, 2R-regenerated, managed connection at 10 Gbit/s for the first time in the field, advanced protection switching schemes, and services demonstrations.
Currently, silicon photonics has emerged as feasible solution to develop novel and efficient devi... more Currently, silicon photonics has emerged as feasible solution to develop novel and efficient devices, to substitute those electronic components in telecommunications and computer devices that have reached their physical limits in terms of area, energy, speed and bandwidth, which impact in the total cost of manufacturing. In this paper, a simulation performance evaluation of two small splitters/combiners are presented, where their corresponding size is about 1.55μ m and 1.38μm with a 450nm of waveguide width, by taking care about the manufacturing rules. The performance of these devices are compared against to a modified version of one of the smallest splitters/combiners that exist nowadays in the literature.
ABSTRACT We present a self-adaptive framework to process lightpath requests on a packet switching... more ABSTRACT We present a self-adaptive framework to process lightpath requests on a packet switching optical network. Our framework takes care of issues regarding lightpath setting up, resource reservation and load balancing. The framework is composed of a dimensioning phase that adds up new resources to an initial topology and a learning phase that provides routing intelligence to efficiently use the dimensioned resources. The proposed framework is tested on a realistic topology achieving a probability of packet loss of 1×10-4.
We analyze the performance of an optical packet switch with partially shared buffers and we show ... more We analyze the performance of an optical packet switch with partially shared buffers and we show that dimensioning of the switch predominantly depends on the number of packets that need to be buffered.
ABSTRACT A novel low-cost photonic PON-to-RoF bridge is presented, allowing simultaneous wireline... more ABSTRACT A novel low-cost photonic PON-to-RoF bridge is presented, allowing simultaneous wireline and wireless multi-Gbps data transmission with minor impact on deployed PON networks. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme does not require narrow-linewidth lasers when envelope detector mobile terminals are used, since the transmission performance is not limited by the phase noise but by the RIN and the frequency difference between the two beating lasers.
The increased data traffic experienced today and the projected increase in the data traffic in th... more The increased data traffic experienced today and the projected increase in the data traffic in the future demand exploration of novel approaches to IP transport such as transport of IP traffic over optics. The bimodal nature of the IP traffic short packets which are typical of transactional-style flows and large packets or bursts which are encountered in the transport of large data blocks requires, design of routers that are capable of routing packets with variable lengths efficiently. In this paper, we discuss the design aspects of such all-optical IP-switches. The broadcast and select architecture is a prime candidate for implementing optical IP routers. Construction of optical routers with buffering, wavelength conversion and multipath routing are considered. The merits and demerits of all these cases and the effect of buffer size, wavelength conversion and multiple-path routing on the blocking probability and probability of packet loss are discussed.
Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, Jun 21, 2017
High-speed demand driven by bandwidthconsuming applications, such as video streaming and cloud co... more High-speed demand driven by bandwidthconsuming applications, such as video streaming and cloud computing, is exceeding available network capacity, forcing operators to implement innovative technologies to increase the throughput offered to end users. In particular, passive optical networks (PONs) with a full-duplex capacity of 10 Gb/s over a 40-km span are expected to be developed shortly. However, the range of such systems is severely penalized due to fiber and splitter losses. To increase the transmission distance of PONs, coherent optical (CO) communications have regained attention. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been proposed as a modulation format due to its robustness to chromatic dispersion, high spectral efficiency, and flexibility. The high peak-to-average ratio of OFDM signals, however, makes them very vulnerable to fiber nonlinear distortion. In this paper, we propose what we believe is a novel, lowcomplexity equalizer based on the inverse Hammerstein model to partially compensate for the nonlinear distortion in CO-OFDM PONs. Numerical simulations using the splitstep Fourier transform method reveal a potential link increase of 20 and 5 km for bit rates of 10 and 40 Gb/s, respectively, when compared to linear equalization.
We have proposed a bifurcated approach to channel assignment in interconnected metro-rings and ar... more We have proposed a bifurcated approach to channel assignment in interconnected metro-rings and are able to reduce the net kind of transponder cards needed for dynamic traffic requests. We have compared different tunable cards and estimated a relation for economical optimized tunability for a given number of wavelengths and see that the optimized transponder need not have tunability greater than λmax/10 for optimized throughput and blocking probability.
We have compared by numerical simulations the performance of NRZ, CS-RZ and IM-DPSK modulation fo... more We have compared by numerical simulations the performance of NRZ, CS-RZ and IM-DPSK modulation formats for 480 km of 40 channels WDM transmission with SMF and NZ-DSF fibers. IM-DPSK has shown the best tolerance to non-linear effects and dispersion for the both types of fibers. IM-DPSK is an extremely attractive format for long-haul 40 Gbit/s WDM systems
We demonstrate the insensitivity of the envelope detection based mobile terminal to phase fluctua... more We demonstrate the insensitivity of the envelope detection based mobile terminal to phase fluctuations of the RF signal. This property enables the generation of radio over fiber (RoF) signals heterodyning non-narrow linewidth laser signals and using direct modulation. We report the experimental generation of up to 2-Gb/s orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals and their transmission over a 25-km long fiber span using direct modulation and DFB lasers with a combined linewidth of 2.1 MHz with a resulting BER below 10 −3 .
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Feb 1, 2014
Optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers has attracted significant attention due to its ... more Optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers has attracted significant attention due to its applications in laser analysis, modulation characteristic enhancement, and nonlinear dynamics. In many cases, the analysis of the optically injected laser is done by simulation, requiring an accurate laser model and, therefore, an adequate modeling of the gain compression at high photon densities. We use the Kobayashi-Lang rate equations to numerically compare the stable locking range considering four different gain models. Results reveal that at low bias currents, gain compression is significant only under weak injection regime. In contrast, for higher bias current, gain compression must be considered both in weak and strong injection regimes.
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Papers by Gerardo Castanon