My Interest is to learn things and gather knowledge about different researches ,particularly related to field of Architecture. Address: Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan
Debonding of orthodontic brackets is the last step of orthodontic treatment. This step should be ... more Debonding of orthodontic brackets is the last step of orthodontic treatment. This step should be performed carefully and with the best available method. The purpose of this study was to compare the site of bond failure after debonding brackets by debonding plier and crown remover. One hundred sixty newly extracted premolars were bonded with metal brackets and randomly assigned to two study groups (n = 80).In one group brackets were debonded with debonding plier(DR) using base method while in other group brackets were debonded with crown remover(CR). Enamel surface after debonding was subsequently assessed visually for any adhesive remnant and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scoring based on 4 scores from 0 to 3 was applied. The ARI scorings of these two pliers were cross tabulated. The site of bond failure was mostly within the adhesive after debonding with crown remover while it was at enamel adhesive interference after debonding with debonding plier. It was concluded that crown remov...
The aim of this study was to compare the debonding time and pain or discomfort between convention... more The aim of this study was to compare the debonding time and pain or discomfort between conventional mechanical debonding with sonic and ultrasonic debonding of stainless steel brackets. One hundred fifty brackets were debonded at the end of 2 years of comprehensive orthodontic treatment from 12 patients of both sexes of age range between 15-25 years using non probability sampling technique. Mechanical debonding of brackets was done with debonding plier using wing method. Ultrasonic and sonic scalers were used to debond the brackets engaging the bracket from incisal side. Debonding time in seconds and patient perception of pain on a scale of 0-4 was noted. One way ANOVA was used to compare these three techniques in terms of time efficiency and pain or discomfort at time of debonding. Mechanical debonding was successful in all the cases while ultrasonic and sonic debonding failed to debond the brackets in 16% and 36% of the cases respectively. Mechanical wing method debonds brackets i...
This book was authored to cater for all aspects of orthodontic brackets. The focus being to provi... more This book was authored to cater for all aspects of orthodontic brackets. The focus being to provide students with real time pictures of different brackets available in the market and to determine their behaviour in oral cavity and their appearance after debonding. The main emphasis being on three vital aspects viz; the selection, placement and debonding,this book has accordingly been designed to comprise these three sections. Real times of new and used brackets have been specifically included to provide the students a realistic insight of brackets.Care has been taken to ensure correlation of clinical situation and various bracket selection criterions.
Groundwater flow modelling andmass transport simulation were carried out to determine the Nitrate... more Groundwater flow modelling andmass transport simulation were carried out to determine the Nitrate and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) migration within the shallow unconfined aquifer of the upper Anga’a river watershed of Yaoundé city, Cameroon. The MODFLOW code calibrated for February 2008 groundwater levels wasused to simulate the steady state distribution of hydraulic head. Simulated hydraulic heads were similar toobserved values along the watershed in model validation. The nitrate and TDS transport were described by theconvection equation and solved using MT3D. The pollutant fate and transport model (MT3D) reproduced the spatial pattern of observed nitrate concentrations in model calibration and validation. Groundwater and plumevelocities were 0.26 and 0.21 m per day respectively. Simulating the contaminant migration from the recharge area shows that the plume may take more than 50years travel time to reach the central part of the basin fromwhich decision analysis can be made for gen...
Debonding of orthodontic brackets is the last step of orthodontic treatment. This step should be ... more Debonding of orthodontic brackets is the last step of orthodontic treatment. This step should be performed carefully and with the best available method. The purpose of this study was to compare the site of bond failure after debonding brackets by debonding plier and crown remover. One hundred sixty newly extracted premolars were bonded with metal brackets and randomly assigned to two study groups (n = 80).In one group brackets were debonded with debonding plier(DR) using base method while in other group brackets were debonded with crown remover(CR). Enamel surface after debonding was subsequently assessed visually for any adhesive remnant and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scoring based on 4 scores from 0 to 3 was applied. The ARI scorings of these two pliers were cross tabulated. The site of bond failure was mostly within the adhesive after debonding with crown remover while it was at enamel adhesive interference after debonding with debonding plier. It was concluded that crown remov...
The aim of this study was to compare the debonding time and pain or discomfort between convention... more The aim of this study was to compare the debonding time and pain or discomfort between conventional mechanical debonding with sonic and ultrasonic debonding of stainless steel brackets. One hundred fifty brackets were debonded at the end of 2 years of comprehensive orthodontic treatment from 12 patients of both sexes of age range between 15-25 years using non probability sampling technique. Mechanical debonding of brackets was done with debonding plier using wing method. Ultrasonic and sonic scalers were used to debond the brackets engaging the bracket from incisal side. Debonding time in seconds and patient perception of pain on a scale of 0-4 was noted. One way ANOVA was used to compare these three techniques in terms of time efficiency and pain or discomfort at time of debonding. Mechanical debonding was successful in all the cases while ultrasonic and sonic debonding failed to debond the brackets in 16% and 36% of the cases respectively. Mechanical wing method debonds brackets i...
This book was authored to cater for all aspects of orthodontic brackets. The focus being to provi... more This book was authored to cater for all aspects of orthodontic brackets. The focus being to provide students with real time pictures of different brackets available in the market and to determine their behaviour in oral cavity and their appearance after debonding. The main emphasis being on three vital aspects viz; the selection, placement and debonding,this book has accordingly been designed to comprise these three sections. Real times of new and used brackets have been specifically included to provide the students a realistic insight of brackets.Care has been taken to ensure correlation of clinical situation and various bracket selection criterions.
Groundwater flow modelling andmass transport simulation were carried out to determine the Nitrate... more Groundwater flow modelling andmass transport simulation were carried out to determine the Nitrate and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) migration within the shallow unconfined aquifer of the upper Anga’a river watershed of Yaoundé city, Cameroon. The MODFLOW code calibrated for February 2008 groundwater levels wasused to simulate the steady state distribution of hydraulic head. Simulated hydraulic heads were similar toobserved values along the watershed in model validation. The nitrate and TDS transport were described by theconvection equation and solved using MT3D. The pollutant fate and transport model (MT3D) reproduced the spatial pattern of observed nitrate concentrations in model calibration and validation. Groundwater and plumevelocities were 0.26 and 0.21 m per day respectively. Simulating the contaminant migration from the recharge area shows that the plume may take more than 50years travel time to reach the central part of the basin fromwhich decision analysis can be made for gen...
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