The former and current smoking habits of 159 patients treated for infertility by means of IVF/ET ... more The former and current smoking habits of 159 patients treated for infertility by means of IVF/ET technique were observed. The data were verified by a cotinine examination in urine. The basal levels of gonadotropines before treatment, the process and outcome of ovarian stimulation, oocyte fertilisation and incidence of pregnancy were observed. There were no differences between smokers and non-smokers in terms of their age and professional risks; smoking correlated with a lower level of education. The overall response of active smokers to hormonal stimulation was worse than that of non-smokers: a lower number of mature follicles (12.3 vs. 16.2) and a lower number of oocytes were gained (7.3 vs. 10.9). There was a correlation between the age of the smokers and the higher consumption of FSH needed for stimulation and lower levels of 17 beta-estradiole. The number of fertilised oocytes in smokers was significantly lower (p < 0.01; 68.2% vs. 47.8%). A negative correlation between the d...
At the medical faculty in Brno we succeeded in combining the public health improvement project wi... more At the medical faculty in Brno we succeeded in combining the public health improvement project with the practical education of preventive medicine of medical students. The project "Know and improve your health" should enable individual estimation of the risk factors in people involved and, most of all, effectively decrease the risks by individual modification of their lifestyle. Until now, 1.588 participants were examined in the framework of the project and 147 medical students were actively involved during their preventive care rotations. Among the identified risk factors, the most prevalent were low physical activity (79% females and 75% males), imperfect nutrition (approx. 45% females and 65% males), increased level of blood cholesterol (33% females and 47% males), overweight and obesity (30 % females and 45% males), excessive alcohol intake (3% females and 30% males), increased blood pressure (19% females and 31% males) and smoking (22% females and 27% males). The effi...
Our study focused on the effect of non-pharmacological intervention based on the modification of ... more Our study focused on the effect of non-pharmacological intervention based on the modification of dietary habits and increasing physical activity on the level of total plasma cholesterol. Intervented sample was created by 279 highly motivated healthy adults from Brno (168 women and 111 men) of average age 43.5 +/- 10.3 years and average level of total plasma cholesterol 6.1 +/- 0.75 mmol/l and HDL-cholesterol 1.04 +/- 0.14 mmol/l. After medical and life-style history assessment, followed by clinical and biochemical checking and evaluation the risk from the life-style and biochemical and clinical parameters, the participants were individually informed about recommendations. These recommendations regarded detailed changes of dietary habits, quantified by the recommended number of servings of basic food groups and sub-groups daily and also increasing physical activity. After 3 months the changes of biochemical parameters were evaluated. After our non-pharmacological intervention we foun...
Setting dietary guidelines for the healthy population of the Czech Republic has respected the met... more Setting dietary guidelines for the healthy population of the Czech Republic has respected the methodical steps suggested by authors as follows: consideration of dietary guidelines was preceded by the consensus on general goals and methods, e.g. health and well-being promotion at the population level. The guidelines cover a total diet, not only a part of it and have to be realistic, with respect to actual frequency of food in majority of population. The second step was the declaration of nutritional goals with respect to achieving the RDI. The third step was dividing the food into defined food groups according to the following criteria: the food contained in one food group had the same/similar nutritional characteristics with regard to achieving the adequate of decreased intake. Within the groups several sub-groups were set, associating foods with another specific nutrient content. The fourth step was the setting the serving sizes as an equivalent for each food group. These equivalen...
Heavy metals with their potential haematotoxic effect can contribute to the risks of anaemia in c... more Heavy metals with their potential haematotoxic effect can contribute to the risks of anaemia in children in the Central Asian Republics (CAR), where burden and exposure to these metals is still not sufficiently known and reported. Cross-sectional study was performed in Central Asian countries in hospitals in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan with the aim to investigate the potential contribution of heavy metals to anaemia in children. In each country, 20 children were recruited, all were hospitalised with diagnosed anaemia. A sample of hair was taken from each child to assess the hair concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury. Relatively high levels of hair lead were observed, particularly in Kyrgyzstan. While lead and cadmium concentrations did not differ significantly among countries, mercury was lower in Kazakhstan than in Kyrgyzstan (p < 0.05) and Uzbekistan (p < 0.001). Hair lead and cadmium levels were significantly positively correlated (correlation coefficient = 0...
Ceská gynekologie / Ceská lékarská spolecnost J. Ev. Purkyne, 2009
Many proofs have confirmed that prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is the important risk for th... more Many proofs have confirmed that prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is the important risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in later life. Such exposure influences on many CVD' determinants: obesity and adiposity, disturbances in glucose and blood lipids metabolism, hypertension, hypokinesis, blood vessel structure and heart reactivity. Expectant mothers have high moral motivation for the changes of their life style. They can substantially protect their babies' healthy development against risk factors if they will know and fully understand them. Our system of prenatal cure offers repeated and essential chance for active participations of physicians and midwifes in teaching both active and passive smoking pregnant women about risks of smoking and in motivation and consulting for smoking cessation.
To examine changes to blood lipid and lipoprotein levels following introduction of modern oral ho... more To examine changes to blood lipid and lipoprotein levels following introduction of modern oral hormonal contraception agents and to evaluate atherogenic character of this dyslipidemia. METHODS, PATIENT SAMPLE: Forty four women of the mean age of 22.7 +/- 3.5 years, BMI 21.4 +/- 2.5 kg/sqm, waste line 71.9 +/- 7.1 cm and BP 115.7 +/- 12.2/70.1 +/- 8.3 mm Hg were included. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B levels were assessed before the introduction of contraception and 3 months into the treatment. Following 3 months of treatment, increase in the total cholesterol (4.19 +/- 0.80 vs 4.75 +/- 0.79 mmol/l; p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (2.10 +/- 0.64 vs 2.32 +/- 0.66 mmol/l; p = 0.23), HDL-cholesterol (1.71 +/- 0.42 vs 1.90 +/- 0.45 mmol/l; p < 0.001), triglycerides (0.85 +/- 0.36 vs 1.18 +/- 0.50 mmol/l; p < 0.001), apolipoprotein A1 (1.55 +/- 0.33 vs 1.88 +/- 0.44g/l; p < 0.001) and apolipoprotein B (0....
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been causally associated with an increased risk of both in... more Cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been causally associated with an increased risk of both intrauterine growth retardation and preterm delivery but most strongly with low birth weight. No such study to date had ever dealt with the Cypriot population. In interviews with their gynaecologists 65,530 pregnant women were asked between January 1990 and August 1996 to answer two questions, whether they had been smoking before and whether they had been smoking during pregnancy. Data from 59,014 births were considered to have valid birth weight data for this investigation. In 81.2% of the cases the mother explicitly declared that she had neither smoked before or during pregnancy whereas in 1.4% of the cases the mother said that she had smoked both before and during pregnancy and in 1.4% of the cases the mother said that she had smoked before but not during pregnancy. Finally, in 15.3% of the cases no answer to "smoking question" was given, whereas in 0.7% of the cases the answe...
To assess the ascorbic acid (AA) in the follicular fluid in women treated by in vitro fertilizati... more To assess the ascorbic acid (AA) in the follicular fluid in women treated by in vitro fertilization and embryonic transfer levels (IVF/ET) and to analyse the influence of vitamin C supplementation on the results of infertility treatment. Prospective study in women treated by IVF/ET. The influence of vitamin C supplementation on the outcome of infertility treatment in the assisted reproduction programme in 76 women (38 of them smokers, 38 non-smokers) was studied. Half the women (19 smokers and 19 non-smokers) were administered vitamin C in daily doses of 500 mg in so-called pellets allowing for gradual release over 8 to 12 hours. The control group consisted of the same number of smokers and non-smokers. In all the women, ascorbic acid levels were determined in two urine samples (prior to supplementation and at follicle retrieval) and in follicular fluid by means of a colorimetric method. Ovarian response to hormonal stimulation with gonadotropins (hMG, FSH) at a dosage of 150-225 IU...
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 2001
The main objective of the study was to asses whether the environmental cadmium exposure in the Cz... more The main objective of the study was to asses whether the environmental cadmium exposure in the Czech Republic is high enough to be able to affect significantly the human reproduction. Cadmium levels were measured in the blood and follicular fluid of 220 women in in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy, using atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean value of cadmium in venous blood was 0.85 ng x ml(-1) with significantly higher values among smokers (1.18 ng x ml(-1), SD = 1.6, 95%CI: 0.6-1.1) as compared to non-smokers (0.46 ng x ml(-1), SD = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.4-0.6) (p < 0.0001). In all, 1518 blood-free follicles were assessed to determine cadmium residues in follicular fluid. The mean cadmium value was 0.34 ng x ml(-1) (SD = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.28-0.41). No association was found between the cadmium levels in blood and follicular fluid, and similar cadmium levels were observed in the follicular fluid of women with different smoking habits. The calculated dietary cadmium intake was similar in...
The former and current smoking habits of 159 patients treated for infertility by means of IVF/ET ... more The former and current smoking habits of 159 patients treated for infertility by means of IVF/ET technique were observed. The data were verified by a cotinine examination in urine. The basal levels of gonadotropines before treatment, the process and outcome of ovarian stimulation, oocyte fertilisation and incidence of pregnancy were observed. There were no differences between smokers and non-smokers in terms of their age and professional risks; smoking correlated with a lower level of education. The overall response of active smokers to hormonal stimulation was worse than that of non-smokers: a lower number of mature follicles (12.3 vs. 16.2) and a lower number of oocytes were gained (7.3 vs. 10.9). There was a correlation between the age of the smokers and the higher consumption of FSH needed for stimulation and lower levels of 17 beta-estradiole. The number of fertilised oocytes in smokers was significantly lower (p < 0.01; 68.2% vs. 47.8%). A negative correlation between the d...
Modern dietary guidelines set in terms of food groups are easy to use and understand for target p... more Modern dietary guidelines set in terms of food groups are easy to use and understand for target populations, but rather complicated from the point of view of quantification, i.e. the correctly set number of recommended servings in different population groups according to age, sex, physical activity and physiological status on the basis of required intake of energy and individual nutrients. It is the use of abstract comprehensive food groups that makes it impossible to use a simple database of food tables based on the content of nutrients in individual foods, rather than their groups. Using groups requires that their nutritional profiles be established, i.e. that an average content of nutrients and energy for individual groups be calculated. To calculate nutritional profiles for Czech dietary guidelines, the authors used three different methods: (1) Simple profiles, with all commodities with significant representation in the Czech food basket represented in equal amounts. (2) Profile...
Primary prevention care requires active approach not only from the health professionals but also ... more Primary prevention care requires active approach not only from the health professionals but also from all individuals of the target population. People themselves have to be interested for their own health, for the preventive examinations, for their life-style. However, the health supporting activities based on the voluntary interest are most frequently exploited by people who actually do not need it, and people of the high risks stay apart. The aim of the study was to identify major differences among those who are interested in the preventive examinations and who are not, and answer the question whether those who declare their interest are the needful and primarily aimed population. Within the preventive project, 4353 parents of school-aged children in Brno were examined using a special questionnaire. Beside interest in examination, following criteria were questioned and analysed: age, education level, economical standard, subjective evaluation of health, occurrence of concrete heal...
Women live longer than men and experience lower overall and specific mortality resulting from var... more Women live longer than men and experience lower overall and specific mortality resulting from various diseases, even when younger. The reasons for this have yet to be satisfactorily explained. However, biological differences on one hand and differing lifestyles on the other might be responsible. The purpose of the study was to examine to what extent the lifestyle of men and women differs within a relatively homogeneous population group. The lifestyles of 4,353 parents of school age children (58% women and 42% men) were examined using questionnaires. The results show considerable differences between the genders. Men had worse dietary habits--consuming significantly less vegetables, fruit and milk, but too much meat; they consumed more processed meat and fat-containing items within the food sub-categories; they preferred less low-fat milk products and consumed less wholemeal products. Men more often consumed alcohol, drank more of it and often crossed the limits hazardous for health. ...
Ceská gynekologie / Ceská lékarská spolecnost J. Ev. Purkyne, 1999
Description and practical demonstration of the new method of dietary evaluation of pregnant women... more Description and practical demonstration of the new method of dietary evaluation of pregnant women. Pilot study--testing of new method. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine MU, Brno. The authors describe a screening method of quick and easy dietary evaluation of pregnant women. This method used for the assessment of the healthy population employs standards formulated in terms of serving equivalents and food groups. The data are obtained by the 24-hr recall and the food is converted into 6 basic food groups. The consumption is compared with the recommended number of the servings of each food group. The result of the evaluation is practical and an early comprehensible recommendation for pregnant women. This method also allows the calculation of total energy and nutrients, using so-called nutrition profiles of each food group. The method involves the possibility of sell-assessment and self-evaluation using the questionnaire designed by WHO and modified by the authors ac...
Cadmium and zinc levels in placentae of 688 women who delivered their children in two university ... more Cadmium and zinc levels in placentae of 688 women who delivered their children in two university hospitals in Brno and in the regional hospital in Znojmo during January-June 1992 were determined using AAS analytical method. Average value of zinc (54.6 micrograms/g) and cadmium (18.02 ng/g) concentrations found out in our file are in accord with those ones reported in literature. Individual differences in zinc contained in placentae occur uniformly. Very low concentrations prevail for cadmium; values exceeding 100 ng/g of dry basis are sporadic only. Zinc vs. cadmium concentrations values in placenta are mutually positively correlated [correlation coefficient (factor) r = +0.13, p < 0.001]. Cadmium content in placenta depends on mothers' age and it is significantly higher in older women. No changes in zinc contained in the placental tissue depending on mothers' age were found out. The mutual ratio of zinc vs. cadmium content in a placental tissue is significantly decreased...
The former and current smoking habits of 159 patients treated for infertility by means of IVF/ET ... more The former and current smoking habits of 159 patients treated for infertility by means of IVF/ET technique were observed. The data were verified by a cotinine examination in urine. The basal levels of gonadotropines before treatment, the process and outcome of ovarian stimulation, oocyte fertilisation and incidence of pregnancy were observed. There were no differences between smokers and non-smokers in terms of their age and professional risks; smoking correlated with a lower level of education. The overall response of active smokers to hormonal stimulation was worse than that of non-smokers: a lower number of mature follicles (12.3 vs. 16.2) and a lower number of oocytes were gained (7.3 vs. 10.9). There was a correlation between the age of the smokers and the higher consumption of FSH needed for stimulation and lower levels of 17 beta-estradiole. The number of fertilised oocytes in smokers was significantly lower (p < 0.01; 68.2% vs. 47.8%). A negative correlation between the d...
At the medical faculty in Brno we succeeded in combining the public health improvement project wi... more At the medical faculty in Brno we succeeded in combining the public health improvement project with the practical education of preventive medicine of medical students. The project "Know and improve your health" should enable individual estimation of the risk factors in people involved and, most of all, effectively decrease the risks by individual modification of their lifestyle. Until now, 1.588 participants were examined in the framework of the project and 147 medical students were actively involved during their preventive care rotations. Among the identified risk factors, the most prevalent were low physical activity (79% females and 75% males), imperfect nutrition (approx. 45% females and 65% males), increased level of blood cholesterol (33% females and 47% males), overweight and obesity (30 % females and 45% males), excessive alcohol intake (3% females and 30% males), increased blood pressure (19% females and 31% males) and smoking (22% females and 27% males). The effi...
Our study focused on the effect of non-pharmacological intervention based on the modification of ... more Our study focused on the effect of non-pharmacological intervention based on the modification of dietary habits and increasing physical activity on the level of total plasma cholesterol. Intervented sample was created by 279 highly motivated healthy adults from Brno (168 women and 111 men) of average age 43.5 +/- 10.3 years and average level of total plasma cholesterol 6.1 +/- 0.75 mmol/l and HDL-cholesterol 1.04 +/- 0.14 mmol/l. After medical and life-style history assessment, followed by clinical and biochemical checking and evaluation the risk from the life-style and biochemical and clinical parameters, the participants were individually informed about recommendations. These recommendations regarded detailed changes of dietary habits, quantified by the recommended number of servings of basic food groups and sub-groups daily and also increasing physical activity. After 3 months the changes of biochemical parameters were evaluated. After our non-pharmacological intervention we foun...
Setting dietary guidelines for the healthy population of the Czech Republic has respected the met... more Setting dietary guidelines for the healthy population of the Czech Republic has respected the methodical steps suggested by authors as follows: consideration of dietary guidelines was preceded by the consensus on general goals and methods, e.g. health and well-being promotion at the population level. The guidelines cover a total diet, not only a part of it and have to be realistic, with respect to actual frequency of food in majority of population. The second step was the declaration of nutritional goals with respect to achieving the RDI. The third step was dividing the food into defined food groups according to the following criteria: the food contained in one food group had the same/similar nutritional characteristics with regard to achieving the adequate of decreased intake. Within the groups several sub-groups were set, associating foods with another specific nutrient content. The fourth step was the setting the serving sizes as an equivalent for each food group. These equivalen...
Heavy metals with their potential haematotoxic effect can contribute to the risks of anaemia in c... more Heavy metals with their potential haematotoxic effect can contribute to the risks of anaemia in children in the Central Asian Republics (CAR), where burden and exposure to these metals is still not sufficiently known and reported. Cross-sectional study was performed in Central Asian countries in hospitals in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan with the aim to investigate the potential contribution of heavy metals to anaemia in children. In each country, 20 children were recruited, all were hospitalised with diagnosed anaemia. A sample of hair was taken from each child to assess the hair concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury. Relatively high levels of hair lead were observed, particularly in Kyrgyzstan. While lead and cadmium concentrations did not differ significantly among countries, mercury was lower in Kazakhstan than in Kyrgyzstan (p < 0.05) and Uzbekistan (p < 0.001). Hair lead and cadmium levels were significantly positively correlated (correlation coefficient = 0...
Ceská gynekologie / Ceská lékarská spolecnost J. Ev. Purkyne, 2009
Many proofs have confirmed that prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is the important risk for th... more Many proofs have confirmed that prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is the important risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in later life. Such exposure influences on many CVD' determinants: obesity and adiposity, disturbances in glucose and blood lipids metabolism, hypertension, hypokinesis, blood vessel structure and heart reactivity. Expectant mothers have high moral motivation for the changes of their life style. They can substantially protect their babies' healthy development against risk factors if they will know and fully understand them. Our system of prenatal cure offers repeated and essential chance for active participations of physicians and midwifes in teaching both active and passive smoking pregnant women about risks of smoking and in motivation and consulting for smoking cessation.
To examine changes to blood lipid and lipoprotein levels following introduction of modern oral ho... more To examine changes to blood lipid and lipoprotein levels following introduction of modern oral hormonal contraception agents and to evaluate atherogenic character of this dyslipidemia. METHODS, PATIENT SAMPLE: Forty four women of the mean age of 22.7 +/- 3.5 years, BMI 21.4 +/- 2.5 kg/sqm, waste line 71.9 +/- 7.1 cm and BP 115.7 +/- 12.2/70.1 +/- 8.3 mm Hg were included. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B levels were assessed before the introduction of contraception and 3 months into the treatment. Following 3 months of treatment, increase in the total cholesterol (4.19 +/- 0.80 vs 4.75 +/- 0.79 mmol/l; p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (2.10 +/- 0.64 vs 2.32 +/- 0.66 mmol/l; p = 0.23), HDL-cholesterol (1.71 +/- 0.42 vs 1.90 +/- 0.45 mmol/l; p < 0.001), triglycerides (0.85 +/- 0.36 vs 1.18 +/- 0.50 mmol/l; p < 0.001), apolipoprotein A1 (1.55 +/- 0.33 vs 1.88 +/- 0.44g/l; p < 0.001) and apolipoprotein B (0....
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been causally associated with an increased risk of both in... more Cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been causally associated with an increased risk of both intrauterine growth retardation and preterm delivery but most strongly with low birth weight. No such study to date had ever dealt with the Cypriot population. In interviews with their gynaecologists 65,530 pregnant women were asked between January 1990 and August 1996 to answer two questions, whether they had been smoking before and whether they had been smoking during pregnancy. Data from 59,014 births were considered to have valid birth weight data for this investigation. In 81.2% of the cases the mother explicitly declared that she had neither smoked before or during pregnancy whereas in 1.4% of the cases the mother said that she had smoked both before and during pregnancy and in 1.4% of the cases the mother said that she had smoked before but not during pregnancy. Finally, in 15.3% of the cases no answer to "smoking question" was given, whereas in 0.7% of the cases the answe...
To assess the ascorbic acid (AA) in the follicular fluid in women treated by in vitro fertilizati... more To assess the ascorbic acid (AA) in the follicular fluid in women treated by in vitro fertilization and embryonic transfer levels (IVF/ET) and to analyse the influence of vitamin C supplementation on the results of infertility treatment. Prospective study in women treated by IVF/ET. The influence of vitamin C supplementation on the outcome of infertility treatment in the assisted reproduction programme in 76 women (38 of them smokers, 38 non-smokers) was studied. Half the women (19 smokers and 19 non-smokers) were administered vitamin C in daily doses of 500 mg in so-called pellets allowing for gradual release over 8 to 12 hours. The control group consisted of the same number of smokers and non-smokers. In all the women, ascorbic acid levels were determined in two urine samples (prior to supplementation and at follicle retrieval) and in follicular fluid by means of a colorimetric method. Ovarian response to hormonal stimulation with gonadotropins (hMG, FSH) at a dosage of 150-225 IU...
International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 2001
The main objective of the study was to asses whether the environmental cadmium exposure in the Cz... more The main objective of the study was to asses whether the environmental cadmium exposure in the Czech Republic is high enough to be able to affect significantly the human reproduction. Cadmium levels were measured in the blood and follicular fluid of 220 women in in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy, using atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean value of cadmium in venous blood was 0.85 ng x ml(-1) with significantly higher values among smokers (1.18 ng x ml(-1), SD = 1.6, 95%CI: 0.6-1.1) as compared to non-smokers (0.46 ng x ml(-1), SD = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.4-0.6) (p < 0.0001). In all, 1518 blood-free follicles were assessed to determine cadmium residues in follicular fluid. The mean cadmium value was 0.34 ng x ml(-1) (SD = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.28-0.41). No association was found between the cadmium levels in blood and follicular fluid, and similar cadmium levels were observed in the follicular fluid of women with different smoking habits. The calculated dietary cadmium intake was similar in...
The former and current smoking habits of 159 patients treated for infertility by means of IVF/ET ... more The former and current smoking habits of 159 patients treated for infertility by means of IVF/ET technique were observed. The data were verified by a cotinine examination in urine. The basal levels of gonadotropines before treatment, the process and outcome of ovarian stimulation, oocyte fertilisation and incidence of pregnancy were observed. There were no differences between smokers and non-smokers in terms of their age and professional risks; smoking correlated with a lower level of education. The overall response of active smokers to hormonal stimulation was worse than that of non-smokers: a lower number of mature follicles (12.3 vs. 16.2) and a lower number of oocytes were gained (7.3 vs. 10.9). There was a correlation between the age of the smokers and the higher consumption of FSH needed for stimulation and lower levels of 17 beta-estradiole. The number of fertilised oocytes in smokers was significantly lower (p < 0.01; 68.2% vs. 47.8%). A negative correlation between the d...
Modern dietary guidelines set in terms of food groups are easy to use and understand for target p... more Modern dietary guidelines set in terms of food groups are easy to use and understand for target populations, but rather complicated from the point of view of quantification, i.e. the correctly set number of recommended servings in different population groups according to age, sex, physical activity and physiological status on the basis of required intake of energy and individual nutrients. It is the use of abstract comprehensive food groups that makes it impossible to use a simple database of food tables based on the content of nutrients in individual foods, rather than their groups. Using groups requires that their nutritional profiles be established, i.e. that an average content of nutrients and energy for individual groups be calculated. To calculate nutritional profiles for Czech dietary guidelines, the authors used three different methods: (1) Simple profiles, with all commodities with significant representation in the Czech food basket represented in equal amounts. (2) Profile...
Primary prevention care requires active approach not only from the health professionals but also ... more Primary prevention care requires active approach not only from the health professionals but also from all individuals of the target population. People themselves have to be interested for their own health, for the preventive examinations, for their life-style. However, the health supporting activities based on the voluntary interest are most frequently exploited by people who actually do not need it, and people of the high risks stay apart. The aim of the study was to identify major differences among those who are interested in the preventive examinations and who are not, and answer the question whether those who declare their interest are the needful and primarily aimed population. Within the preventive project, 4353 parents of school-aged children in Brno were examined using a special questionnaire. Beside interest in examination, following criteria were questioned and analysed: age, education level, economical standard, subjective evaluation of health, occurrence of concrete heal...
Women live longer than men and experience lower overall and specific mortality resulting from var... more Women live longer than men and experience lower overall and specific mortality resulting from various diseases, even when younger. The reasons for this have yet to be satisfactorily explained. However, biological differences on one hand and differing lifestyles on the other might be responsible. The purpose of the study was to examine to what extent the lifestyle of men and women differs within a relatively homogeneous population group. The lifestyles of 4,353 parents of school age children (58% women and 42% men) were examined using questionnaires. The results show considerable differences between the genders. Men had worse dietary habits--consuming significantly less vegetables, fruit and milk, but too much meat; they consumed more processed meat and fat-containing items within the food sub-categories; they preferred less low-fat milk products and consumed less wholemeal products. Men more often consumed alcohol, drank more of it and often crossed the limits hazardous for health. ...
Ceská gynekologie / Ceská lékarská spolecnost J. Ev. Purkyne, 1999
Description and practical demonstration of the new method of dietary evaluation of pregnant women... more Description and practical demonstration of the new method of dietary evaluation of pregnant women. Pilot study--testing of new method. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine MU, Brno. The authors describe a screening method of quick and easy dietary evaluation of pregnant women. This method used for the assessment of the healthy population employs standards formulated in terms of serving equivalents and food groups. The data are obtained by the 24-hr recall and the food is converted into 6 basic food groups. The consumption is compared with the recommended number of the servings of each food group. The result of the evaluation is practical and an early comprehensible recommendation for pregnant women. This method also allows the calculation of total energy and nutrients, using so-called nutrition profiles of each food group. The method involves the possibility of sell-assessment and self-evaluation using the questionnaire designed by WHO and modified by the authors ac...
Cadmium and zinc levels in placentae of 688 women who delivered their children in two university ... more Cadmium and zinc levels in placentae of 688 women who delivered their children in two university hospitals in Brno and in the regional hospital in Znojmo during January-June 1992 were determined using AAS analytical method. Average value of zinc (54.6 micrograms/g) and cadmium (18.02 ng/g) concentrations found out in our file are in accord with those ones reported in literature. Individual differences in zinc contained in placentae occur uniformly. Very low concentrations prevail for cadmium; values exceeding 100 ng/g of dry basis are sporadic only. Zinc vs. cadmium concentrations values in placenta are mutually positively correlated [correlation coefficient (factor) r = +0.13, p < 0.001]. Cadmium content in placenta depends on mothers' age and it is significantly higher in older women. No changes in zinc contained in the placental tissue depending on mothers' age were found out. The mutual ratio of zinc vs. cadmium content in a placental tissue is significantly decreased...
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