The paper carries out a systematic review of the literature on the emerging themes in open eco-in... more The paper carries out a systematic review of the literature on the emerging themes in open eco-innovation (OE), and most specifically on the role of internal and external knowledge sourcing for firms. Open innovation runs contrary to the individualistic mentality of traditional corporate R&D implementation while embracing external cooperation in a complex world. Our main motivation for the study is to assess and characterise literature that represents radical transformation toward accelerating co‐development of sustainable innovations. Our review points to the role of the open eco-innovation research landscape as an emerging research domain of potential contributions to sustainable industrial development. Specifically, in this systematic analysis, we apply exploratory, bibliometric, and network visualization techniques to characterize the available knowledge in the field. We trace the growth trajectory of this emerging literature and map the knowledge base of the OE research field. ...
This chapter seeks to make some contributions to the literature on firm-level innovation in Afric... more This chapter seeks to make some contributions to the literature on firm-level innovation in Africa by attempting to identify the significant factors that explain the capability of firms in Nigeria to innovate using the results of an industry-wide study. We focused on the product and process innovation activities of firms between 2003 and 2006 and found differences in the factors that drive them at the firm level. Our results further show that interactions matter more than most innovation-related variables and that the most important actors that influence a firm‟s innovation efforts are its customers and suppliers. We conclude that product and process innovations are not mutually exclusive and that a major key to successful innovation is how and with whom a firm collaborates. The implication of this for firms and policy makers is that an effectively wired innovation system where all stakeholders are active is critical for firm-level innovation capability.
Small and medium-sized manufacturing firms are usually confronted with challenges of inadequate f... more Small and medium-sized manufacturing firms are usually confronted with challenges of inadequate financial resources and lack of technological capabilities when compared with big firms. These challenges even become more critical when such firms are located in the peripheral regions of big business hubs. This study examines barriers that could limit the capability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in the peripheral regions of Lagos metropolis, to introduce eco-innovation. Using an evolutionary economic perspective and innovation theory, the study categorized obstacles to eco-innovation among the SMEs as costs, technological capability, market, organizational culture, and regulatory barriers. Results from the ordinal probit regression analysis indicate that technological and regulatory barriers have positive effects on eco-innovation among SMEs in the peripheral regions of Lagos metropolis. Firms that see barriers as opportunities often tend to realize more successfu...
The quantity and complexity of scientific and technological information provided to policymakers ... more The quantity and complexity of scientific and technological information provided to policymakers have been on the rise for decades. Yet little is known about how to provide science advice to legislatures, even though scientific information is widely acknowledged as valuable for decision-making in many policy domains. We asked academics, science advisers, and policymakers from both developed and developing nations to identify, review and refine, and then rank the most pressing research questions on legislative science advice (LSA). Experts generally agree that the state of evidence is poor, especially regarding developing and lower-middle income countries. Many fundamental questions about science advice processes remain unanswered and are of great interest: whether legislative use of scientific evidence improves the implementation and outcome of social programs and policies; under what conditions legislators and staff seek out scientific information or use what is presented to them; ...
Climate change poses important challenges to food security in Africa, and the impacts fall dispro... more Climate change poses important challenges to food security in Africa, and the impacts fall disproportionally on resource-poor smallholders. Nearly 90% of staple food and feed production from smallholder farmers come from rainfed agriculture and livestock farmers. Yet, lack of investment in this vital production system and its low productivity reinforce each other leading to poverty traps and increased vulnerability of livelihoods to climatic vagaries. In arid and semiarid climate change hotspots in Africa, agricultural systems are becoming less reliable as ecosystems are degraded and the relevant structures in place to support smallholder farmer’s effort are often absent. Levels of resilience, diversification, and risk management within the smallholder production systems rest on agricultural management and enabling policy environments, which in turn should be shaped by reliable evidence and performance indicators to track adaptation and measure development. Thus context is decisive as local circumstances determine what works and what doesn’t. Also, the relationship between the crop- and livestock-focused scientists and policymakers should be strengthened to deal with uncertainties, trade-offs, and synergies arising from implementing various crop and livestock policies. Keywords: Smallholders · Vulnerability · Climate change · Food security · Resilience · SubSaharan Africa
This paper contributes to the empirical literature on the drivers of eco-innovation within the co... more This paper contributes to the empirical literature on the drivers of eco-innovation within the context of a developing country. It explores the dynamics of the determinants of eco-innovation in the manufacturing sector of Nigeria. Virtually all the major manufacturing firms in Nigeria generate electricity through diesel-powered plants with implications for cost of production and greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, eco-innovative manufacturing firms have the potentials to decouple economic growth from excessive resource use and environmental pressure. The paper investigates the determinants of eco-innovation in the manufacturing sector of Nigeria based on empirical data from the Nigerian innovation survey. The econometric estimations find strong support for innovative organizational strategies, the need to meet regulatory standards and access to formal sources of knowledge as drivers of eco-innovation. While eco-innovative manufacturing firms are usually more technical and highly innovative, determinants of both products and process eco-innovations are heterogeneous. The paper highlights policy recommendations for enhancing firm's green competitive advantage in a latecomer economy.
This paper examines researchers’ understanding of protecting research and development (R&D) outpu... more This paper examines researchers’ understanding of protecting research and development (R&D) outputs through patenting, creating wealth and deriving economic benefits from intellectual property in a latecomer economy. Data were obtained from 913 researchers in 50 selected universities, polytechnics and research institutes. Over 60% of the researchers claimed to be knowledgeable in patenting R&D outputs. Researchers from research institutes had the highest awareness rate while those from polytechnics had the least. About 40% of the respondents claimed to have generated inventions but only 13% had made attempts to applying for patents. Also, about 43% of the patent applications had been granted. Generation of wealth through patenting was unpopular among the researchers with antecedent absent of Bayle-Doyle-like IP policy in Nigeria. The paper concluded that there is a need for the introduction of patent education into the curricula of the Nigerian educational and research systems. Ince...
International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, 2014
ABSTRACT Taking the pioneer efforts made in Nigeria as a case, this paper discusses the challenge... more ABSTRACT Taking the pioneer efforts made in Nigeria as a case, this paper discusses the challenges associated with undertaking R&D surveys in a developing country. The 2006/2007 survey of R&D activities in Nigeria was carried out in both the higher education and government sectors, using the Frascati Manual as guide. In all, 75 universities and 62 research institutes were surveyed with an overall response rate of 73.8%. Among several, the adaptation of definitions and methodologies prescribed in the Manual - designed with developed economies in mind - was a major challenge. We conclude that for R&D indicators to become more relevant for economic policy in developing countries survey methods and indicators should be adapted or new ones developed to reflect the local realities of STI systems. Agriculture, informal economy and indigenous knowledge are three important aspects of African system that S&T indicators, to date, do not cover.
This paper focuses on the potentials of the internet in facilitating research in Nigerian univers... more This paper focuses on the potentials of the internet in facilitating research in Nigerian universities. We assess the readiness of undergraduates in Nigerian tertiary institutions to deploy the internet for research purposes. The data provides evidences on the capacities and capabilities of the existing facilities, human resources and the readiness of the entire stakeholders to use internet facilities for research and development. We observe that there is a gender difference in internet use and thus adequate attention should be paid to ensuring equal access between male and female students. The study also establishes that the present level of capabilities for internet-assisted research is encouraging and that improving internet facilities in our universities will enhance academic research in Nigerian tertiary institutions if strategically embarked upon. The study reveals, contrary to expectations, that access to personal computers has little to do with students’ readiness for intern...
Primary Track Number: Track 19 Secondary Track Number: Track 16 The reason why the leading econom... more Primary Track Number: Track 19 Secondary Track Number: Track 16 The reason why the leading economies of the world today are the ones with the strongest industrial bases is not unconnected with the capability of their industrial sectors to innovate. It is therefore important for any nation to establish the strengths and weaknesses of its industrial sector with a view to designing appropriate policies and structures to initiate and sustain growth. The literature is abundant on the level of interaction among the various elements of Nigerias National Innovation System (NIS) (e.g. Oyewale, 2003; Oyebisi et al, 1996; Ilori et al, 2000) and the factors influencing the generation and successful adoption or non-adoption of industrial innovation by Nigerian firms (e.g. Adjebeng-Asem, 1995; Oyelaran-Oyeyinka et al, 1996). However, not much has been done in understanding the technological behaviour of manufacturing enterprises, especially in terms of their propensity to innovate and what factor...
International Journal of Technology Policy and Management, 2014
ABSTRACT Taking the pioneer efforts made in Nigeria as a case, this paper discusses the challenge... more ABSTRACT Taking the pioneer efforts made in Nigeria as a case, this paper discusses the challenges associated with undertaking R&D surveys in a developing country. The 2006/2007 survey of R&D activities in Nigeria was carried out in both the higher education and government sectors, using the Frascati Manual as guide. In all, 75 universities and 62 research institutes were surveyed with an overall response rate of 73.8%. Among several, the adaptation of definitions and methodologies prescribed in the Manual - designed with developed economies in mind - was a major challenge. We conclude that for R&D indicators to become more relevant for economic policy in developing countries survey methods and indicators should be adapted or new ones developed to reflect the local realities of STI systems. Agriculture, informal economy and indigenous knowledge are three important aspects of African system that S&T indicators, to date, do not cover.
The paper carries out a systematic review of the literature on the emerging themes in open eco-in... more The paper carries out a systematic review of the literature on the emerging themes in open eco-innovation (OE), and most specifically on the role of internal and external knowledge sourcing for firms. Open innovation runs contrary to the individualistic mentality of traditional corporate R&D implementation while embracing external cooperation in a complex world. Our main motivation for the study is to assess and characterise literature that represents radical transformation toward accelerating co‐development of sustainable innovations. Our review points to the role of the open eco-innovation research landscape as an emerging research domain of potential contributions to sustainable industrial development. Specifically, in this systematic analysis, we apply exploratory, bibliometric, and network visualization techniques to characterize the available knowledge in the field. We trace the growth trajectory of this emerging literature and map the knowledge base of the OE research field. ...
This chapter seeks to make some contributions to the literature on firm-level innovation in Afric... more This chapter seeks to make some contributions to the literature on firm-level innovation in Africa by attempting to identify the significant factors that explain the capability of firms in Nigeria to innovate using the results of an industry-wide study. We focused on the product and process innovation activities of firms between 2003 and 2006 and found differences in the factors that drive them at the firm level. Our results further show that interactions matter more than most innovation-related variables and that the most important actors that influence a firm‟s innovation efforts are its customers and suppliers. We conclude that product and process innovations are not mutually exclusive and that a major key to successful innovation is how and with whom a firm collaborates. The implication of this for firms and policy makers is that an effectively wired innovation system where all stakeholders are active is critical for firm-level innovation capability.
Small and medium-sized manufacturing firms are usually confronted with challenges of inadequate f... more Small and medium-sized manufacturing firms are usually confronted with challenges of inadequate financial resources and lack of technological capabilities when compared with big firms. These challenges even become more critical when such firms are located in the peripheral regions of big business hubs. This study examines barriers that could limit the capability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in the peripheral regions of Lagos metropolis, to introduce eco-innovation. Using an evolutionary economic perspective and innovation theory, the study categorized obstacles to eco-innovation among the SMEs as costs, technological capability, market, organizational culture, and regulatory barriers. Results from the ordinal probit regression analysis indicate that technological and regulatory barriers have positive effects on eco-innovation among SMEs in the peripheral regions of Lagos metropolis. Firms that see barriers as opportunities often tend to realize more successfu...
The quantity and complexity of scientific and technological information provided to policymakers ... more The quantity and complexity of scientific and technological information provided to policymakers have been on the rise for decades. Yet little is known about how to provide science advice to legislatures, even though scientific information is widely acknowledged as valuable for decision-making in many policy domains. We asked academics, science advisers, and policymakers from both developed and developing nations to identify, review and refine, and then rank the most pressing research questions on legislative science advice (LSA). Experts generally agree that the state of evidence is poor, especially regarding developing and lower-middle income countries. Many fundamental questions about science advice processes remain unanswered and are of great interest: whether legislative use of scientific evidence improves the implementation and outcome of social programs and policies; under what conditions legislators and staff seek out scientific information or use what is presented to them; ...
Climate change poses important challenges to food security in Africa, and the impacts fall dispro... more Climate change poses important challenges to food security in Africa, and the impacts fall disproportionally on resource-poor smallholders. Nearly 90% of staple food and feed production from smallholder farmers come from rainfed agriculture and livestock farmers. Yet, lack of investment in this vital production system and its low productivity reinforce each other leading to poverty traps and increased vulnerability of livelihoods to climatic vagaries. In arid and semiarid climate change hotspots in Africa, agricultural systems are becoming less reliable as ecosystems are degraded and the relevant structures in place to support smallholder farmer’s effort are often absent. Levels of resilience, diversification, and risk management within the smallholder production systems rest on agricultural management and enabling policy environments, which in turn should be shaped by reliable evidence and performance indicators to track adaptation and measure development. Thus context is decisive as local circumstances determine what works and what doesn’t. Also, the relationship between the crop- and livestock-focused scientists and policymakers should be strengthened to deal with uncertainties, trade-offs, and synergies arising from implementing various crop and livestock policies. Keywords: Smallholders · Vulnerability · Climate change · Food security · Resilience · SubSaharan Africa
This paper contributes to the empirical literature on the drivers of eco-innovation within the co... more This paper contributes to the empirical literature on the drivers of eco-innovation within the context of a developing country. It explores the dynamics of the determinants of eco-innovation in the manufacturing sector of Nigeria. Virtually all the major manufacturing firms in Nigeria generate electricity through diesel-powered plants with implications for cost of production and greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, eco-innovative manufacturing firms have the potentials to decouple economic growth from excessive resource use and environmental pressure. The paper investigates the determinants of eco-innovation in the manufacturing sector of Nigeria based on empirical data from the Nigerian innovation survey. The econometric estimations find strong support for innovative organizational strategies, the need to meet regulatory standards and access to formal sources of knowledge as drivers of eco-innovation. While eco-innovative manufacturing firms are usually more technical and highly innovative, determinants of both products and process eco-innovations are heterogeneous. The paper highlights policy recommendations for enhancing firm's green competitive advantage in a latecomer economy.
This paper examines researchers’ understanding of protecting research and development (R&D) outpu... more This paper examines researchers’ understanding of protecting research and development (R&D) outputs through patenting, creating wealth and deriving economic benefits from intellectual property in a latecomer economy. Data were obtained from 913 researchers in 50 selected universities, polytechnics and research institutes. Over 60% of the researchers claimed to be knowledgeable in patenting R&D outputs. Researchers from research institutes had the highest awareness rate while those from polytechnics had the least. About 40% of the respondents claimed to have generated inventions but only 13% had made attempts to applying for patents. Also, about 43% of the patent applications had been granted. Generation of wealth through patenting was unpopular among the researchers with antecedent absent of Bayle-Doyle-like IP policy in Nigeria. The paper concluded that there is a need for the introduction of patent education into the curricula of the Nigerian educational and research systems. Ince...
International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, 2014
ABSTRACT Taking the pioneer efforts made in Nigeria as a case, this paper discusses the challenge... more ABSTRACT Taking the pioneer efforts made in Nigeria as a case, this paper discusses the challenges associated with undertaking R&D surveys in a developing country. The 2006/2007 survey of R&D activities in Nigeria was carried out in both the higher education and government sectors, using the Frascati Manual as guide. In all, 75 universities and 62 research institutes were surveyed with an overall response rate of 73.8%. Among several, the adaptation of definitions and methodologies prescribed in the Manual - designed with developed economies in mind - was a major challenge. We conclude that for R&D indicators to become more relevant for economic policy in developing countries survey methods and indicators should be adapted or new ones developed to reflect the local realities of STI systems. Agriculture, informal economy and indigenous knowledge are three important aspects of African system that S&T indicators, to date, do not cover.
This paper focuses on the potentials of the internet in facilitating research in Nigerian univers... more This paper focuses on the potentials of the internet in facilitating research in Nigerian universities. We assess the readiness of undergraduates in Nigerian tertiary institutions to deploy the internet for research purposes. The data provides evidences on the capacities and capabilities of the existing facilities, human resources and the readiness of the entire stakeholders to use internet facilities for research and development. We observe that there is a gender difference in internet use and thus adequate attention should be paid to ensuring equal access between male and female students. The study also establishes that the present level of capabilities for internet-assisted research is encouraging and that improving internet facilities in our universities will enhance academic research in Nigerian tertiary institutions if strategically embarked upon. The study reveals, contrary to expectations, that access to personal computers has little to do with students’ readiness for intern...
Primary Track Number: Track 19 Secondary Track Number: Track 16 The reason why the leading econom... more Primary Track Number: Track 19 Secondary Track Number: Track 16 The reason why the leading economies of the world today are the ones with the strongest industrial bases is not unconnected with the capability of their industrial sectors to innovate. It is therefore important for any nation to establish the strengths and weaknesses of its industrial sector with a view to designing appropriate policies and structures to initiate and sustain growth. The literature is abundant on the level of interaction among the various elements of Nigerias National Innovation System (NIS) (e.g. Oyewale, 2003; Oyebisi et al, 1996; Ilori et al, 2000) and the factors influencing the generation and successful adoption or non-adoption of industrial innovation by Nigerian firms (e.g. Adjebeng-Asem, 1995; Oyelaran-Oyeyinka et al, 1996). However, not much has been done in understanding the technological behaviour of manufacturing enterprises, especially in terms of their propensity to innovate and what factor...
International Journal of Technology Policy and Management, 2014
ABSTRACT Taking the pioneer efforts made in Nigeria as a case, this paper discusses the challenge... more ABSTRACT Taking the pioneer efforts made in Nigeria as a case, this paper discusses the challenges associated with undertaking R&D surveys in a developing country. The 2006/2007 survey of R&D activities in Nigeria was carried out in both the higher education and government sectors, using the Frascati Manual as guide. In all, 75 universities and 62 research institutes were surveyed with an overall response rate of 73.8%. Among several, the adaptation of definitions and methodologies prescribed in the Manual - designed with developed economies in mind - was a major challenge. We conclude that for R&D indicators to become more relevant for economic policy in developing countries survey methods and indicators should be adapted or new ones developed to reflect the local realities of STI systems. Agriculture, informal economy and indigenous knowledge are three important aspects of African system that S&T indicators, to date, do not cover.
Uploads
Papers by Maruf Sanni