The creation of significant power from PV technology has resulted from the growth of the solar PV... more The creation of significant power from PV technology has resulted from the growth of the solar PV business and industry and the lowering of PV costs. The electricity market is open broader for PV and other involved device technology. The goal of cumulative capacity drives Thailand's solar PV investment compass. The learning curve projection shows that the prediction's learning curve reliability can provide a clearer view for PV investment and policymakers. This paper shows the creation of the opportunity for the solar PV rooftop as a service (RaaS) business model, designed for four customers: residential and commercial, with small, medium, and large scales depending on their electricity consumption. The result reveals that if no grid is allowed, the medium-and large-scale are more likely to be feasible as they show grid parity. With the PV cost reduction trend, all the customers are economically viable in the grid sale allowed. Besides that, the electricity tariff rate from the grid also significantly impacts the PV rooftop investment and customer decision-making.
Rising fossil energy prices and the significantly decreasing prices of energy technology
have res... more Rising fossil energy prices and the significantly decreasing prices of energy technology have resulted in electricity consumers having the option to install solar PV rooftops to rely on the self-consumption of clean energy. However, the increase in this amount is affecting the revenue of electricity as a utility, which must adapt and develop its business model to accommodate the situation. If the utility cannot be adapted in time, it may lead to a loss of income from services and the sale of electricity from fossil energy. The utility in Thailand’s electricity market that acts as the distribution system operator (DSO) is known as the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA), and the Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) is responsible for managing distribution networks and customers. There are four types of solar rooftop-as-a-service (RaaS) business perspectives they could consider as opportunities through which to minimize revenue impact. The business services were designed for the DSO customer as follows: Consulting, Design, and Installation (CDI); Operation and Maintenance (O&M); Energy Service Company (ESCO); and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The model comprises four customer segments: residential buildings and small-, medium-, and large-scale commercial buildings. This paper applies SWOT, Five Forces, 4P marketing, and economic impact analyses to identify the possibilities when using the DSO business model. The SWOT analysis demonstrates that ESCO and PPA are strengths in the DSO’s performance characteristics and existing customer data. In the electricity industry, both models offer enormous customer bargaining power in terms of a Five Forces analysis. The main reason is that there is currently high competition in the installation service. In the 4P analysis result, the price per unit is found to be significantly lower than in residential scenarios. Therefore, there is a format for presenting promotions with an advantage over competitors. Deploying an after-sales service that brings convenience to all customer segments is needed. The economic analysis conducted using Cournot competition game theory shows a significant differential in the Medium (M) and Large (L) customer sectors’ competition due to lower technology prices. In conclusion, with the current regulatory framework and criteria, the ESCO and PPA show the best practical model from a utility business perspective. The recommendation for DSO is to create a strategic ecosystem and to link it with private companies as their partnership business.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2019
The research aims to analyze land use from agricultural land for photovoltaic power plant constru... more The research aims to analyze land use from agricultural land for photovoltaic power plant construction and electricity generation. Geographic information system technology was used to analyze and decide the suitability of the land for a photovoltaic power plant. GHG assessment and life cycle cost (LCC) were applied in this study which covered 4 processes: Land preparation, logistics, construction and system installment, and electrical generation. The research found that the maps showed the area to be moderately abundant clay, outside the irrigated area, the average rainfall was 1,100 mm./year and agriculture is only possible 4 months per year. The average solar irradiance was 17.6 W/m2.d for this area which is suitable for building a photovoltaic power plant. CO2 emissions for land preparation, transportation, construction and electrical generation were 0.148 tCO2 eq/kWh, 0.196 tCO2 eq/kWh, 0.418 tCO2 eq/kWh and 6.932 tCO2 eq/kWh, respectively and the net CO2 emission was -0.549 kgCO2 eq/kWh. LCC for 25 years is 169.79 million baht and the cost of energy is 4.12 baht/kWh. The empirical results show that land use assessment of agriculture for the photovoltaic power plant was appropriate and worth wile without affecting the environment and economy.
The concept of adopting biodry system is to improve the quality of MBT waste. In Thailand, the wa... more The concept of adopting biodry system is to improve the quality of MBT waste. In Thailand, the waste is not separated, resulting in mixed waste of dry waste, wet waste and plastic waste. As a result, the accumulated MBT waste before use in RDF production has low heating value and high humidity. As a result, it took 9 months for the Thai industry. Buy a waste to go to power. Considering the heat and humidity that affect the price of garbage. The use of biodry technology for waste after MBT process will increase the heat and humidity of the waste. Development of a prototype RDF cabinet using biodry technology with a power supply to the air pump for air supply using solar cells for community waste management. Community waste is transformed into RDF and can be used as alternative fuels in the form of electricity or heat. This will help reduce the environmental management problem of garbage. The prototype system. Will perform that installation at Tamanao Subdistrict Administrative Organization Chaibadan District Lopburi Province. The results of the study showed that the Biodry system was developed as a aerator. Potential to be used in wet waste. Higher heat and humidity are reduced. As a result of the oxygen degradation process. The heat, which when tested with wet garbage is heated to 49 °C by this heat will help to drain moisture. Excess of garbage and add heat to the pile of Biodry until the dry inside. When the garbage is dry, the contaminated surface of the soil or plaster coating can cause the heat to rise in the 30-day period for a short time. And using solar panels as a source of energy to the air system. The garbage can have a heating value of more than 5,000 kcal / kg and a moisture content of less than 30%. The waste is a good quality fuel for use in the heating industry or the general industry.
Biodiesel is a diesel equivalent fuel produced from biological feed stocks, acting as a substitut... more Biodiesel is a diesel equivalent fuel produced from biological feed stocks, acting as a substitute for petroleum or fossil diesel. Biodiesel production in Thailand began in 2005, with prices stabilizing after 2008. Biodiesel, along with other biofuels, plays a role in Thailand’s Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP). The purpose of this study is to examine factors in the Thai biodiesel prices (2009-2014). The study assessed factors in downstream biodiesel prices at consumer locations like gas stations. The price factors assessed in the study included ex-refinery prices, excise taxes, municipal taxes, oil fund contributions, energy conservation fund conributions, marketing margin and exchange rate (USD). Regression results showed that all of these factors were significant (r2 = 0.867). The implication of the study is that while most of the retail price of biodiesel in Thailand is attributable to cost factors, there is some unexplained variance in price. This offers an opportunity for future research.
The creation of significant power from PV technology has resulted from the growth of the solar PV... more The creation of significant power from PV technology has resulted from the growth of the solar PV business and industry and the lowering of PV costs. The electricity market is open broader for PV and other involved device technology. The goal of cumulative capacity drives Thailand's solar PV investment compass. The learning curve projection shows that the prediction's learning curve reliability can provide a clearer view for PV investment and policymakers. This paper shows the creation of the opportunity for the solar PV rooftop as a service (RaaS) business model, designed for four customers: residential and commercial, with small, medium, and large scales depending on their electricity consumption. The result reveals that if no grid is allowed, the medium-and large-scale are more likely to be feasible as they show grid parity. With the PV cost reduction trend, all the customers are economically viable in the grid sale allowed. Besides that, the electricity tariff rate from the grid also significantly impacts the PV rooftop investment and customer decision-making.
Rising fossil energy prices and the significantly decreasing prices of energy technology
have res... more Rising fossil energy prices and the significantly decreasing prices of energy technology have resulted in electricity consumers having the option to install solar PV rooftops to rely on the self-consumption of clean energy. However, the increase in this amount is affecting the revenue of electricity as a utility, which must adapt and develop its business model to accommodate the situation. If the utility cannot be adapted in time, it may lead to a loss of income from services and the sale of electricity from fossil energy. The utility in Thailand’s electricity market that acts as the distribution system operator (DSO) is known as the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA), and the Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) is responsible for managing distribution networks and customers. There are four types of solar rooftop-as-a-service (RaaS) business perspectives they could consider as opportunities through which to minimize revenue impact. The business services were designed for the DSO customer as follows: Consulting, Design, and Installation (CDI); Operation and Maintenance (O&M); Energy Service Company (ESCO); and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The model comprises four customer segments: residential buildings and small-, medium-, and large-scale commercial buildings. This paper applies SWOT, Five Forces, 4P marketing, and economic impact analyses to identify the possibilities when using the DSO business model. The SWOT analysis demonstrates that ESCO and PPA are strengths in the DSO’s performance characteristics and existing customer data. In the electricity industry, both models offer enormous customer bargaining power in terms of a Five Forces analysis. The main reason is that there is currently high competition in the installation service. In the 4P analysis result, the price per unit is found to be significantly lower than in residential scenarios. Therefore, there is a format for presenting promotions with an advantage over competitors. Deploying an after-sales service that brings convenience to all customer segments is needed. The economic analysis conducted using Cournot competition game theory shows a significant differential in the Medium (M) and Large (L) customer sectors’ competition due to lower technology prices. In conclusion, with the current regulatory framework and criteria, the ESCO and PPA show the best practical model from a utility business perspective. The recommendation for DSO is to create a strategic ecosystem and to link it with private companies as their partnership business.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2019
The research aims to analyze land use from agricultural land for photovoltaic power plant constru... more The research aims to analyze land use from agricultural land for photovoltaic power plant construction and electricity generation. Geographic information system technology was used to analyze and decide the suitability of the land for a photovoltaic power plant. GHG assessment and life cycle cost (LCC) were applied in this study which covered 4 processes: Land preparation, logistics, construction and system installment, and electrical generation. The research found that the maps showed the area to be moderately abundant clay, outside the irrigated area, the average rainfall was 1,100 mm./year and agriculture is only possible 4 months per year. The average solar irradiance was 17.6 W/m2.d for this area which is suitable for building a photovoltaic power plant. CO2 emissions for land preparation, transportation, construction and electrical generation were 0.148 tCO2 eq/kWh, 0.196 tCO2 eq/kWh, 0.418 tCO2 eq/kWh and 6.932 tCO2 eq/kWh, respectively and the net CO2 emission was -0.549 kgCO2 eq/kWh. LCC for 25 years is 169.79 million baht and the cost of energy is 4.12 baht/kWh. The empirical results show that land use assessment of agriculture for the photovoltaic power plant was appropriate and worth wile without affecting the environment and economy.
The concept of adopting biodry system is to improve the quality of MBT waste. In Thailand, the wa... more The concept of adopting biodry system is to improve the quality of MBT waste. In Thailand, the waste is not separated, resulting in mixed waste of dry waste, wet waste and plastic waste. As a result, the accumulated MBT waste before use in RDF production has low heating value and high humidity. As a result, it took 9 months for the Thai industry. Buy a waste to go to power. Considering the heat and humidity that affect the price of garbage. The use of biodry technology for waste after MBT process will increase the heat and humidity of the waste. Development of a prototype RDF cabinet using biodry technology with a power supply to the air pump for air supply using solar cells for community waste management. Community waste is transformed into RDF and can be used as alternative fuels in the form of electricity or heat. This will help reduce the environmental management problem of garbage. The prototype system. Will perform that installation at Tamanao Subdistrict Administrative Organization Chaibadan District Lopburi Province. The results of the study showed that the Biodry system was developed as a aerator. Potential to be used in wet waste. Higher heat and humidity are reduced. As a result of the oxygen degradation process. The heat, which when tested with wet garbage is heated to 49 °C by this heat will help to drain moisture. Excess of garbage and add heat to the pile of Biodry until the dry inside. When the garbage is dry, the contaminated surface of the soil or plaster coating can cause the heat to rise in the 30-day period for a short time. And using solar panels as a source of energy to the air system. The garbage can have a heating value of more than 5,000 kcal / kg and a moisture content of less than 30%. The waste is a good quality fuel for use in the heating industry or the general industry.
Biodiesel is a diesel equivalent fuel produced from biological feed stocks, acting as a substitut... more Biodiesel is a diesel equivalent fuel produced from biological feed stocks, acting as a substitute for petroleum or fossil diesel. Biodiesel production in Thailand began in 2005, with prices stabilizing after 2008. Biodiesel, along with other biofuels, plays a role in Thailand’s Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP). The purpose of this study is to examine factors in the Thai biodiesel prices (2009-2014). The study assessed factors in downstream biodiesel prices at consumer locations like gas stations. The price factors assessed in the study included ex-refinery prices, excise taxes, municipal taxes, oil fund contributions, energy conservation fund conributions, marketing margin and exchange rate (USD). Regression results showed that all of these factors were significant (r2 = 0.867). The implication of the study is that while most of the retail price of biodiesel in Thailand is attributable to cost factors, there is some unexplained variance in price. This offers an opportunity for future research.
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Papers by Prapita Thanarak
have resulted in electricity consumers having the option to install solar PV rooftops to rely on the
self-consumption of clean energy. However, the increase in this amount is affecting the revenue
of electricity as a utility, which must adapt and develop its business model to accommodate the
situation. If the utility cannot be adapted in time, it may lead to a loss of income from services and
the sale of electricity from fossil energy. The utility in Thailand’s electricity market that acts as the
distribution system operator (DSO) is known as the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA), and the
Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) is responsible for managing distribution networks and
customers. There are four types of solar rooftop-as-a-service (RaaS) business perspectives they could
consider as opportunities through which to minimize revenue impact. The business services were
designed for the DSO customer as follows: Consulting, Design, and Installation (CDI); Operation and
Maintenance (O&M); Energy Service Company (ESCO); and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The
model comprises four customer segments: residential buildings and small-, medium-, and large-scale
commercial buildings. This paper applies SWOT, Five Forces, 4P marketing, and economic impact
analyses to identify the possibilities when using the DSO business model. The SWOT analysis
demonstrates that ESCO and PPA are strengths in the DSO’s performance characteristics and existing
customer data. In the electricity industry, both models offer enormous customer bargaining power in
terms of a Five Forces analysis. The main reason is that there is currently high competition in the
installation service. In the 4P analysis result, the price per unit is found to be significantly lower than
in residential scenarios. Therefore, there is a format for presenting promotions with an advantage
over competitors. Deploying an after-sales service that brings convenience to all customer segments
is needed. The economic analysis conducted using Cournot competition game theory shows a
significant differential in the Medium (M) and Large (L) customer sectors’ competition due to lower
technology prices. In conclusion, with the current regulatory framework and criteria, the ESCO and
PPA show the best practical model from a utility business perspective. The recommendation for DSO
is to create a strategic ecosystem and to link it with private companies as their partnership business.
have resulted in electricity consumers having the option to install solar PV rooftops to rely on the
self-consumption of clean energy. However, the increase in this amount is affecting the revenue
of electricity as a utility, which must adapt and develop its business model to accommodate the
situation. If the utility cannot be adapted in time, it may lead to a loss of income from services and
the sale of electricity from fossil energy. The utility in Thailand’s electricity market that acts as the
distribution system operator (DSO) is known as the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA), and the
Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) is responsible for managing distribution networks and
customers. There are four types of solar rooftop-as-a-service (RaaS) business perspectives they could
consider as opportunities through which to minimize revenue impact. The business services were
designed for the DSO customer as follows: Consulting, Design, and Installation (CDI); Operation and
Maintenance (O&M); Energy Service Company (ESCO); and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). The
model comprises four customer segments: residential buildings and small-, medium-, and large-scale
commercial buildings. This paper applies SWOT, Five Forces, 4P marketing, and economic impact
analyses to identify the possibilities when using the DSO business model. The SWOT analysis
demonstrates that ESCO and PPA are strengths in the DSO’s performance characteristics and existing
customer data. In the electricity industry, both models offer enormous customer bargaining power in
terms of a Five Forces analysis. The main reason is that there is currently high competition in the
installation service. In the 4P analysis result, the price per unit is found to be significantly lower than
in residential scenarios. Therefore, there is a format for presenting promotions with an advantage
over competitors. Deploying an after-sales service that brings convenience to all customer segments
is needed. The economic analysis conducted using Cournot competition game theory shows a
significant differential in the Medium (M) and Large (L) customer sectors’ competition due to lower
technology prices. In conclusion, with the current regulatory framework and criteria, the ESCO and
PPA show the best practical model from a utility business perspective. The recommendation for DSO
is to create a strategic ecosystem and to link it with private companies as their partnership business.