Biography Dr. Emmanuel Ifeanyi Ugwu was promoted to the rank of full professor of solid State Physics and Material Science during 2014/2015 academic session in Ebonyi State University where served from 1999 to 2021, but now I have joined the service of Nigeria Army University in the Department of Physics. I got my B.Sc. and Master in Science from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Phone: 08067092798 Address: Department of Physics, Nigerian Army University,Biu, Nigeria
Medical Journal of Clinical Trials & Case Studies
In this work, we considered the influence of age and years of experience of a welder on the job t... more In this work, we considered the influence of age and years of experience of a welder on the job to the frequency of compliance to use of protective eyewear when on duty in Abakaliki metropolis. To get at this, well-structured questionnaire was prepared and administered randomly to some sampled welders from population of 101 welders housed within 67 welding workshops located in the area of the study. The data collected from the questionnaire was arranged and analyzed using Chi-square from where it was revealed statistically that neither age nor years of experience on the job has influence the welders' compliance to the use of the protective eyewear while on duty in Abakaliki metropolis.
Wastewater and or water contamination due to Lead is of significant occupational and environmenta... more Wastewater and or water contamination due to Lead is of significant occupational and environmental concern because of the possibility of Lead to enter the food chain. There are numerous adsorbent used in adsorption of Lead in wastewater. This includes agricultural biomass, industrial sludge as well as activated carbon prepared from these materials. Recently, nanoparticles and nanocomposites have been synthesized and applied as nanoadsorbent for Lead removal from solution. This review highlights synthesis, characterization and application of nanoadsorbents for Lead adsorption in wastewater.
This study examined some geotechnical engineering properties of municipal solid waste contaminate... more This study examined some geotechnical engineering properties of municipal solid waste contaminated soils in selected locations in Nigeria. Samples of soil were collected at 0.5m depth from the selected dumpsite, and a free land (uncontaminated soil) which served as control. The properties of the soils investigated include: particle size distribution, natural moisture content, consistency limits, maximum dry density, optimum moisture content and specific gravity. Test results revealed that the contaminated soils possess lower plastic limit, maximum dry density and specific gravity than the uncontaminated soil. However, the contaminated soil yielded higher natural moisture content, liquid limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content and fine particles content than the uncontaminated soil. Therefore, within the limit of this study, it can be inferred that the geotechnical properties of the contaminated soil were reduced due to the influence of the municipal solid waste, and this m...
There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease (EVD),... more There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, and the public health burden that it ensues. Since 1976, there have been 885,343 suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of EVD and the disease has claimed 2,512 cases and 932 fatality in West Africa. There are certain requirements that must be met when responding to EVD outbreaks and this process could incur certain challenges. For the purposes of this paper, five have been identified: (i) the deficiency in the development and implementation of surveillance response systems against Ebola and others infectious disease outbreaks in Africa; (ii) the lack of education and knowledge resulting in an EVD outbreak triggering panic, anxiety, psychosocial trauma, isolation and dignity impounding, stigmatisation, community ostracism and resistance to associated socio-ecological and public health consequences; (iii) limited financial resources, human technical capacity and weak community and national health system operational plans for prevention and control responses, practices and management; (iv) inadequate leadership and coordination; and (v) the lack of development of new strategies, tools and approaches, such as improved diagnostics and novel therapies including vaccines which can assist in preventing, controlling and containing Ebola outbreaks as well as the spread of the disease. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop and implement an active early warning alert and surveillance response system for outbreak response and control of emerging infectious diseases. Understanding the unending risks of transmission dynamics and resurgence is essential in implementing rapid effective response interventions tailored to specific local settings and contexts. Therefore, the following actions are recommended: (i) national and regional inter-sectorial and trans-disciplinary surveillance response systems that include early warnings, as well as critical human resources development, must be quickly adopted by allied ministries and organisations in African countries in epidemic and pandemic responses; (ii) harnessing all stakeholders commitment and advocacy in sustained funding, collaboration, communication and networking including community participation to enhance a coordinated responses, as well as tracking and prompt case management to combat challenges; (iii) more research and development in new drug discovery and vaccines; and (iv) understanding the involvement of global health to promote the establishment of public health surveillance response systems with functions of early warning, as well as monitoring and evaluation in upholding research-action programmes and innovative interventions.
A survey of Fertility Cancer and Hereditary Risks in Soil Sample of Nasarawa was carried out. Thi... more A survey of Fertility Cancer and Hereditary Risks in Soil Sample of Nasarawa was carried out. This study assessed the level of Fertility Cancer and Hereditary Risks in some part of Nasarawa using the gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean concentration for 40K was 645.29 Ā± 07.32 Bq/kg, for 226Ra was 28.43 Ā± 4.8422 Bq/Kg and for 232Th was 66.84 Ā± 2.0201 Bq/Kg. The average effective dose due to the ingestion was 0.36Ā±0.1ĀµSv/y which was approximately 1000 times lower than the world average effective dose. Radium equivalent activity RaeqĀ (Bq/kg), alpha index and total cancer risk were found to be 161.44Ā±8.08 Bq/kg, 0.142Ā±0.02Ā and (0.21Ā±0.05) Ć10-5Ā respectively. UNSCEAR/ USEPA stipulated that; radium equivalent activity, alpha index, effective dose and total cancer risk should not exceed the limit of 370 Bq/kg, unity, 300 ĀµSv/y and 1 Ć10-4Ā respectively. Hence the values obtained in this work were within the acceptable limits. This implies that the ingestion or inhalation of soil is not associa...
Wave propagation through crystal was analysed using wave equation in conjunction with pseudo-diel... more Wave propagation through crystal was analysed using wave equation in conjunction with pseudo-dielectric function. Considered in the analysed were the patterns of propagated wave for UV, Visible and near Infrared for a particular value of dielectric constant of the crystal. The relationship between wavenumber and refractive, optical conductance and absorption coefficient were analysed. The effects of focusing angle on the crystal for various wavelength regions were also considered.
International Journal of Theoretical & Computational Physics, 2021
In general theory of relativity, Einsteinās field equations relate the geometry of space-time wit... more In general theory of relativity, Einsteinās field equations relate the geometry of space-time with the distribution of matter within it. These equations were first published by Einstein in the form of a tensor equation which related the local space-time curvature with the local energy and momentum within this space-time. In this article, Einsteinās geometrical field equations interior and exterior to astrophysically real or hypothetical distribution of mass within a spherical geometry were constructed and solved for field whose gravitational potential varies with time, radial distance and polar angle. The exterior solution was obtained using power series. The metric tensors and the solution of the Einsteinās exterior field equations used in this work has only one arbitrary function f(t,r,Īø) , and thus put the Einsteinās geometrical theory of gravitation on the same bases with the Newtonās dynamical theory of gravitation. The gravitational scalar potential f(t,r,Īø) obtained in this r...
Assessment of Radiation dose in computed tomography examination of Adult patient in Abuja and Kef... more Assessment of Radiation dose in computed tomography examination of Adult patient in Abuja and Keffi, Hospitals in Nigerian was carried out. The three study centers are National hospital Abuja, Garki hospital and federal Medical Centre Keffi, Nasarawa State. CT scan is considered to be the first investigative modality of choice for patient with severe head, chest and abdominal injuries. For us to achieve this, professionals must adhere to the principles of justification of practice and optimization of radiation protection. Dose report and scan parameters for head, chest and abdomen were assessed during seven months period at the three study centres. Ethical approval was obtained from the study centers. Data on CT Dose index (CTDI w) and dose length product (DLP) available and achieved on CT scanner control console was recorded for a minimum of 10 average sized patients for each facility to established a local Diagnostic reference level (LDRLs) and radiation dose optimization Data wer...
Assessment of Radiation dose in computed tomography examination of Adult patient in Abuja and Kef... more Assessment of Radiation dose in computed tomography examination of Adult patient in Abuja and Keffi, Hospitals in Nigerian was carried out. The three study centers are National hospital Abuja, Garki hospital and federal Medical Centre Keffi, Nasarawa State. CT scan is considered to be the first investigative modality of choice for patient with severe head, chest and abdominal injuries. For us to achieve this, professionals must adhere to the principles of justification of practice and optimization of radiation protection. Dose report and scan parameters for head, chest and abdomen were assessed during seven months period at the three study centres. Ethical approval was obtained from the study centers. Data on CT Dose index (CTDI w) and dose length product (DLP) available and achieved on CT scanner control console was recorded for a minimum of 10 average sized patients for each facility to established a local Diagnostic reference level (LDRLs) and radiation dose optimization Data wer...
This research intends to unveil the presence of radioisotopes in the soil of some mining sites in... more This research intends to unveil the presence of radioisotopes in the soil of some mining sites in Nasarawa of Nasarawa state using thermos-scientific interceptor (IdentiFINDER). The work aimed at detecting the presence, types and trust level of radioisotopes. The result showed that, 103Pd and 125I were found in 57% of the total points and the percentage abundance of the detector reached 50-65% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely found in the area, 109Cd was found in 15% of the total areas. The percentage abundance of the detector for 109Cd shows 50% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely to be found in the area, 241Am was found in 7% of the total areas. The percentage abundance of the detector for 241Am shows 81% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely found in the area, 235U was found in 7% of the total points. The percentage abundance of the detector for 235U reaches 57% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely found in the area, 75Se was found ...
International Journal of Theoretical & Computational Physics, 2021
Golden metric tensors exterior to hypothetical distribution of mass whose field varies with time ... more Golden metric tensors exterior to hypothetical distribution of mass whose field varies with time and radial distance have been used to construct the coefficient of affine connections that invariably was used to obtained the Einsteinās equations of motion for test particles of non-zero rest masses. The expression for the variation of time on a clock moving in this gravitational field was derived using the time equation of motion. The test particles in this field under the condition of pure polar motion have an inverse square dependence velocity which depends on radial distance. Our result indicates that despite using the golden metric tensor, the inverse square dependence of the velocity on radial distance has not been changed.
In this work, we present the study of electromagnetic wave propagation through a medium with a va... more In this work, we present the study of electromagnetic wave propagation through a medium with a variable dielectric function using the concept of Gaussian Beam. First of all, we start with wave equation 2 2 2 2 ļ· ļø. With this, we analyze the dependency of r on Gaussian beam distribution spread, the distant from the axis at which the intensity of the beam distribution begins to fall at a given estimate 2 1 e of its peak value. The influence of the optimum beam waist w o and the beam spread on the intensity distribution will also be analyzed.
Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2014
This is substituted into a defined scalar wave equation in which the appropriate Green's Func... more This is substituted into a defined scalar wave equation in which the appropriate Green's Function was defined on it and solved using series technique. The green's value obtained from Green's Function was used in Dyson's and Lippmann Schwinger equations in conjunction with Born approximation method in computing the propagated field for different input regions of field wavelength during which the influence of the dielectric constants and mesh size of the thin film on the propagating field were depicted. The results obtained from the computed field were used in turn to generate the data that were used to compute the band gaps, solid state and optical properties of the thin film such as reflectance, Transmittance and reflectance with the band gap spelt.
This work focused on the study and analysis of the behavior of fringes formed by EM wave diffract... more This work focused on the study and analysis of the behavior of fringes formed by EM wave diffraction through small circular aperture of finite diameter on a cylindrical perfect conducting screen of a finite thickness, L. The nature of the fringes intensity formed on the perfect conducting screen was analyzed with reference to the three windows within EM spectrum such as ultraviolet, visible and infrared. The intensity of the fringes distribution was found to depend on the wavelength of the radiation associated to each window. The work also showed the different diffraction patterns that formed normal distribution pattern for different wavelengths within electromagnetic wave spectrum with a central fringes being more intense in each case than the others that appeared like background fringes. The graphs of the ratio of spectral energy to the conductivity of the screen plotted for the three windows considered in this work as a function of thickness of screen respectively.
In this work, the analytical study of optical properties and band gap of copper sulphide thin fil... more In this work, the analytical study of optical properties and band gap of copper sulphide thin film were carried out comparatively using two different but related depositional techniques done at room temperature. The techniques were (a) successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction and (b) chemical bath deposition. The film was characterized with emphasis on the optical properties within the spectral range of ultraviolet-infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum, Absorption coefficient depicts a maximal value of the band gap ranging from 1.45eV to 3.33 eV. Theoretically, scalar wave equation was used to analyze the behavior of wave propagated through the copper sulphide thin film for which computation of the optical properties such spectral transmittance, reflectance were computed. The band gap of the thin film was also computed for which all the computation was carried out within the same spectral range. In the analysis, it was observed that there was no significant deviation between the band gap obtained from the two different depositional techniques and the computed band gap.
Sludge is often generated from the treatment of wastewater and it is essential to reduce its volu... more Sludge is often generated from the treatment of wastewater and it is essential to reduce its volume before disposal into the environment through dewatering. This helps to reduce the cost of final sludge disposal. This study was therefore aimed at developing a model for the draining time of sludge through the application of vacuum pressure. A vacuum filtration experiment was performed on sewage sludge collected from the wastewater treatment plant situated at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The sludge sample was poured into Buchner funnel apparatus and the volume of the filtrate collected was noted at a certain time interval until the end of the experiment. The specific resistance values were obtained using the newly derived-, modified-, and Carman's-equation, respectively. A comparative study was carried out on the three values obtained and the results showed that the newly derived equation gave the best result. Overall, the newly derived equation demonstrated conformity with Carman's equation and can be used for sludge dewatering investigation. This paper covers a relevant subject within the field of waste treatment processes, namely the dewatering of sludge from wastewater treatment system and on a large scale, can aid in producing cost effective mechanism that makes it more possible for developing nations to incorporate adequate and effective sanitation.
International Journal of Theoretical & Computational Physics, Jul 3, 2021
Golden metric tensors exterior to hypothetical distribution of mass whose field varies with time ... more Golden metric tensors exterior to hypothetical distribution of mass whose field varies with time and radial distance have been used to construct the coefficient of affine connections that invariably was used to obtained the Einstein's equations of motion for test particles of non-zero rest masses. The expression for the variation of time on a clock moving in this gravitational field was derived using the time equation of motion. The test particles in this field under the condition of pure polar motion have an inverse square dependence velocity which depends on radial distance. Our result indicates that despite using the golden metric tensor, the inverse square dependence of the velocity on radial distance has not been changed.
Wave propagation through crystal was analysed using wave equation in conjunction with pseudo-diel... more Wave propagation through crystal was analysed using wave equation in conjunction with pseudo-dielectric function. Considered in the analysed were the patterns of propagated wave for UV, Visible and near Infrared for a particular value of dielectric constant of the crystal. The relationship between wavenumber and refractive, optical conductance and absorption coefficient were analysed. The effects of focusing angle on the crystal for various wavelength regions were also considered.
Medical Journal of Clinical Trials & Case Studies
In this work, we considered the influence of age and years of experience of a welder on the job t... more In this work, we considered the influence of age and years of experience of a welder on the job to the frequency of compliance to use of protective eyewear when on duty in Abakaliki metropolis. To get at this, well-structured questionnaire was prepared and administered randomly to some sampled welders from population of 101 welders housed within 67 welding workshops located in the area of the study. The data collected from the questionnaire was arranged and analyzed using Chi-square from where it was revealed statistically that neither age nor years of experience on the job has influence the welders' compliance to the use of the protective eyewear while on duty in Abakaliki metropolis.
Wastewater and or water contamination due to Lead is of significant occupational and environmenta... more Wastewater and or water contamination due to Lead is of significant occupational and environmental concern because of the possibility of Lead to enter the food chain. There are numerous adsorbent used in adsorption of Lead in wastewater. This includes agricultural biomass, industrial sludge as well as activated carbon prepared from these materials. Recently, nanoparticles and nanocomposites have been synthesized and applied as nanoadsorbent for Lead removal from solution. This review highlights synthesis, characterization and application of nanoadsorbents for Lead adsorption in wastewater.
This study examined some geotechnical engineering properties of municipal solid waste contaminate... more This study examined some geotechnical engineering properties of municipal solid waste contaminated soils in selected locations in Nigeria. Samples of soil were collected at 0.5m depth from the selected dumpsite, and a free land (uncontaminated soil) which served as control. The properties of the soils investigated include: particle size distribution, natural moisture content, consistency limits, maximum dry density, optimum moisture content and specific gravity. Test results revealed that the contaminated soils possess lower plastic limit, maximum dry density and specific gravity than the uncontaminated soil. However, the contaminated soil yielded higher natural moisture content, liquid limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content and fine particles content than the uncontaminated soil. Therefore, within the limit of this study, it can be inferred that the geotechnical properties of the contaminated soil were reduced due to the influence of the municipal solid waste, and this m...
There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease (EVD),... more There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, and the public health burden that it ensues. Since 1976, there have been 885,343 suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of EVD and the disease has claimed 2,512 cases and 932 fatality in West Africa. There are certain requirements that must be met when responding to EVD outbreaks and this process could incur certain challenges. For the purposes of this paper, five have been identified: (i) the deficiency in the development and implementation of surveillance response systems against Ebola and others infectious disease outbreaks in Africa; (ii) the lack of education and knowledge resulting in an EVD outbreak triggering panic, anxiety, psychosocial trauma, isolation and dignity impounding, stigmatisation, community ostracism and resistance to associated socio-ecological and public health consequences; (iii) limited financial resources, human technical capacity and weak community and national health system operational plans for prevention and control responses, practices and management; (iv) inadequate leadership and coordination; and (v) the lack of development of new strategies, tools and approaches, such as improved diagnostics and novel therapies including vaccines which can assist in preventing, controlling and containing Ebola outbreaks as well as the spread of the disease. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop and implement an active early warning alert and surveillance response system for outbreak response and control of emerging infectious diseases. Understanding the unending risks of transmission dynamics and resurgence is essential in implementing rapid effective response interventions tailored to specific local settings and contexts. Therefore, the following actions are recommended: (i) national and regional inter-sectorial and trans-disciplinary surveillance response systems that include early warnings, as well as critical human resources development, must be quickly adopted by allied ministries and organisations in African countries in epidemic and pandemic responses; (ii) harnessing all stakeholders commitment and advocacy in sustained funding, collaboration, communication and networking including community participation to enhance a coordinated responses, as well as tracking and prompt case management to combat challenges; (iii) more research and development in new drug discovery and vaccines; and (iv) understanding the involvement of global health to promote the establishment of public health surveillance response systems with functions of early warning, as well as monitoring and evaluation in upholding research-action programmes and innovative interventions.
A survey of Fertility Cancer and Hereditary Risks in Soil Sample of Nasarawa was carried out. Thi... more A survey of Fertility Cancer and Hereditary Risks in Soil Sample of Nasarawa was carried out. This study assessed the level of Fertility Cancer and Hereditary Risks in some part of Nasarawa using the gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean concentration for 40K was 645.29 Ā± 07.32 Bq/kg, for 226Ra was 28.43 Ā± 4.8422 Bq/Kg and for 232Th was 66.84 Ā± 2.0201 Bq/Kg. The average effective dose due to the ingestion was 0.36Ā±0.1ĀµSv/y which was approximately 1000 times lower than the world average effective dose. Radium equivalent activity RaeqĀ (Bq/kg), alpha index and total cancer risk were found to be 161.44Ā±8.08 Bq/kg, 0.142Ā±0.02Ā and (0.21Ā±0.05) Ć10-5Ā respectively. UNSCEAR/ USEPA stipulated that; radium equivalent activity, alpha index, effective dose and total cancer risk should not exceed the limit of 370 Bq/kg, unity, 300 ĀµSv/y and 1 Ć10-4Ā respectively. Hence the values obtained in this work were within the acceptable limits. This implies that the ingestion or inhalation of soil is not associa...
Wave propagation through crystal was analysed using wave equation in conjunction with pseudo-diel... more Wave propagation through crystal was analysed using wave equation in conjunction with pseudo-dielectric function. Considered in the analysed were the patterns of propagated wave for UV, Visible and near Infrared for a particular value of dielectric constant of the crystal. The relationship between wavenumber and refractive, optical conductance and absorption coefficient were analysed. The effects of focusing angle on the crystal for various wavelength regions were also considered.
International Journal of Theoretical & Computational Physics, 2021
In general theory of relativity, Einsteinās field equations relate the geometry of space-time wit... more In general theory of relativity, Einsteinās field equations relate the geometry of space-time with the distribution of matter within it. These equations were first published by Einstein in the form of a tensor equation which related the local space-time curvature with the local energy and momentum within this space-time. In this article, Einsteinās geometrical field equations interior and exterior to astrophysically real or hypothetical distribution of mass within a spherical geometry were constructed and solved for field whose gravitational potential varies with time, radial distance and polar angle. The exterior solution was obtained using power series. The metric tensors and the solution of the Einsteinās exterior field equations used in this work has only one arbitrary function f(t,r,Īø) , and thus put the Einsteinās geometrical theory of gravitation on the same bases with the Newtonās dynamical theory of gravitation. The gravitational scalar potential f(t,r,Īø) obtained in this r...
Assessment of Radiation dose in computed tomography examination of Adult patient in Abuja and Kef... more Assessment of Radiation dose in computed tomography examination of Adult patient in Abuja and Keffi, Hospitals in Nigerian was carried out. The three study centers are National hospital Abuja, Garki hospital and federal Medical Centre Keffi, Nasarawa State. CT scan is considered to be the first investigative modality of choice for patient with severe head, chest and abdominal injuries. For us to achieve this, professionals must adhere to the principles of justification of practice and optimization of radiation protection. Dose report and scan parameters for head, chest and abdomen were assessed during seven months period at the three study centres. Ethical approval was obtained from the study centers. Data on CT Dose index (CTDI w) and dose length product (DLP) available and achieved on CT scanner control console was recorded for a minimum of 10 average sized patients for each facility to established a local Diagnostic reference level (LDRLs) and radiation dose optimization Data wer...
Assessment of Radiation dose in computed tomography examination of Adult patient in Abuja and Kef... more Assessment of Radiation dose in computed tomography examination of Adult patient in Abuja and Keffi, Hospitals in Nigerian was carried out. The three study centers are National hospital Abuja, Garki hospital and federal Medical Centre Keffi, Nasarawa State. CT scan is considered to be the first investigative modality of choice for patient with severe head, chest and abdominal injuries. For us to achieve this, professionals must adhere to the principles of justification of practice and optimization of radiation protection. Dose report and scan parameters for head, chest and abdomen were assessed during seven months period at the three study centres. Ethical approval was obtained from the study centers. Data on CT Dose index (CTDI w) and dose length product (DLP) available and achieved on CT scanner control console was recorded for a minimum of 10 average sized patients for each facility to established a local Diagnostic reference level (LDRLs) and radiation dose optimization Data wer...
This research intends to unveil the presence of radioisotopes in the soil of some mining sites in... more This research intends to unveil the presence of radioisotopes in the soil of some mining sites in Nasarawa of Nasarawa state using thermos-scientific interceptor (IdentiFINDER). The work aimed at detecting the presence, types and trust level of radioisotopes. The result showed that, 103Pd and 125I were found in 57% of the total points and the percentage abundance of the detector reached 50-65% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely found in the area, 109Cd was found in 15% of the total areas. The percentage abundance of the detector for 109Cd shows 50% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely to be found in the area, 241Am was found in 7% of the total areas. The percentage abundance of the detector for 241Am shows 81% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely found in the area, 235U was found in 7% of the total points. The percentage abundance of the detector for 235U reaches 57% indicating that, those radioisotopes are likely found in the area, 75Se was found ...
International Journal of Theoretical & Computational Physics, 2021
Golden metric tensors exterior to hypothetical distribution of mass whose field varies with time ... more Golden metric tensors exterior to hypothetical distribution of mass whose field varies with time and radial distance have been used to construct the coefficient of affine connections that invariably was used to obtained the Einsteinās equations of motion for test particles of non-zero rest masses. The expression for the variation of time on a clock moving in this gravitational field was derived using the time equation of motion. The test particles in this field under the condition of pure polar motion have an inverse square dependence velocity which depends on radial distance. Our result indicates that despite using the golden metric tensor, the inverse square dependence of the velocity on radial distance has not been changed.
In this work, we present the study of electromagnetic wave propagation through a medium with a va... more In this work, we present the study of electromagnetic wave propagation through a medium with a variable dielectric function using the concept of Gaussian Beam. First of all, we start with wave equation 2 2 2 2 ļ· ļø. With this, we analyze the dependency of r on Gaussian beam distribution spread, the distant from the axis at which the intensity of the beam distribution begins to fall at a given estimate 2 1 e of its peak value. The influence of the optimum beam waist w o and the beam spread on the intensity distribution will also be analyzed.
Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2014
This is substituted into a defined scalar wave equation in which the appropriate Green's Func... more This is substituted into a defined scalar wave equation in which the appropriate Green's Function was defined on it and solved using series technique. The green's value obtained from Green's Function was used in Dyson's and Lippmann Schwinger equations in conjunction with Born approximation method in computing the propagated field for different input regions of field wavelength during which the influence of the dielectric constants and mesh size of the thin film on the propagating field were depicted. The results obtained from the computed field were used in turn to generate the data that were used to compute the band gaps, solid state and optical properties of the thin film such as reflectance, Transmittance and reflectance with the band gap spelt.
This work focused on the study and analysis of the behavior of fringes formed by EM wave diffract... more This work focused on the study and analysis of the behavior of fringes formed by EM wave diffraction through small circular aperture of finite diameter on a cylindrical perfect conducting screen of a finite thickness, L. The nature of the fringes intensity formed on the perfect conducting screen was analyzed with reference to the three windows within EM spectrum such as ultraviolet, visible and infrared. The intensity of the fringes distribution was found to depend on the wavelength of the radiation associated to each window. The work also showed the different diffraction patterns that formed normal distribution pattern for different wavelengths within electromagnetic wave spectrum with a central fringes being more intense in each case than the others that appeared like background fringes. The graphs of the ratio of spectral energy to the conductivity of the screen plotted for the three windows considered in this work as a function of thickness of screen respectively.
In this work, the analytical study of optical properties and band gap of copper sulphide thin fil... more In this work, the analytical study of optical properties and band gap of copper sulphide thin film were carried out comparatively using two different but related depositional techniques done at room temperature. The techniques were (a) successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction and (b) chemical bath deposition. The film was characterized with emphasis on the optical properties within the spectral range of ultraviolet-infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum, Absorption coefficient depicts a maximal value of the band gap ranging from 1.45eV to 3.33 eV. Theoretically, scalar wave equation was used to analyze the behavior of wave propagated through the copper sulphide thin film for which computation of the optical properties such spectral transmittance, reflectance were computed. The band gap of the thin film was also computed for which all the computation was carried out within the same spectral range. In the analysis, it was observed that there was no significant deviation between the band gap obtained from the two different depositional techniques and the computed band gap.
Sludge is often generated from the treatment of wastewater and it is essential to reduce its volu... more Sludge is often generated from the treatment of wastewater and it is essential to reduce its volume before disposal into the environment through dewatering. This helps to reduce the cost of final sludge disposal. This study was therefore aimed at developing a model for the draining time of sludge through the application of vacuum pressure. A vacuum filtration experiment was performed on sewage sludge collected from the wastewater treatment plant situated at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The sludge sample was poured into Buchner funnel apparatus and the volume of the filtrate collected was noted at a certain time interval until the end of the experiment. The specific resistance values were obtained using the newly derived-, modified-, and Carman's-equation, respectively. A comparative study was carried out on the three values obtained and the results showed that the newly derived equation gave the best result. Overall, the newly derived equation demonstrated conformity with Carman's equation and can be used for sludge dewatering investigation. This paper covers a relevant subject within the field of waste treatment processes, namely the dewatering of sludge from wastewater treatment system and on a large scale, can aid in producing cost effective mechanism that makes it more possible for developing nations to incorporate adequate and effective sanitation.
International Journal of Theoretical & Computational Physics, Jul 3, 2021
Golden metric tensors exterior to hypothetical distribution of mass whose field varies with time ... more Golden metric tensors exterior to hypothetical distribution of mass whose field varies with time and radial distance have been used to construct the coefficient of affine connections that invariably was used to obtained the Einstein's equations of motion for test particles of non-zero rest masses. The expression for the variation of time on a clock moving in this gravitational field was derived using the time equation of motion. The test particles in this field under the condition of pure polar motion have an inverse square dependence velocity which depends on radial distance. Our result indicates that despite using the golden metric tensor, the inverse square dependence of the velocity on radial distance has not been changed.
Wave propagation through crystal was analysed using wave equation in conjunction with pseudo-diel... more Wave propagation through crystal was analysed using wave equation in conjunction with pseudo-dielectric function. Considered in the analysed were the patterns of propagated wave for UV, Visible and near Infrared for a particular value of dielectric constant of the crystal. The relationship between wavenumber and refractive, optical conductance and absorption coefficient were analysed. The effects of focusing angle on the crystal for various wavelength regions were also considered.
The study of the influence varied concentrations of ligand and annealing of chemically bath depos... more The study of the influence varied concentrations of ligand and annealing of chemically bath deposited PbS thin film has been carried out the influence of ligand on the optical, solid state, morphological and Electrical properties of the deposited thin films has been investigated. The absorbance, transmittance from the UV-VIS spectrophotometer and other parameters such as absorption coefficient, reflectance, energy band gap, optical conductivity indicate that there is a effect of ligand variation on the properties and the absorption coefficient of the films was found to increase as the concentration of ligand as they annealed to the same temperature and in all case they decreases towards longer wavelength region and the energy band gap was observed to increase from 1.61 to 3.71 eV as the concentration of ligand increases. The surface morphology of the SEM micrographs result shows that the deposited thin films are of polycrystalline and the particle grains are evenly distributed across the substrate's surface indicates that the grain sizes of the films are dependent on the molar concentration of ligand increases while the XRD showed where the preferential plane with highest diffraction intensity is located.
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Papers by Emmanuel I F E A N Y I Ugwu