Nanomaterials are materials with dimensions between 1 and 100 nm, tiny in size, with at least one... more Nanomaterials are materials with dimensions between 1 and 100 nm, tiny in size, with at least one dimension ≤ 100 nm. A new category of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials replaces the traditional semi-quantum dots. Carbon dots (CDs) have been explored in the last few years for their simple synthetic accession, good bio-consonance and several revelation applications. The properties, such as distinct photoelectronic and fluorescent properties, chemical inertness, etc., make CDs well-positioned to achieve unprecedented performance. The characteristics features like high photostability, biocompatibility, straightforward synthetic methods, flexible designability, etc., makes CDs the next generation of fluorescent probes.
A series of ferrocenyl chalcones using acetylferrocene, with ferrocenyl group at the keto carbony... more A series of ferrocenyl chalcones using acetylferrocene, with ferrocenyl group at the keto carbonyl group, and different aldehydes were synthesized and their bioefficacy evaluation was done against Sclerotium rolfsii, Alternaria solani and Meloidogyne incognita. In continuation of our quest for potent crop protection products, in the present study, a series of 18 substituted ferrocenyl chalcones were synthesized in which ferrocenyl group was attached to the aldehyde moiety, using ferrocenecarboxyaldehyde and different acetophenones by microwave method (MM) and conventional method (CM) [cf: MM 1 to 5 min; CM 12-40 h] and characterized by various techniques viz. IR, LC-HRMS, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR. In vitro fungicidal activity showed that compound, (2E)-1-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-ferrocenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (34) (ED 50 ¼ 21.50 mg L À1) was found to be most active against S. rolfsii and compound, (2E)-1-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-ferrocenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (21) (ED 50 ¼ 31.14 mg L À1) showed highest activity against A. solani. As regards nematicidal activity, compound (2E)-1-(3-Bromophenyl)-3-ferrocenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (29) was more potent with LC 50 values of 11.95, 8.07 and 4.34 mg L À1 at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. QSAR study revealed that MLR for S. rolfsii (r 2 ¼ 0.9834, q 2 ¼ 0.8975) and A. solani (r 2 ¼ 0.9807, q 2 ¼ 0.8713) and PLS for M. incognita (r 2 ¼ 0.9023, q 2 ¼ 0.7818) were the best models.
The usage of phytochemical supplements over past two decades has steadily increased worldwide. Po... more The usage of phytochemical supplements over past two decades has steadily increased worldwide. Popularity of these products has been especially notable among people in western countries, where almost 20% of consumers report regular usage of such supplements. Supramolecular interventions are being viewed with tremendous research inputs. Supramolecular chemistry refers to the area of chemistry beyond the molecules and focuses on the chemical systems made up of discrete number of assembled molecular subunits or components. The forces responsible for the spatial organization may vary and include mainly (intermolecular forces, electrostatic or hydrogen bonding). While traditional chemistry focuses on the covalent bond, supramolecular chemistry examines the weaker and reversible non-covalent interactions between molecules. In spite of the popularity of these phytochemical supplements, the actual efficacy has remained elusive for many of these supplements due to poor bioavailability. To improve the efficacy of these agents, researchers and manufacturers have been adopting novel drug formulation technologies to enhance phytochemical bioavailability. Cyclodextrins, cyclic oligosaccharides obtained from the degradation of starch, can be viable as an encapsulant for the plant bioactive compounds. Solubility and oral bioavailability of rutin (Flavanoid glycoside) was improved by complexation with HP-β-CD (2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin). Phytosome ® has been reported as an improved delivery system for oral bioavailability of polyphenolics through enhancement of rate and extent of solubility into aqueous intestinal fluids and capacity to cross bio membranes. Liposomes are extremely versatile supramolecules being developed and used as efficient carriers for drug delivery. Thus, improved phytochemical delivery through supramolecule chemistry may open up a new phase of operations in the "drug war" between humans and plants.
Seed spices, which are traditionally employed for flavor enhancement, coloration and food preserv... more Seed spices, which are traditionally employed for flavor enhancement, coloration and food preservation, have long been recognized for their medicinal properties within the domain of traditional medicine systems. Recent advancements in seed spice technology, coupled with expanded knowledge of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of these plants, have spurred comprehensive investigations into their potential health benefits. Pioneering experimental research, encompassing both animal studies and human trials, has revealed numerous health-promoting attributes associated with these commonplace culinary additives. These investigations have meticulously documented an array of health benefits attributed to seed spices, including their stimulatory effects on digestion, ability to lower lipid levels, influence on diabetes management, capacity to prevent stone formation, antioxidant properties, and anti-inflammatory characteristics, as well as their potential to inhibit mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Notably, certain spices have garnered attention for their profound nutraceutical value due to their cholesterol-lowering and antidiabetic properties, suggesting far-reaching implications for health enhancement. These advantageous physiological effects not only signify potential nutraceutical applications but also suggest promising therapeutic interventions across various disease conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the experimental evidence underpinning the nutraceutical potential inherent in spices.
In recent years, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has evolved as a crop cultivated in diversi... more In recent years, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has evolved as a crop cultivated in diversified agro-ecologies that can fit into sustainable agriculture systems. The plant is a good source of protein, and oil, and has potential uses in textiles, construction, biofuel, and medicine due to its low level of tetrahydro-cannabinol (THC). Hemp provides several ecosystem services viz. improvement in soil physical, chemical & biological health, remediation of polluted soils, biochar production, and carbon sequestration thus aiding in mitigating the impact of climate change. Therefore, the overarching goal of this article is to provide (a) brief information about different agronomic practices, benefits, and industrial uses (b) to recognize fundamental research opportunities, and raise awareness among the researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders regarding sustainable hemp production in the country.
In order to explore new antifungal agrochemicals, we reported the synthesis of two series 5a-f, 6... more In order to explore new antifungal agrochemicals, we reported the synthesis of two series 5a-f, 6 and 7a-f, 8 of benzothiazole-appended bis-triazole derivative-based structural isomers using a molecular hybridization approach. The synthesized compounds were tested for fungal growth inhibition against the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. All the synthesized compounds showed excellent antifungal activity in their minimum concentrations (10-0.62 mM). Among all the synthetics, compounds 5b (ED 50 : 2.33 mM), 5f (ED 50 : 0.96 mM), and 7f (ED 50 : 1.48 mM) exerted a superior inhibitory effect in comparison to the commercially available fungicide, hexaconazole (ED 50 : 2.44 mM). The binding interactions of the active compounds 5f, 7f, 6, and 8 within the active site of the sterol 14a-demethylase enzyme were studied with the help of molecular docking studies. The studies revealed that these hybrid pharmacophores could be used as an important intermediate to demonstrate new structural isomer-based fungicides.
Nanomaterials are materials with dimensions between 1 and 100 nm, tiny in size, with at least one... more Nanomaterials are materials with dimensions between 1 and 100 nm, tiny in size, with at least one dimension ≤ 100 nm. A new category of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials replaces the traditional semi-quantum dots. Carbon dots (CDs) have been explored in the last few years for their simple synthetic accession, good bio-consonance and several revelation applications. The properties, such as distinct photoelectronic and fluorescent properties, chemical inertness, etc., make CDs well-positioned to achieve unprecedented performance. The characteristics features like high photostability, biocompatibility, straightforward synthetic methods, flexible designability, etc., makes CDs the next generation of fluorescent probes.
A series of ferrocenyl chalcones using acetylferrocene, with ferrocenyl group at the keto carbony... more A series of ferrocenyl chalcones using acetylferrocene, with ferrocenyl group at the keto carbonyl group, and different aldehydes were synthesized and their bioefficacy evaluation was done against Sclerotium rolfsii, Alternaria solani and Meloidogyne incognita. In continuation of our quest for potent crop protection products, in the present study, a series of 18 substituted ferrocenyl chalcones were synthesized in which ferrocenyl group was attached to the aldehyde moiety, using ferrocenecarboxyaldehyde and different acetophenones by microwave method (MM) and conventional method (CM) [cf: MM 1 to 5 min; CM 12-40 h] and characterized by various techniques viz. IR, LC-HRMS, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR. In vitro fungicidal activity showed that compound, (2E)-1-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-ferrocenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (34) (ED 50 ¼ 21.50 mg L À1) was found to be most active against S. rolfsii and compound, (2E)-1-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-ferrocenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (21) (ED 50 ¼ 31.14 mg L À1) showed highest activity against A. solani. As regards nematicidal activity, compound (2E)-1-(3-Bromophenyl)-3-ferrocenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (29) was more potent with LC 50 values of 11.95, 8.07 and 4.34 mg L À1 at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. QSAR study revealed that MLR for S. rolfsii (r 2 ¼ 0.9834, q 2 ¼ 0.8975) and A. solani (r 2 ¼ 0.9807, q 2 ¼ 0.8713) and PLS for M. incognita (r 2 ¼ 0.9023, q 2 ¼ 0.7818) were the best models.
The usage of phytochemical supplements over past two decades has steadily increased worldwide. Po... more The usage of phytochemical supplements over past two decades has steadily increased worldwide. Popularity of these products has been especially notable among people in western countries, where almost 20% of consumers report regular usage of such supplements. Supramolecular interventions are being viewed with tremendous research inputs. Supramolecular chemistry refers to the area of chemistry beyond the molecules and focuses on the chemical systems made up of discrete number of assembled molecular subunits or components. The forces responsible for the spatial organization may vary and include mainly (intermolecular forces, electrostatic or hydrogen bonding). While traditional chemistry focuses on the covalent bond, supramolecular chemistry examines the weaker and reversible non-covalent interactions between molecules. In spite of the popularity of these phytochemical supplements, the actual efficacy has remained elusive for many of these supplements due to poor bioavailability. To improve the efficacy of these agents, researchers and manufacturers have been adopting novel drug formulation technologies to enhance phytochemical bioavailability. Cyclodextrins, cyclic oligosaccharides obtained from the degradation of starch, can be viable as an encapsulant for the plant bioactive compounds. Solubility and oral bioavailability of rutin (Flavanoid glycoside) was improved by complexation with HP-β-CD (2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin). Phytosome ® has been reported as an improved delivery system for oral bioavailability of polyphenolics through enhancement of rate and extent of solubility into aqueous intestinal fluids and capacity to cross bio membranes. Liposomes are extremely versatile supramolecules being developed and used as efficient carriers for drug delivery. Thus, improved phytochemical delivery through supramolecule chemistry may open up a new phase of operations in the "drug war" between humans and plants.
Seed spices, which are traditionally employed for flavor enhancement, coloration and food preserv... more Seed spices, which are traditionally employed for flavor enhancement, coloration and food preservation, have long been recognized for their medicinal properties within the domain of traditional medicine systems. Recent advancements in seed spice technology, coupled with expanded knowledge of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of these plants, have spurred comprehensive investigations into their potential health benefits. Pioneering experimental research, encompassing both animal studies and human trials, has revealed numerous health-promoting attributes associated with these commonplace culinary additives. These investigations have meticulously documented an array of health benefits attributed to seed spices, including their stimulatory effects on digestion, ability to lower lipid levels, influence on diabetes management, capacity to prevent stone formation, antioxidant properties, and anti-inflammatory characteristics, as well as their potential to inhibit mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Notably, certain spices have garnered attention for their profound nutraceutical value due to their cholesterol-lowering and antidiabetic properties, suggesting far-reaching implications for health enhancement. These advantageous physiological effects not only signify potential nutraceutical applications but also suggest promising therapeutic interventions across various disease conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the experimental evidence underpinning the nutraceutical potential inherent in spices.
In recent years, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has evolved as a crop cultivated in diversi... more In recent years, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has evolved as a crop cultivated in diversified agro-ecologies that can fit into sustainable agriculture systems. The plant is a good source of protein, and oil, and has potential uses in textiles, construction, biofuel, and medicine due to its low level of tetrahydro-cannabinol (THC). Hemp provides several ecosystem services viz. improvement in soil physical, chemical & biological health, remediation of polluted soils, biochar production, and carbon sequestration thus aiding in mitigating the impact of climate change. Therefore, the overarching goal of this article is to provide (a) brief information about different agronomic practices, benefits, and industrial uses (b) to recognize fundamental research opportunities, and raise awareness among the researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders regarding sustainable hemp production in the country.
In order to explore new antifungal agrochemicals, we reported the synthesis of two series 5a-f, 6... more In order to explore new antifungal agrochemicals, we reported the synthesis of two series 5a-f, 6 and 7a-f, 8 of benzothiazole-appended bis-triazole derivative-based structural isomers using a molecular hybridization approach. The synthesized compounds were tested for fungal growth inhibition against the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. All the synthesized compounds showed excellent antifungal activity in their minimum concentrations (10-0.62 mM). Among all the synthetics, compounds 5b (ED 50 : 2.33 mM), 5f (ED 50 : 0.96 mM), and 7f (ED 50 : 1.48 mM) exerted a superior inhibitory effect in comparison to the commercially available fungicide, hexaconazole (ED 50 : 2.44 mM). The binding interactions of the active compounds 5f, 7f, 6, and 8 within the active site of the sterol 14a-demethylase enzyme were studied with the help of molecular docking studies. The studies revealed that these hybrid pharmacophores could be used as an important intermediate to demonstrate new structural isomer-based fungicides.
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