Yogurt is a good source of several micronutrients and has played an important role in human nutri... more Yogurt is a good source of several micronutrients and has played an important role in human nutrition. Consumption of yogurt has been shown to promote health benefits due to the presence of live bacteria. A number of human studies have demonstrated that yogurt contains viable bacteria, and especially L. bulgaricus, improve the health of the host and thus qualifies as a bona fide probiotic in its own right. In this chapter, we review the literature covering attributes of the yogurt bacterium L. bulgaricus that confirm its probiotic bacterial characteristics.
In this study, the impact of seven different gums on textural and microbiological properties of g... more In this study, the impact of seven different gums on textural and microbiological properties of goat milk yogurt during refrigerated storage was investigated. The results showed that yogurt containing xanthan and locust bean gums had enhanced firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, and viscosity during four weeks of storage compared to the control and yogurt fortified with other gums (p < 0.05). The addition of gums also helped to maintain the microbial viability of the yogurt culture and the probiotic Bifidobacterium spp. This study thus demonstrated that these gums could be used in the production of goat milk yogurt with enhanced textural properties.
Proceedings of the 2007 National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, 2009
Page 1. Significance of Bile Salt Tolerant Lactobacillus reuteri Siham A. Ahmed, Salam A. Ibrahim... more Page 1. Significance of Bile Salt Tolerant Lactobacillus reuteri Siham A. Ahmed, Salam A. Ibrahim, Chyer Kim, and Abolghasem Shahbazi Abstract Probiotic supplements have received worldwide attention due to their health benefits. ...
In an age-appropriate activity developed by a researcher-teacher team working together under the ... more In an age-appropriate activity developed by a researcher-teacher team working together under the auspices of the American Chemical Science Coaches Program, middle school students at the Greensboro Montessori School (1) learned about the microbiological basis of fermentation, (2) learned about the chemical changes that take place during the fermentation of milk into yogurt, (3) applied this basic knowledge to designing and implementing experiments to test different conditions for culturing yogurt, (4) assessed the outcomes of different culturing conditions, and (5) developed a method for producing yogurt. This exercise includes hypothesis formulation, experimental design, and hypothesis testing and serves as an example of how empirically derived knowledge can be applied to the design of a food product.
This review aims to familiarize the reader with research efforts on the cultivation media of lact... more This review aims to familiarize the reader with research efforts on the cultivation media of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). We have also included a brief discussion on standard ingredients used in LAB media and chemically defined media as related to bacterial growth requirements. Recent research has focused on modifying standard media for the enumeration, differentiation, isolation, and identification of starter cultures and probiotics. Even though large numbers of these media have been developed to serve dairy microbial control, they have failed to provide consistent results. The research consequently points to the need to develop a reliable lactobacilli growth medium for the dairy industry.
Research on lactic acid bacteria has confirmed how specific strains possess probiotic properties ... more Research on lactic acid bacteria has confirmed how specific strains possess probiotic properties and impart unique sensory characteristics to food products. The use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in many food products, thus confers various health benefits to humans when they are frequently consumed in adequate amounts. The advent of functional food or the concept of nutraceuticals objectively places more emphasis on seeking alternatives to limit the use of medications thus promoting the regular consumption of fermented foods. Probiotic use has thus been recommended to fulfill the role of nutraceuticals, as no side effects on human health have been reported. Probiotics and lactic acid bacteria can boost and strengthen the human immune system, thereby increasing its resistance against numerous disease conditions. Consumer safety and confidence in dairy and fermented food products and the desire of the food industry to meet the sensory and health needs of consumers, has thus i...
It is now well accepted that protease activated receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR4 have differential roles... more It is now well accepted that protease activated receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR4 have differential roles in platelet activation. PAR4, a low-affinity thrombin receptor in human platelets, participates in sustained platelet activation in a P2Y12-dependent manner; however, the mechanisms are not defined. Our previous studies demonstrated that thrombin induces the association of PAR4 with P2Y12, together with arrestin recruitment to the complex. Here we show that PAR4 and P2Y12 directly interact to coregulate Akt signaling after PAR4 activation. We observed direct and specific interaction of P2Y12 with PAR4 but not PAR1 by bioluminescent resonance energy transfer when the receptors were coexpressed in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. PAR4-P2Y12 dimerization was promoted by PAR4-AP and inhibited by P2Y12 antagonist. By using sequence comparison of the transmembrane domains of PAR1 and PAR4, we designed a mutant form of PAR4, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;PAR4SFT,&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; by replacing LGL194-196 at the base of transmembrane domain 4 with the corresponding aligned PAR1 residues SFT 220-222. PAR4SFT supported only 8.74% of PAR4-P2Y12 interaction, abolishing P2Y12-dependent arrestin recruitment to PAR4 and Akt activation. Nonetheless, PAR4SFT still supported homodimerization with PAR4. PAR4SFT failed to induce a calcium flux when expressed independently; however, coexpression of increasing concentrations of PAR4SFT, together with PAR4 potentiated PAR4-mediated calcium flux, suggested that PAR4 act as homodimers to signal to Gq-coupled calcium responses. In conclusion, PAR4 LGL (194-196) governs agonist-dependent association of PAR4 with P2Y12 and contributes to Gq-coupled calcium responses. PAR4-P2Y12 association supports arrestin-mediated sustained signaling to Akt. Hence, PAR4-P2Y12 dimerization is likely to be important for the PAR4-P2Y12 dependent stabilization of platelet thrombi.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2010
Prostacyclin and thromboxane mediate opposing cardiovascular effects through their receptors, the... more Prostacyclin and thromboxane mediate opposing cardiovascular effects through their receptors, the prostacyclin receptor (IP) and thromboxane receptor (TP). Individuals heterozygous for an IP variant, IP(R212C), displayed exaggerated loss of platelet IP responsiveness and accelerated cardiovascular disease. We examined association of IP(R212C) into homo- and heterodimeric receptor complexes and the impact on prostacyclin and thromboxane biology. Dimerization of the IP, IP(R212C), and TPalpha was examined by bioluminesence resonance energy transfer in transfected HEK293 cells. We observed an equal propensity for formation of IPIP homodimers and IPTPalpha heterodimers. Compared with the IP alone, IP(R212C) displayed reduced cAMP generation and increased endoplasmic reticulum localization but underwent normal homo- and heterodimerization. When the IP(R212C) and IP were coexpressed, a dominant negative action of the variant was evident with enhanced wild-type IP localization to the endoplasmic reticulum and reduced agonist-dependent signaling. Further, the TPalpha activation response, which was shifted from inositol phosphate to cAMP generation following IPTPalpha heterodimerization, was normalized when the TPalpha instead dimerized with IP(R212C). IP(R212C) exerts a dominant action on the wild-type IP and TPalpha through dimerization. This likely contributes to accelerated cardiovascular disease in individuals carrying 1 copy of the variant allele.
In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 8014), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393), Lactobacillus... more In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 8014), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393), Lactobacillus lactis (ATCC 7830) and Lactobacillus fermentum (ATCC 9338) and L. reuteri strains were isolated from goat, sheep, cattle and camel rumen. The bacterial strains were cultured anaerobically in MRS broth and MRS agar at 37±1°C and administered (10 6 CFU/mL) separately to 1 day-old Lohman, Hubbard and Ross broiler chicks once a week for four weeks. The microbial strains showed potential for improving synthesis of B12, B6, lysine, methionine and cystine in all breeds as well as lowering cholesterol levels in poultry meat and liver. The L. reuteri strain led to B6 and B12 concentrations of 31% and 8.8%, respectively, in the Lohman breed. In meat leg, there was a 30 and 80% increase in vitamin B6 and B12, respectively, and 27% cholesterol reduction by Hubbard administered L. reuteri. Lohman, Hubbard and Ross broiler breeds showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in vitamin and amino acid syn...
Organosulfur compounds are the basis for the unique aroma of Lentinula edodes, and cysteine sulfo... more Organosulfur compounds are the basis for the unique aroma of Lentinula edodes, and cysteine sulfoxide lyase (C-S lyase) is the key enzyme in this trait. The enzyme from Alliium sativum has been crystallized and well-characterized; however, there have been no reports of the characterization of fungi C-S lyase at the molecular level. We identified a L. edodes C-S lyase (Lecsl), cloned a gene of Csl encoded Lecsl and then combined modeling, simulations, and experiments to understand the molecular basis of the function of Lecsl. Our analysis revealed Lecsl to be a novel cysteine desulfurase and not a type of cysteine sulfoxide lyase. The pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) molecule bonded tightly to Lecsl to form a Lecsl-PLP complex. Moreover, the Lecsl had one active center that served to bind two kinds of substrates, S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide and L-cysteine, and had both cysteine sulfoxide lyase and cysteine desulfurase activity. We found that the amino acid residue Asn393 was essential f...
Proceedings of the 2007 National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, 2009
Page 1. The Effect of Insulin from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Extract on Growth a... more Page 1. The Effect of Insulin from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Extract on Growth and Viability of Lactobacillus salivarius in Fermented Milk Souod R. Alani, Angela M. Fraser, Mustafa A. Alsharafani, Farouk F. Al-Nouri, and Salam A. Ibrahim ...
Theaflavins including theaflavin (TF), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF3G), theaflavin-3&amp;amp;amp;... more Theaflavins including theaflavin (TF), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF3G), theaflavin-3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;-gallate (TF3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;G), and theaflavin-3,3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;-digallate (TFDG), are the most important bioactive polyphenols in black tea. Because of their poor systemic bioavailability, it is still unclear how these compounds can exert their biological functions. The objective of this study is to identify the microbial metabolites of theaflavins in mice and in humans. In the present study, we gavaged specific pathogen free (SPF) mice and germ free (GF) mice with 200 mg/kg TFDG and identified TF, TF3G, TF3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;G, and gallic acid as the major fecal metabolites of TFDG in SPF mice. These metabolites were absent in TFDG- gavaged GF mice. The microbial bioconversion of TFDG, TF3G, and TF3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;G was also investigated in vitro using fecal slurries collected from three healthy human subjects. Our results indicate that TFDG is metabolized to TF, TF3G, TF3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;G, gallic acid, and pyrogallol by human microbiota. Moreover, both TF3G and TF3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;G are metabolized to TF, gallic acid, and pyrogallol by human microbiota. Importantly, we observed interindividual differences on the metabolism rate of gallic acid to pyrogallol among the three human subjects. In addition, we demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Bacillus subtilis have the capacity to metabolize TFDG. The microbiota is important for the metabolism of theaflavins in both mice and humans. The in vivo functional impact of microbiota-generated theaflavins-derived metabolites is worthwhile of further study.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1992
... Chem., 51 (1979) 207. 18. ME WRENN, NP SINGH, SA IBRAHIM, N. COHEN, Anal. Chem., 50 (1978) 17... more ... Chem., 51 (1979) 207. 18. ME WRENN, NP SINGH, SA IBRAHIM, N. COHEN, Anal. Chem., 50 (1978) 1712. 19. ... &quot;~ 33. L. MCDOWELL-BOYER, AP WATSON, CC TRAVIS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, NUREG/CR-0574, Oak Ridge, TN, 1979. 267
Yogurt is a good source of several micronutrients and has played an important role in human nutri... more Yogurt is a good source of several micronutrients and has played an important role in human nutrition. Consumption of yogurt has been shown to promote health benefits due to the presence of live bacteria. A number of human studies have demonstrated that yogurt contains viable bacteria, and especially L. bulgaricus, improve the health of the host and thus qualifies as a bona fide probiotic in its own right. In this chapter, we review the literature covering attributes of the yogurt bacterium L. bulgaricus that confirm its probiotic bacterial characteristics.
In this study, the impact of seven different gums on textural and microbiological properties of g... more In this study, the impact of seven different gums on textural and microbiological properties of goat milk yogurt during refrigerated storage was investigated. The results showed that yogurt containing xanthan and locust bean gums had enhanced firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, and viscosity during four weeks of storage compared to the control and yogurt fortified with other gums (p < 0.05). The addition of gums also helped to maintain the microbial viability of the yogurt culture and the probiotic Bifidobacterium spp. This study thus demonstrated that these gums could be used in the production of goat milk yogurt with enhanced textural properties.
Proceedings of the 2007 National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, 2009
Page 1. Significance of Bile Salt Tolerant Lactobacillus reuteri Siham A. Ahmed, Salam A. Ibrahim... more Page 1. Significance of Bile Salt Tolerant Lactobacillus reuteri Siham A. Ahmed, Salam A. Ibrahim, Chyer Kim, and Abolghasem Shahbazi Abstract Probiotic supplements have received worldwide attention due to their health benefits. ...
In an age-appropriate activity developed by a researcher-teacher team working together under the ... more In an age-appropriate activity developed by a researcher-teacher team working together under the auspices of the American Chemical Science Coaches Program, middle school students at the Greensboro Montessori School (1) learned about the microbiological basis of fermentation, (2) learned about the chemical changes that take place during the fermentation of milk into yogurt, (3) applied this basic knowledge to designing and implementing experiments to test different conditions for culturing yogurt, (4) assessed the outcomes of different culturing conditions, and (5) developed a method for producing yogurt. This exercise includes hypothesis formulation, experimental design, and hypothesis testing and serves as an example of how empirically derived knowledge can be applied to the design of a food product.
This review aims to familiarize the reader with research efforts on the cultivation media of lact... more This review aims to familiarize the reader with research efforts on the cultivation media of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). We have also included a brief discussion on standard ingredients used in LAB media and chemically defined media as related to bacterial growth requirements. Recent research has focused on modifying standard media for the enumeration, differentiation, isolation, and identification of starter cultures and probiotics. Even though large numbers of these media have been developed to serve dairy microbial control, they have failed to provide consistent results. The research consequently points to the need to develop a reliable lactobacilli growth medium for the dairy industry.
Research on lactic acid bacteria has confirmed how specific strains possess probiotic properties ... more Research on lactic acid bacteria has confirmed how specific strains possess probiotic properties and impart unique sensory characteristics to food products. The use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in many food products, thus confers various health benefits to humans when they are frequently consumed in adequate amounts. The advent of functional food or the concept of nutraceuticals objectively places more emphasis on seeking alternatives to limit the use of medications thus promoting the regular consumption of fermented foods. Probiotic use has thus been recommended to fulfill the role of nutraceuticals, as no side effects on human health have been reported. Probiotics and lactic acid bacteria can boost and strengthen the human immune system, thereby increasing its resistance against numerous disease conditions. Consumer safety and confidence in dairy and fermented food products and the desire of the food industry to meet the sensory and health needs of consumers, has thus i...
It is now well accepted that protease activated receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR4 have differential roles... more It is now well accepted that protease activated receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR4 have differential roles in platelet activation. PAR4, a low-affinity thrombin receptor in human platelets, participates in sustained platelet activation in a P2Y12-dependent manner; however, the mechanisms are not defined. Our previous studies demonstrated that thrombin induces the association of PAR4 with P2Y12, together with arrestin recruitment to the complex. Here we show that PAR4 and P2Y12 directly interact to coregulate Akt signaling after PAR4 activation. We observed direct and specific interaction of P2Y12 with PAR4 but not PAR1 by bioluminescent resonance energy transfer when the receptors were coexpressed in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. PAR4-P2Y12 dimerization was promoted by PAR4-AP and inhibited by P2Y12 antagonist. By using sequence comparison of the transmembrane domains of PAR1 and PAR4, we designed a mutant form of PAR4, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;PAR4SFT,&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; by replacing LGL194-196 at the base of transmembrane domain 4 with the corresponding aligned PAR1 residues SFT 220-222. PAR4SFT supported only 8.74% of PAR4-P2Y12 interaction, abolishing P2Y12-dependent arrestin recruitment to PAR4 and Akt activation. Nonetheless, PAR4SFT still supported homodimerization with PAR4. PAR4SFT failed to induce a calcium flux when expressed independently; however, coexpression of increasing concentrations of PAR4SFT, together with PAR4 potentiated PAR4-mediated calcium flux, suggested that PAR4 act as homodimers to signal to Gq-coupled calcium responses. In conclusion, PAR4 LGL (194-196) governs agonist-dependent association of PAR4 with P2Y12 and contributes to Gq-coupled calcium responses. PAR4-P2Y12 association supports arrestin-mediated sustained signaling to Akt. Hence, PAR4-P2Y12 dimerization is likely to be important for the PAR4-P2Y12 dependent stabilization of platelet thrombi.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2010
Prostacyclin and thromboxane mediate opposing cardiovascular effects through their receptors, the... more Prostacyclin and thromboxane mediate opposing cardiovascular effects through their receptors, the prostacyclin receptor (IP) and thromboxane receptor (TP). Individuals heterozygous for an IP variant, IP(R212C), displayed exaggerated loss of platelet IP responsiveness and accelerated cardiovascular disease. We examined association of IP(R212C) into homo- and heterodimeric receptor complexes and the impact on prostacyclin and thromboxane biology. Dimerization of the IP, IP(R212C), and TPalpha was examined by bioluminesence resonance energy transfer in transfected HEK293 cells. We observed an equal propensity for formation of IPIP homodimers and IPTPalpha heterodimers. Compared with the IP alone, IP(R212C) displayed reduced cAMP generation and increased endoplasmic reticulum localization but underwent normal homo- and heterodimerization. When the IP(R212C) and IP were coexpressed, a dominant negative action of the variant was evident with enhanced wild-type IP localization to the endoplasmic reticulum and reduced agonist-dependent signaling. Further, the TPalpha activation response, which was shifted from inositol phosphate to cAMP generation following IPTPalpha heterodimerization, was normalized when the TPalpha instead dimerized with IP(R212C). IP(R212C) exerts a dominant action on the wild-type IP and TPalpha through dimerization. This likely contributes to accelerated cardiovascular disease in individuals carrying 1 copy of the variant allele.
In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 8014), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393), Lactobacillus... more In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC 8014), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393), Lactobacillus lactis (ATCC 7830) and Lactobacillus fermentum (ATCC 9338) and L. reuteri strains were isolated from goat, sheep, cattle and camel rumen. The bacterial strains were cultured anaerobically in MRS broth and MRS agar at 37±1°C and administered (10 6 CFU/mL) separately to 1 day-old Lohman, Hubbard and Ross broiler chicks once a week for four weeks. The microbial strains showed potential for improving synthesis of B12, B6, lysine, methionine and cystine in all breeds as well as lowering cholesterol levels in poultry meat and liver. The L. reuteri strain led to B6 and B12 concentrations of 31% and 8.8%, respectively, in the Lohman breed. In meat leg, there was a 30 and 80% increase in vitamin B6 and B12, respectively, and 27% cholesterol reduction by Hubbard administered L. reuteri. Lohman, Hubbard and Ross broiler breeds showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in vitamin and amino acid syn...
Organosulfur compounds are the basis for the unique aroma of Lentinula edodes, and cysteine sulfo... more Organosulfur compounds are the basis for the unique aroma of Lentinula edodes, and cysteine sulfoxide lyase (C-S lyase) is the key enzyme in this trait. The enzyme from Alliium sativum has been crystallized and well-characterized; however, there have been no reports of the characterization of fungi C-S lyase at the molecular level. We identified a L. edodes C-S lyase (Lecsl), cloned a gene of Csl encoded Lecsl and then combined modeling, simulations, and experiments to understand the molecular basis of the function of Lecsl. Our analysis revealed Lecsl to be a novel cysteine desulfurase and not a type of cysteine sulfoxide lyase. The pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) molecule bonded tightly to Lecsl to form a Lecsl-PLP complex. Moreover, the Lecsl had one active center that served to bind two kinds of substrates, S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide and L-cysteine, and had both cysteine sulfoxide lyase and cysteine desulfurase activity. We found that the amino acid residue Asn393 was essential f...
Proceedings of the 2007 National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, 2009
Page 1. The Effect of Insulin from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Extract on Growth a... more Page 1. The Effect of Insulin from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Extract on Growth and Viability of Lactobacillus salivarius in Fermented Milk Souod R. Alani, Angela M. Fraser, Mustafa A. Alsharafani, Farouk F. Al-Nouri, and Salam A. Ibrahim ...
Theaflavins including theaflavin (TF), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF3G), theaflavin-3&amp;amp;amp;... more Theaflavins including theaflavin (TF), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF3G), theaflavin-3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;-gallate (TF3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;G), and theaflavin-3,3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;-digallate (TFDG), are the most important bioactive polyphenols in black tea. Because of their poor systemic bioavailability, it is still unclear how these compounds can exert their biological functions. The objective of this study is to identify the microbial metabolites of theaflavins in mice and in humans. In the present study, we gavaged specific pathogen free (SPF) mice and germ free (GF) mice with 200 mg/kg TFDG and identified TF, TF3G, TF3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;G, and gallic acid as the major fecal metabolites of TFDG in SPF mice. These metabolites were absent in TFDG- gavaged GF mice. The microbial bioconversion of TFDG, TF3G, and TF3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;G was also investigated in vitro using fecal slurries collected from three healthy human subjects. Our results indicate that TFDG is metabolized to TF, TF3G, TF3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;G, gallic acid, and pyrogallol by human microbiota. Moreover, both TF3G and TF3&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;G are metabolized to TF, gallic acid, and pyrogallol by human microbiota. Importantly, we observed interindividual differences on the metabolism rate of gallic acid to pyrogallol among the three human subjects. In addition, we demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Bacillus subtilis have the capacity to metabolize TFDG. The microbiota is important for the metabolism of theaflavins in both mice and humans. The in vivo functional impact of microbiota-generated theaflavins-derived metabolites is worthwhile of further study.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1992
... Chem., 51 (1979) 207. 18. ME WRENN, NP SINGH, SA IBRAHIM, N. COHEN, Anal. Chem., 50 (1978) 17... more ... Chem., 51 (1979) 207. 18. ME WRENN, NP SINGH, SA IBRAHIM, N. COHEN, Anal. Chem., 50 (1978) 1712. 19. ... &quot;~ 33. L. MCDOWELL-BOYER, AP WATSON, CC TRAVIS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, NUREG/CR-0574, Oak Ridge, TN, 1979. 267
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