An unknown number of people with a relevant connection to the Sámi nation in terms of culture, id... more An unknown number of people with a relevant connection to the Sámi nation in terms of culture, identity, or social integration, are not registered in the Sámediggi Electoral Roll (SER). This chapter develops a conceptual framework to describe different categories of people who, for various reasons, remain unregistered. The framework is explored empirically, using qualitative interviews. We first discuss how different people with a Sámi connection perceive the role and function of the SER. Secondly, we look into reasons why some people who meet both subjective and objective criteria for registration actively chose not to register, or to deregister. Thirdly, we look at a category of people who have no aversion to joining SER but remain passively unregistered, and people who are unsure whether or not they are registered. Fourthly, we discuss people who are uncertain whether they meet the subjective or the objective criteria: are they “Sámi enough” to register? Finally, we discuss how p...
Chapter eight sheds light on regional governance in the field of indigenous politics through a de... more Chapter eight sheds light on regional governance in the field of indigenous politics through a detailed study of reforms of official structures for indigenous political participation in Murmansk region 2006–2014. The chapter accounts for regional authorities’ attempts to meta-govern indigenous governance networks; activists’ attempts to escape meta-governance through the establishment of an independent representative organ; division in indigenous civil society over how to reform regional indigenous governance; networking between Russian indigenous activists and co-ethnics in the West; the securitisation of the conflict over how to organise regional indigenous governance; and the eventual substitution of the reformists’ self-organised representation council with one created by regional authorities and indigenous activists opposed to the reformist network.
In this introductory chapter, we present the foundations for the analyses of the main chapters. W... more In this introductory chapter, we present the foundations for the analyses of the main chapters. We first present some basic features of the Sámi political system in Norway: the electoral roll, the constituencies, and how the number of registered voters has increased in the different constituencies. Next, the parties and lists that participate in Sámi elections are presented. We then describe the political situation before the 2017 elections, and the outcome of this election. We then turn to the data and methods used in the book, before we present the chapters of the book and discuss some overarching conclusions.
This article describes activism in the Russian Federation aimed at reforming indigenous policy by... more This article describes activism in the Russian Federation aimed at reforming indigenous policy by adopting a foreign model – a Nordic-type elected indigenous assembly – for the Sami of the Russian Federation. Key initiatives from the period ca. 1985–2010 are presented, their origins investigated, and some effects of the activists’ approach are analyzed, as well as certain functions of the original institutions, the Nordic Sami Parliaments. Keywords: Sami politics, indigenous rights, ethno-politics, Russian civil society, minority representation Citation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 2, 1/2011 p. 52–76. ISSN 1891-6252
During election campaigns for the Sámediggi – the representative organ of the Indigenous Sámi – c... more During election campaigns for the Sámediggi – the representative organ of the Indigenous Sámi – candidates in the South Norway Constituency face special challenges: How do they communicate with potential voters residing within a large group of non-voters and spread over a large area, when the constituency’s news media barely cover the election? The chapter looks at different means of reaching voters under such challenging conditions. The candidates prioritized getting traditional media coverage to a very little degree. Social media were seen as important and used actively, particularly Facebook, although only a few parties had developed more advanced strategies for utilization of this tool. Some parties created and implemented a special visual identity to communicate their values and attract attention, and one of the constituency’s parties achieved extra media attention because of their style. The existence of physical spaces for Indigenous politics in the constituency’s central urb...
This book investigates the emergence and working of governance networks in contemporary Russia. D... more This book investigates the emergence and working of governance networks in contemporary Russia. Drawing on a case study design, it provides a novel comparison of seven policy issues each investigated across various Russian regions or over time. Its authors reveal that governance networks are a ubiquitous phenomenon emerging in different regime types. It sheds light on how and why state authorities interact with non-state actors and unravels various types, functions and flavours of governance networks in Russia. By precisely tracing how state authorities govern networks under the terms of a hybrid regime, special emphasis is placed on the analysis of ‘meta-governance’ tools. Moreover, the book allows for theorising on governance in an increasingly authoritarian regime and thus can also be read as a unique contribution to research on governance theory in general. Creating a clear analytical framework it reflects the richness of governance theory and offers fresh perspectives on the na...
Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 2016
The Russian authorities are becoming increasingly aware of the need to improve the integration of... more The Russian authorities are becoming increasingly aware of the need to improve the integration of Russia’s many immigrants into Russian society. This article examines power relations between state and civil society in formal governance networks, the representativeness of “diaspora organizations,” why the state structures want to include these diasporas in the formal governance networks, and why the diasporas are interested in participating. As is common in Russian network governance, state-based actors firmly control the networks through a variety of mechanisms. The diaspora leaders are generally not recent labor immigrants themselves, and do not rely on the latter group’s approval to represent them. This disconnect, and the hierarchal and securitized nature of Russian immigration politics, severely limits the target population’s possibility for input into policy-making or implementation. Non-state network members evaluate participation as leaving no visible imprint on policy, and r...
The article discusses climate change adaptation in two Russian cities. As a policy challenge, cli... more The article discusses climate change adaptation in two Russian cities. As a policy challenge, climate change adaptation in Russia is characterised by not having been defined as one policy area. In addition to the sectors of emergency control and hydro-meteorological management, also nature protection, urban planning, public health and municipal infrastructure are involved in activities relevant for climate change adaptation. The study identifies elements of governance networks and mixes of governance modes within these policy fields but to a very little degree across them. The chapter argues that urban climate change adaptation beyond mere incremental measures is likely to benefit from forms of network governance between authorities (urban planning agencies), civil society (like residents and environmental groups) and business (developers and insurance companies).
An unknown number of people with a relevant connection to the Sámi nation in terms of culture, id... more An unknown number of people with a relevant connection to the Sámi nation in terms of culture, identity, or social integration, are not registered in the Sámediggi Electoral Roll (SER). This chapter develops a conceptual framework to describe different categories of people who, for various reasons, remain unregistered. The framework is explored empirically, using qualitative interviews. We first discuss how different people with a Sámi connection perceive the role and function of the SER. Secondly, we look into reasons why some people who meet both subjective and objective criteria for registration actively chose not to register, or to deregister. Thirdly, we look at a category of people who have no aversion to joining SER but remain passively unregistered, and people who are unsure whether or not they are registered. Fourthly, we discuss people who are uncertain whether they meet the subjective or the objective criteria: are they “Sámi enough” to register? Finally, we discuss how p...
Chapter eight sheds light on regional governance in the field of indigenous politics through a de... more Chapter eight sheds light on regional governance in the field of indigenous politics through a detailed study of reforms of official structures for indigenous political participation in Murmansk region 2006–2014. The chapter accounts for regional authorities’ attempts to meta-govern indigenous governance networks; activists’ attempts to escape meta-governance through the establishment of an independent representative organ; division in indigenous civil society over how to reform regional indigenous governance; networking between Russian indigenous activists and co-ethnics in the West; the securitisation of the conflict over how to organise regional indigenous governance; and the eventual substitution of the reformists’ self-organised representation council with one created by regional authorities and indigenous activists opposed to the reformist network.
In this introductory chapter, we present the foundations for the analyses of the main chapters. W... more In this introductory chapter, we present the foundations for the analyses of the main chapters. We first present some basic features of the Sámi political system in Norway: the electoral roll, the constituencies, and how the number of registered voters has increased in the different constituencies. Next, the parties and lists that participate in Sámi elections are presented. We then describe the political situation before the 2017 elections, and the outcome of this election. We then turn to the data and methods used in the book, before we present the chapters of the book and discuss some overarching conclusions.
This article describes activism in the Russian Federation aimed at reforming indigenous policy by... more This article describes activism in the Russian Federation aimed at reforming indigenous policy by adopting a foreign model – a Nordic-type elected indigenous assembly – for the Sami of the Russian Federation. Key initiatives from the period ca. 1985–2010 are presented, their origins investigated, and some effects of the activists’ approach are analyzed, as well as certain functions of the original institutions, the Nordic Sami Parliaments. Keywords: Sami politics, indigenous rights, ethno-politics, Russian civil society, minority representation Citation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 2, 1/2011 p. 52–76. ISSN 1891-6252
During election campaigns for the Sámediggi – the representative organ of the Indigenous Sámi – c... more During election campaigns for the Sámediggi – the representative organ of the Indigenous Sámi – candidates in the South Norway Constituency face special challenges: How do they communicate with potential voters residing within a large group of non-voters and spread over a large area, when the constituency’s news media barely cover the election? The chapter looks at different means of reaching voters under such challenging conditions. The candidates prioritized getting traditional media coverage to a very little degree. Social media were seen as important and used actively, particularly Facebook, although only a few parties had developed more advanced strategies for utilization of this tool. Some parties created and implemented a special visual identity to communicate their values and attract attention, and one of the constituency’s parties achieved extra media attention because of their style. The existence of physical spaces for Indigenous politics in the constituency’s central urb...
This book investigates the emergence and working of governance networks in contemporary Russia. D... more This book investigates the emergence and working of governance networks in contemporary Russia. Drawing on a case study design, it provides a novel comparison of seven policy issues each investigated across various Russian regions or over time. Its authors reveal that governance networks are a ubiquitous phenomenon emerging in different regime types. It sheds light on how and why state authorities interact with non-state actors and unravels various types, functions and flavours of governance networks in Russia. By precisely tracing how state authorities govern networks under the terms of a hybrid regime, special emphasis is placed on the analysis of ‘meta-governance’ tools. Moreover, the book allows for theorising on governance in an increasingly authoritarian regime and thus can also be read as a unique contribution to research on governance theory in general. Creating a clear analytical framework it reflects the richness of governance theory and offers fresh perspectives on the na...
Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 2016
The Russian authorities are becoming increasingly aware of the need to improve the integration of... more The Russian authorities are becoming increasingly aware of the need to improve the integration of Russia’s many immigrants into Russian society. This article examines power relations between state and civil society in formal governance networks, the representativeness of “diaspora organizations,” why the state structures want to include these diasporas in the formal governance networks, and why the diasporas are interested in participating. As is common in Russian network governance, state-based actors firmly control the networks through a variety of mechanisms. The diaspora leaders are generally not recent labor immigrants themselves, and do not rely on the latter group’s approval to represent them. This disconnect, and the hierarchal and securitized nature of Russian immigration politics, severely limits the target population’s possibility for input into policy-making or implementation. Non-state network members evaluate participation as leaving no visible imprint on policy, and r...
The article discusses climate change adaptation in two Russian cities. As a policy challenge, cli... more The article discusses climate change adaptation in two Russian cities. As a policy challenge, climate change adaptation in Russia is characterised by not having been defined as one policy area. In addition to the sectors of emergency control and hydro-meteorological management, also nature protection, urban planning, public health and municipal infrastructure are involved in activities relevant for climate change adaptation. The study identifies elements of governance networks and mixes of governance modes within these policy fields but to a very little degree across them. The chapter argues that urban climate change adaptation beyond mere incremental measures is likely to benefit from forms of network governance between authorities (urban planning agencies), civil society (like residents and environmental groups) and business (developers and insurance companies).
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Papers by Mikkel Berg-Nordlie