Physics

Mapping genome of an organism is an important tool to provide a guide for the sequencing experiments by showing the exact positions of genes and other distinctive features in the chromosomal DNA. Whole genome sequencing of eukaryotic genomes is greatly facilitated by high- density genome maps. The high- density maps serve as foundation during organizing and assembling the nucleotide sequences of genomes. Reference to the map ensures that regions containing repetitive DNA are assembled correctly. Distinctive features on the genome map are used as landmarks to aid assembly of master sequence from huge number of short sequences obtained from genomic library. First step for manipulation of genes for various applications is cloning that relies on mapping close to a convenient marker. A complete physical-genetic map of genome is necessary for comparative genomics studies with other genomes. High-resolution comparative physical maps will reveal regions of colinearity and rearrangement and ...

Abstract A rapid method of synthesis is reported to obtain highly stable, transparent TiO2 aqueous nano sol. The sol has been prepared using alkoxide precursor in the presence of different acids such as hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and citric acid without using any additional stabilizer. The influence of sol-gel synthesis parameters such as inhibition ratio, hydrolysis ratio and sequence of addition of different reactants on the stability of resultant sol was investigated. Using this method, TiO2 nano sols with a low inhibition ratio ( 5000) could be realized with storage stability of >2 years. The characterization of the sols confirmed the formation of sufficiently anatase phase, pebble like titania nanoparticles with an average diameter of ~4 nm as confirmed by Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Also, the titania nano sol finished cotton fabric exhibited self-cleaning activity of ~80% initially and ~60% after 25 washes against photostable Solophenyl green dye under UV irradiation.

The share of polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) in textiles has been continuously increasing over the last several years due to its high mechanical durability and low cost and has reached 80%. However, polyester suffers from many problems and most of them arise from its poor hydrophilicity and inability to get functionalized as it lacks sufficient functional groups on its surface. In this study, a facile method is reported to impart durable functionalization of PET substrate, wherein different metal oxide NPs were mixed with a nonreactive hydrophilic resin and applied on the fabric using a simple pad-dry-cure method. The treated PET fabrics were characterized for changes in the surface morphology and chemical composition both in as-applied state and after several cycles of laundry washes. The treatment effectively and durably enhanced the hydroxyl group concentration on the surface of PET fabric even with the application at a very low concentration of ∼ 1 wt%, which is very...

The present study is aimed at the extracellular synthesis of highly stable silver nanoparticles for the development of nanosafe textile using the extracts of yellow papaya peel. Fabric is treated with nanoparticles using dip and dry method to observe the effect of antibacterial activity. The synthesized nanoparticles are also characterized and quantified. Due to their potent antibacterial activity, papaya peels derived silver nanoparticles can be incorporated into fabrics and the manufacturers can make textiles free from spoilage by microorganisms.

The utility of the circuit simulators as a tool for the design and analysis of VLSI circuits depends on the adequacy of the device model being used in the simulator. In practical, the adequacy and simplicity (computational efficiency) of the model directly affects the corresponding accuracy and speed of simulation. It has been found that the for the large circuits the MOSFET Model evaluation accounts for a large percentage (up to 80%) of the total analysis time. Further, the effects of temperature on materials and devices have been of great interest throughout the history of semiconductor research. The operation of MOSFET at low and a high temperature is of quite interest. Lowering the operating temperature can help in achieving the desired increase in performance. In addition, lower temperatures increase the current drive of a MOSFET via increased mobility of the electrons and holes in the device. Equally importantly, the parasitic resistances of the device and the interconnect decrease as temperature decreases. As the dimensions are shrinking, e.g. the channel length reduces to nano scales in MOSFET, the various device parameters are also affected by the introduction of different short as well as narrow channel effects. One of the most important parameter, here we are going to work on, is the MOSFET mobility at nanoscales. How the mobility is going to be affected by the various quantum effects pronounced at low dimensions and what is the effect of mobility at various temperatures. My work includes the mobility model which is empirically fitted for a wide range of temperatures including the various short as well as narrow quantum effects.

We report photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) measurements on thin films of a variety of in-house synthesized conjugated polymers such as PPV, MEH-PPV and CN-PPV with improved techniques using integrating sphere and synchronous detection. Our method allows use ...