Monumental architecture, including stepped pyramids, sunken circular plazas, and upright monolith... more Monumental architecture, including stepped pyramids, sunken circular plazas, and upright monoliths (huancas), has been identified at sites throughout the Norte Chico region along the coast of Peru. During 2003 and 2004, test excavations were conducted at six of these sites in the Fortaleza Valley. Excavation included 1 3 2-m test pits and sections cleared along road cuts and looters' pits. Good preservation of plant materials, along with fiber bags, or shicra, used in construction of monumental architecture yielded ample samples for dating. This report describes and illustrates the precise context of the samples and provides the radiocarbon dating results for 79 samples. Project results show that the sites tested were occupied during the Late Archaic Period between 3000 and 1800 BC. The pattern of constructing large mounds paired with sunken circular plazas clearly begins by the third millennium BC, and a U-shaped layout of sites appears to develop during that period, as indicated by the regularity of site plans and monuments at sites such as Caballete and Porvenir. NB: THIS IS A PROOF. THE PRINTED VERSION IS THE DEFINITIVE COPY.
MESOAMERICA AS A CONCEPT An Archaeological View from Central America* Winifred Creamer School of ... more MESOAMERICA AS A CONCEPT An Archaeological View from Central America* Winifred Creamer School of American Research, Santa Fe Since the term Mesoamerica was coined in 1943, it has been used widely as an inclusive analytical unit. Paul Kirchhoffs original defini-tion ...
Abstract: Uses archaeological evidence to trace the history of the Pueblo ancestors in the Southw... more Abstract: Uses archaeological evidence to trace the history of the Pueblo ancestors in the Southwest's Four Corners region as they evolved from nomadic hunters and gatherers into farmers, and later, were forced by drought, famine, and war to build defensive strongholds ...
Radiocarbon dates from the site of Caral in the Supe Valley of Peru indicate that monumental corp... more Radiocarbon dates from the site of Caral in the Supe Valley of Peru indicate that monumental corporate architecture, urban settlement, and irrigation agriculture began in the Americas by 4090 years before the present (2627 calibrated years B.C.) to 3640 years before the present (1977 calibrated years B.C.). Caral is located 23 kilometers inland from the Pacific coast and contains a central zone of monumental, residential, and nonresidential architecture covering an area of 65 hectares. Caral is one of 18 large preceramic sites in the Supe Valley.
The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 2011
... DOI: 10.1080/15564894.2011.582071 Winifred Creamer a , Jonathan Haas b , Edward Jakaitis III ... more ... DOI: 10.1080/15564894.2011.582071 Winifred Creamer a , Jonathan Haas b , Edward Jakaitis III c & Jesus Holguin d pages 176-195. ... Pelegrin, J. and Chauchat, C. 1993. ... 200814. Dillehay, TD, Ramirez, C., Pino, M., Collins, MB, Rossen, J. and Pino-Navarro, JD 2008. ...
Re.!!ional exchange) consistingprimarily of transactions among groups that are not adjacent or tn... more Re.!!ional exchange) consistingprimarily of transactions among groups that are not adjacent or tn regular contact) is described herefOr the Pacific coast oj Gosta Rica) during the period AC 1200-:1550. The Gulf ofNicoya area was the center of an active regional exchange ...
Monumental architecture, including stepped pyramids, sunken circular plazas, and upright monolith... more Monumental architecture, including stepped pyramids, sunken circular plazas, and upright monoliths (huancas), has been identified at sites throughout the Norte Chico region along the coast of Peru. During 2003 and 2004, test excavations were conducted at six of these sites in the Fortaleza Valley. Excavation included 1 3 2-m test pits and sections cleared along road cuts and looters' pits. Good preservation of plant materials, along with fiber bags, or shicra, used in construction of monumental architecture yielded ample samples for dating. This report describes and illustrates the precise context of the samples and provides the radiocarbon dating results for 79 samples. Project results show that the sites tested were occupied during the Late Archaic Period between 3000 and 1800 BC. The pattern of constructing large mounds paired with sunken circular plazas clearly begins by the third millennium BC, and a U-shaped layout of sites appears to develop during that period, as indicated by the regularity of site plans and monuments at sites such as Caballete and Porvenir. NB: THIS IS A PROOF. THE PRINTED VERSION IS THE DEFINITIVE COPY.
MESOAMERICA AS A CONCEPT An Archaeological View from Central America* Winifred Creamer School of ... more MESOAMERICA AS A CONCEPT An Archaeological View from Central America* Winifred Creamer School of American Research, Santa Fe Since the term Mesoamerica was coined in 1943, it has been used widely as an inclusive analytical unit. Paul Kirchhoffs original defini-tion ...
Abstract: Uses archaeological evidence to trace the history of the Pueblo ancestors in the Southw... more Abstract: Uses archaeological evidence to trace the history of the Pueblo ancestors in the Southwest's Four Corners region as they evolved from nomadic hunters and gatherers into farmers, and later, were forced by drought, famine, and war to build defensive strongholds ...
Radiocarbon dates from the site of Caral in the Supe Valley of Peru indicate that monumental corp... more Radiocarbon dates from the site of Caral in the Supe Valley of Peru indicate that monumental corporate architecture, urban settlement, and irrigation agriculture began in the Americas by 4090 years before the present (2627 calibrated years B.C.) to 3640 years before the present (1977 calibrated years B.C.). Caral is located 23 kilometers inland from the Pacific coast and contains a central zone of monumental, residential, and nonresidential architecture covering an area of 65 hectares. Caral is one of 18 large preceramic sites in the Supe Valley.
The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 2011
... DOI: 10.1080/15564894.2011.582071 Winifred Creamer a , Jonathan Haas b , Edward Jakaitis III ... more ... DOI: 10.1080/15564894.2011.582071 Winifred Creamer a , Jonathan Haas b , Edward Jakaitis III c & Jesus Holguin d pages 176-195. ... Pelegrin, J. and Chauchat, C. 1993. ... 200814. Dillehay, TD, Ramirez, C., Pino, M., Collins, MB, Rossen, J. and Pino-Navarro, JD 2008. ...
Re.!!ional exchange) consistingprimarily of transactions among groups that are not adjacent or tn... more Re.!!ional exchange) consistingprimarily of transactions among groups that are not adjacent or tn regular contact) is described herefOr the Pacific coast oj Gosta Rica) during the period AC 1200-:1550. The Gulf ofNicoya area was the center of an active regional exchange ...
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