Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 1994
Mexico has periodically shifted national policy between building a modern, capital-intensive agri... more Mexico has periodically shifted national policy between building a modern, capital-intensive agriculture based on the private sector and developing a capitalist agriculture based on collective organizations of ejidatarios. Recognizing the government's agenda, ejidatarios in these organizations have defended their own interests in an increasingly complex and volatile economic system. This case demonstrates that ejidatarios resist a capitalist socialization of production benefitting the state and intermediaries rather than the producers. This paper examines the history of confrontations between ejidatarios and external groups, including the Mexican government and U.S. companies within the context of a regional export economy. From 1967 to 1990, ejidatarios in the lowlands of Michoacan struggled with external agencies and companies for control over important factors of production. National policy changes undermined local control and, in turn, ejidatario efforts to defend their interests were met with retaliation by U.S. companies. Current reforms to Article 27 of the Constitution establish legal procedures for direct linkages between ejidal organizations and private companies in the form of asociaciones de participacion. Thus, the state proposes that private companies finance ejidal organizations to produce commercial crops. Ejidal organizations now face a global economy, in which they must independently defend their economic and political interests. Understanding the legal mechanisms and actions ejidatarios in Michoacan adopted in
Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 1994
Following the Mexican revolution (1910-1920), Mexico initiated a massive land reform program and ... more Following the Mexican revolution (1910-1920), Mexico initiated a massive land reform program and established the ejidal sector. Under Article 27 of the 1917 Constitution, peasants, or ejidatarios, were granted corporate land use rights as members of an ejido, or land reform community. They did not have legal rights to rent, lease, or sell this land. Indigenous communities, comprised of comuneros, received legal recognition of their corporate land rights under the 1942 agrarian reform law. In 1930, ejidos occupied only 13.4% of cultivable land and 13.1% of all irrigated land, but by 1940, following Lazaro Cardenas' administration, the ejidal sector expanded to control 47.4% of cultivable land and 57.3% of irrigated land (Eckstein 1966). As a result of these historic reforms, Mexico experienced a profound redistribution of land towards the ejidal sector. Under various administrations, Mexico has shifted national policy between support for capital-intensive agriculture and capital investment in the ejidal sector; still the government has always recognized the important economic and 97
... Hewitt (1997: 154) uses the term" positive disadvantaging" to refer to gove... more ... Hewitt (1997: 154) uses the term" positive disadvantaging" to refer to government actions and social practices that take away people's options and ... its roots can be traced to Spanish colonization in 1782, when the Mission San Buenaventura (now the city of Ventura) was estab ...
Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 1994
Mexico has periodically shifted national policy between building a modern, capital-intensive agri... more Mexico has periodically shifted national policy between building a modern, capital-intensive agriculture based on the private sector and developing a capitalist agriculture based on collective organizations of ejidatarios. Recognizing the government's agenda, ejidatarios in these organizations have defended their own interests in an increasingly complex and volatile economic system. This case demonstrates that ejidatarios resist a capitalist socialization of production benefitting the state and intermediaries rather than the producers. This paper examines the history of confrontations between ejidatarios and external groups, including the Mexican government and U.S. companies within the context of a regional export economy. From 1967 to 1990, ejidatarios in the lowlands of Michoacan struggled with external agencies and companies for control over important factors of production. National policy changes undermined local control and, in turn, ejidatario efforts to defend their inte...
Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 1994
Following the Mexican revolution (1910-1920), Mexico initiated a massive land reform program and ... more Following the Mexican revolution (1910-1920), Mexico initiated a massive land reform program and established the ejidal sector. Under Article 27 of the 1917 Constitution, peasants, or ejidatarios, were granted corporate land use rights as members of an ejido, or land reform community. They did not have legal rights to rent, lease, or sell this land. Indigenous communities, comprised of comuneros, received legal recognition of their corporate land rights under the 1942 agrarian reform law. In 1930, ejidos occupied only 13.4% of cultivable land and 13.1% of all irrigated land, but by 1940, following Lazaro Cardenas' administration, the ejidal sector expanded to control 47.4% of cultivable land and 57.3% of irrigated land (Eckstein 1966). As a result of these historic reforms, Mexico experienced a profound redistribution of land towards the ejidal sector. Under various administrations, Mexico has shifted national policy between support for capital-intensive agriculture and capital ...
Esta investigación fue enfocada sobre la planeación estratégica participativa para el desarrollo ... more Esta investigación fue enfocada sobre la planeación estratégica participativa para el desarrollo sustentable de comunidades forestales en Chihuahua, México, específicamente en dos ejidos forestales localizados en la Sierra Tarahumara: Basihuare y Cusárare del municipio de Guachochi, Chih. Los objetivos fueron: 1) valorar el manejo actual de los recursos forestales en ambas comunidades, 2) conducir la metodología de la planeación estratégica participativa denominada Conferencia de Búsqueda (CB) para lograr un mejor conocimiento de las necesidades de desarrollo futuro, un cambio positivo de actitud y percepciones y diseñar un plan de acción estratégico para el desarrollo sustentable de la comunidad, y 3) valorar el impacto en las actitudes y percepciones de la gente local en relación con la intervención realizada (CB) para el desarrollo de su comunidad. Los resultados mostraron que: 1) entrevistas etnográficas fueron un complemento fundamental para valorar el enfoque participativo y o...
Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 1994
Mexico has periodically shifted national policy between building a modern, capital-intensive agri... more Mexico has periodically shifted national policy between building a modern, capital-intensive agriculture based on the private sector and developing a capitalist agriculture based on collective organizations of ejidatarios. Recognizing the government's agenda, ejidatarios in these organizations have defended their own interests in an increasingly complex and volatile economic system. This case demonstrates that ejidatarios resist a capitalist socialization of production benefitting the state and intermediaries rather than the producers. This paper examines the history of confrontations between ejidatarios and external groups, including the Mexican government and U.S. companies within the context of a regional export economy. From 1967 to 1990, ejidatarios in the lowlands of Michoacan struggled with external agencies and companies for control over important factors of production. National policy changes undermined local control and, in turn, ejidatario efforts to defend their interests were met with retaliation by U.S. companies. Current reforms to Article 27 of the Constitution establish legal procedures for direct linkages between ejidal organizations and private companies in the form of asociaciones de participacion. Thus, the state proposes that private companies finance ejidal organizations to produce commercial crops. Ejidal organizations now face a global economy, in which they must independently defend their economic and political interests. Understanding the legal mechanisms and actions ejidatarios in Michoacan adopted in
Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 1994
Following the Mexican revolution (1910-1920), Mexico initiated a massive land reform program and ... more Following the Mexican revolution (1910-1920), Mexico initiated a massive land reform program and established the ejidal sector. Under Article 27 of the 1917 Constitution, peasants, or ejidatarios, were granted corporate land use rights as members of an ejido, or land reform community. They did not have legal rights to rent, lease, or sell this land. Indigenous communities, comprised of comuneros, received legal recognition of their corporate land rights under the 1942 agrarian reform law. In 1930, ejidos occupied only 13.4% of cultivable land and 13.1% of all irrigated land, but by 1940, following Lazaro Cardenas' administration, the ejidal sector expanded to control 47.4% of cultivable land and 57.3% of irrigated land (Eckstein 1966). As a result of these historic reforms, Mexico experienced a profound redistribution of land towards the ejidal sector. Under various administrations, Mexico has shifted national policy between support for capital-intensive agriculture and capital investment in the ejidal sector; still the government has always recognized the important economic and 97
... Hewitt (1997: 154) uses the term" positive disadvantaging" to refer to gove... more ... Hewitt (1997: 154) uses the term" positive disadvantaging" to refer to government actions and social practices that take away people's options and ... its roots can be traced to Spanish colonization in 1782, when the Mission San Buenaventura (now the city of Ventura) was estab ...
Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 1994
Mexico has periodically shifted national policy between building a modern, capital-intensive agri... more Mexico has periodically shifted national policy between building a modern, capital-intensive agriculture based on the private sector and developing a capitalist agriculture based on collective organizations of ejidatarios. Recognizing the government's agenda, ejidatarios in these organizations have defended their own interests in an increasingly complex and volatile economic system. This case demonstrates that ejidatarios resist a capitalist socialization of production benefitting the state and intermediaries rather than the producers. This paper examines the history of confrontations between ejidatarios and external groups, including the Mexican government and U.S. companies within the context of a regional export economy. From 1967 to 1990, ejidatarios in the lowlands of Michoacan struggled with external agencies and companies for control over important factors of production. National policy changes undermined local control and, in turn, ejidatario efforts to defend their inte...
Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 1994
Following the Mexican revolution (1910-1920), Mexico initiated a massive land reform program and ... more Following the Mexican revolution (1910-1920), Mexico initiated a massive land reform program and established the ejidal sector. Under Article 27 of the 1917 Constitution, peasants, or ejidatarios, were granted corporate land use rights as members of an ejido, or land reform community. They did not have legal rights to rent, lease, or sell this land. Indigenous communities, comprised of comuneros, received legal recognition of their corporate land rights under the 1942 agrarian reform law. In 1930, ejidos occupied only 13.4% of cultivable land and 13.1% of all irrigated land, but by 1940, following Lazaro Cardenas' administration, the ejidal sector expanded to control 47.4% of cultivable land and 57.3% of irrigated land (Eckstein 1966). As a result of these historic reforms, Mexico experienced a profound redistribution of land towards the ejidal sector. Under various administrations, Mexico has shifted national policy between support for capital-intensive agriculture and capital ...
Esta investigación fue enfocada sobre la planeación estratégica participativa para el desarrollo ... more Esta investigación fue enfocada sobre la planeación estratégica participativa para el desarrollo sustentable de comunidades forestales en Chihuahua, México, específicamente en dos ejidos forestales localizados en la Sierra Tarahumara: Basihuare y Cusárare del municipio de Guachochi, Chih. Los objetivos fueron: 1) valorar el manejo actual de los recursos forestales en ambas comunidades, 2) conducir la metodología de la planeación estratégica participativa denominada Conferencia de Búsqueda (CB) para lograr un mejor conocimiento de las necesidades de desarrollo futuro, un cambio positivo de actitud y percepciones y diseñar un plan de acción estratégico para el desarrollo sustentable de la comunidad, y 3) valorar el impacto en las actitudes y percepciones de la gente local en relación con la intervención realizada (CB) para el desarrollo de su comunidad. Los resultados mostraron que: 1) entrevistas etnográficas fueron un complemento fundamental para valorar el enfoque participativo y o...
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