Farid Dewan

The study was conducted for understanding the present situation of marketing system of banana in different hilly regions of Bangladesh.The objectives of the study were to estimate costs and margins, to test market integration, and price forecasting of Banana. Secondary data was used for this study. So the farmers of Bangladesh who are still suffering from indecision about the future prices of banana, should come forward to fruits farming as the analysis provides a positive insights for fruits cultivation. Engle Granger co-integration test was used to examine the market integration. Analysis of market integration shows that banana market in Bangladesh was well integrated except hilly region of Bangladesh it's due to lack of well transportation and communication system in hilly region. The study identified some problems related to transportation facilities, lack of agro-processing industries, low prices and natural calamities aspects and suggested some measures for solving these p...

The study was conducted for understanding the present situation of marketing system of banana in different hilly regions of Bangladesh.The objectives of the study were to estimate costs and margins, to test market integration, and price forecasting of Banana. Secondary data was used for this study. So the farmers of Bangladesh who are still suffering from indecision about the future prices of banana, should come forward to fruits farming as the analysis provides a positive insights for fruits cultivation. Engle Granger co-integration test was used to examine the market integration. Analysis of market integration shows that banana market in Bangladesh was well integrated except hilly region of Bangladesh it's due to lack of well transportation and communication system in hilly region. The study identified some problems related to transportation facilities, lack of agro-processing industries, low prices and natural calamities aspects and suggested some measures for solving these p...

The study was conducted for understanding the present situation of marketing system of banana in different hilly  regions of Bangladesh.The objectives of the study were to estimate costs and margins, to test market integration, and price forecasting of Banana. Secondary data was used for this study. So the farmers of Bangladesh who are still suffering from indecision about the future prices of banana, should come forward to fruits farming as the analysis provides a positive insights for fruits cultivation. Engle Granger co-integration test was used to examine the market integration. Analysis of market integration shows that banana market in Bangladesh was well integrated except hilly region of Bangladesh it’s due to lack of well transportation and communication system in hilly region. The study identified some problems related to transportation facilities, lack of agro-processing industries, low prices and natural calamities aspects and suggested some measures for solving these prob...

The study was conducted for understanding the present situation of marketing system of banana in different hilly regions of Bangladesh.The objectives of the study were to estimate costs and margins, to test market integration, and price forecasting of Banana. Secondary data was used for this study. So the farmers of Bangladesh who are still suffering from indecision about the future prices of banana, should come forward to fruits farming as the analysis provides a positive insights for fruits cultivation. Engle Granger co-integration test was used to examine the market integration. Analysis of market integration shows that banana market in Bangladesh was well integrated except hilly region of Bangladesh it's due to lack of well transportation and communication system in hilly region. The study identified some problems related to transportation facilities, lack of agro-processing industries, low prices and natural calamities aspects and suggested some measures for solving these p...

The study was conducted for understanding the present situation of marketing system of banana in different hilly regions of Bangladesh.The objectives of the study were to estimate costs and margins, to test market integration, and price forecasting of Banana. Secondary data was used for this study. So the farmers of Bangladesh who are still suffering from indecision about the future prices of banana, should come forward to fruits farming as the analysis provides a positive insights for fruits cultivation. Engle Granger co-integration test was used to examine the market integration. Analysis of market integration shows that banana market in Bangladesh was well integrated except hilly region of Bangladesh it's due to lack of well transportation and communication system in hilly region. The study identified some problems related to transportation facilities, lack of agro-processing industries, low prices and natural calamities aspects and suggested some measures for solving these p...

The objectives of the study were to estimate costs and margins, seasonal price variation and to test market integration of egg. Primary and secondary data were used for this study. The higher marketing cost was incurred by aratdars and the lowest by retailer. On the other hand, retailers earned the highest net marketing margins. Analysis of market integration shows that egg market in Bangladesh was well integrated. The study identified some problems related to economic, technical, marketing, social and natural calamities aspects and suggested some measures for solving these problems.

ABSTRACT The study was conducted for understanding the present situation of marketing system of banana in different hilly regions of Bangladesh.The objectives of the study were to estimate costs and margins, to test market integration, and price forecasting of Banana. Secondary data was used for this study. So the farmers of Bangladesh who are still suffering from indecision about the future prices of banana, should come forward to fruits farming as the analysis provides a positive insights for fruits cultivation. Engle Granger co-integration test was used to examine the market integration. Analysis of market integration shows that banana market in Bangladesh was well integrated except hilly region of Bangladesh it's due to lack of well transportation and communication system in hilly region. The study identified some problems related to transportation facilities, lack of agro-processing industries, low prices and natural calamities aspects and suggested some measures for solving these problems. INTRODUCTION Bangladesh is an agricultural country. More than 80% people directly or indirectly depends on agriculture. About 19.29% of GDP is derived from agriculture in fiscal year 2011-12 (BBS-2012). Bananas are one of our best sources of potassium, an essential mineral for maintaining normal blood pressure and heart function. Since the average banana contains a whopping 467 mg of potassium and only 1 mg of sodium, a banana a day may help to prevent high blood pressure and protect against atherosclerosis. About 35,000 children become blind each year due to Vitamin-A deficiency. The common deficient nutrients of Bangladesh are Vitamin-An and Vitamin-C, riboflavin, folic acid etc. banana, tomato and cauliflower are the most in expensive and rich sources of those nutrients. In Bangladesh banana is the only fruit crop, which is available throughout the year and consumption rate is also higher than any other fruits. It has been associated with man for centuries and many people consider the banana as on off man's finest fruit. Banana is delicious fruit crop gross widely all over Bangladesh and most important fruit in the country from the stand point of food value and availability, throughout the year (USAID, 1969). Districts of wild grown Banana are Sylhet, Moulvibazar, Netrokona, Rangamati, Khagrachhari, Bandarban. In Bangladesh, total estimated production of banana was 801000 metritons and cultivated area is 131 acres in 2010-11. The characteristics of agricultural commodities like fruits are bulky in production and perishable in nature. The surplus production of different fruits grown in hill regions are not marketed in proper time due to lack of transport and infrastructural facilities. Farmers usually deprived from getting the fair price of their product due to presence of large number of seller, low market demand etc.Rapid distribution of the products to different distant places ensured the consumers from preventing high fluctuation of prices. So, the marketing system should be developed for the welfare of the farmers in obtaining incentive price for their product. The study provides valuable information for the banana producers, traders and policy makers in Bangladesh to take appropriate decisions regarding further expansion of commercial layer farming and trading. The demand for different fruits for consumption as well as for industrial processing has increased significantly in recent years. Through development of hill agriculture, by commercially growing of different fruits and processed by establishing industries, there will be a greater scope for increasing income and employment both in domestic and international markets. Before designing any technological development, understanding of existing situations are essential. Thus the study was conducted for understanding the present situation of production, processing and marketing system of magor fruits in different hill regions of Bangladesh with following objectives.

The study was conducted to analyze the spatial price relationships among selected rice markets in Bangladesh. To conduct the study secondary data (weekly wholesale price of rice per quintal for the selected districts) were collected from Department of Agricultural Marketing (DAM). The selected districts were Dinajpur, Sherpur, Dhaka, Chittagong, Feni, Narayangong and Faridpur. The selected variety was boro and aman because they are the prominent crops in Bangladesh. For analyzing the price relationships between the spatially separated markets, Engle and Granger co-integration test were used and also Error correction Mechanism (ECM) was used to see the speed of price adjustment in the long-run equilibrium. It was observed that, rice market is efficient in terms of spatial price movements as most of the selected markets were spatially price integrated. When boro rice was traded from Dinajpur to Chittagong and Faridpur, then the prices of Dinajpur influenced the prices of Chittagong and Faridpur and vice-versa. In case of aman paddy, when rice was traded from other districts to Dhaka then the prices of other districts influenced the prices of Dhaka and Dhaka then forms a new price that are followed across the country. The speed (δ) of price adjustment ranges from 45.1% to 53.3% for boro rice and 19.9% to 76.2% for aman rice indicating that the price adjustment takes around 3 to 4 days for boro rice and 1 to 5 days for aman rice in transmitting information from one market to the other markets. The highest percentage speed of adjustment was found between the rice price of Faridpur to Sherpur market for boro rice and Sherpur to Faridpur market for aman rice. Besides this it was revealed that, in case of rice marketing, Dhaka did not a ct as the central market. Background Rice is the dominant staple food in Bangladesh and the annual per capita consumption is 160 kgs. (IRRI, 2009). Bangladesh is the sixth largest rice producing country in the world after China, India, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand (Source: Wikipedia). Bangladesh was struggling with food price inflation from the beginning of 2010 and the chief concern was the rapid rise in the price of rice, the country's staple grain which was started at the last quarter of 2007 (Source: Bangladesh Agribusiness Report, February 2010). In Bangladesh, 26% of the total population are living below the poverty line [Source: Wikipedia] and we know that, an increase in the price of staple foods can have an adverse impact on food security, especially for rural population who are living below the poverty line. At present the prices of different categories of rice are very much fluctuating and the minimum prices of per kg rice is BDT Tk. 34 which is coarse in nature and still now price is increasing. Many economists and specialists are saying that market is not efficient or not well integrated. According to them, the middlemen make more profits than their costs and by inspecting the present market situation and international prices, they anticipate the future prices and are interested in hoarding and make an unreasonable profits which makes the market unstable.We know that, if the marketing system is not efficient, price signals arising at the consumers' level are not adequately transmitted to the producers. As a result, farmers do not get fair price incentive to increase the production of the commodities. Thus, inefficient marketing systems adversely affect the living standard of both the producers and the consumers. On the other hand, markets function efficiently when these are integrated in price relationships. We further know that, the main objective of the price policy is to safeguard the interests of producers and consumers. The producer's interest can best be safeguarded if he is paid appropriate prices for his product. He gets fair prices if markets are well integrated. In well integrated markets, middlemen's share should be reasonable and consumers get produce at fair prices. More specifically, two markets were said spatially integrated, whenever trade takes between them and if the price differential for a particular commodity equals the transfer costs involved in moving that commodity