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A018805
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Number of elements in the set {(x,y): 1 <= x,y <= n, gcd(x,y)=1}.
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77
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1, 3, 7, 11, 19, 23, 35, 43, 55, 63, 83, 91, 115, 127, 143, 159, 191, 203, 239, 255, 279, 299, 343, 359, 399, 423, 459, 483, 539, 555, 615, 647, 687, 719, 767, 791, 863, 899, 947, 979, 1059, 1083, 1167, 1207, 1255, 1299, 1391, 1423, 1507, 1547, 1611, 1659, 1763
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OFFSET
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1,2
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COMMENTS
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Number of positive rational numbers of height at most n, where the height of p/q is max(p, q) when p and q are relatively prime positive integers. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 05 2012
The number of ordered pairs (i,j) with 1<=i<=n, 1<=j<=n, gcd(i,j)=d is a(floor(n/d)). - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 29 2012
Number of distinct solutions to k*x+h=0, where 1 <= k,h <= n. - Giovanni Resta, Jan 08 2013
a(n) is the number of rational numbers which can be constructed from the set of integers between 1 and n, without combination of multiplication and division. a(3) = 7 because {1, 2, 3} can only create {1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1, 3/2, 2, 3}. - Bernard Schott, Jul 07 2019
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REFERENCES
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S. R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, pp. 110-112.
G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. 3rd ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 1954. See Theorem 332.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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a(n) = 2*(Sum_{j=1..n} phi(j)) - 1.
a(n) = n^2 - Sum_{j=2..n} a(floor(n/j)).
a(n) ~ (1/zeta(2)) * n^2 = (6/Pi^2) * n^2 as n goes to infinity (zeta is the Riemann zeta function, A013661, and the constant 6/Pi^2 is 0.607927..., A059956). - Ahmed Fares (ahmedfares(AT)my-deja.com), Jul 18 2001
G.f.: (1/(1 - x)) * (-x + 2 * Sum_{k>=1} mu(k) * x^k / (1 - x^k)^2). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Feb 14 2020
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MAPLE
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N:= 1000; # to get the first N entries
P:= Array(1..N, numtheory:-phi);
A:= map(t -> 2*round(t)-1, Statistics:-CumulativeSum(P));
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MATHEMATICA
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FoldList[ Plus, 1, 2 Array[ EulerPhi, 60, 2 ] ] (* Olivier Gérard, Aug 15 1997 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) a(n)=sum(k=1, n, moebius(k)*(n\k)^2)
(PARI) A018805(n)=2 *sum(j=1, n, eulerphi(j)) - 1;
for(n=1, 99, print1(A018805(n), ", ")); /* show terms */
(Magma) /* based on the first formula */ A018805:=func< n | 2*&+[ EulerPhi(k): k in [1..n] ]-1 >; [ A018805(n): n in [1..60] ]; // Klaus Brockhaus, Jan 27 2011
(Magma) /* based on the second formula */ A018805:=func< n | n eq 1 select 1 else n^2-&+[ $$(n div j): j in [2..n] ] >; [ A018805(n): n in [1..60] ]; // Klaus Brockhaus, Feb 07 2011
(Haskell)
a018805 n = length [()| x <- [1..n], y <- [1..n], gcd x y == 1]
(Python)
from sympy import sieve
def A018805(n): return 2*sum(t for t in sieve.totientrange(1, n+1)) - 1 # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 23 2021
(Python)
from functools import lru_cache
@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def A018805(n): # based on second formula
if n == 0:
return 0
c, j = 1, 2
k1 = n//j
while k1 > 1:
j2 = n//k1 + 1
j, k1 = j2, n//j2
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn,nice,changed
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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