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A112468
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Riordan array (1/(1-x), x/(1+x)).
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31
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1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 0, 2, -2, 1, 1, 1, -2, 4, -3, 1, 1, 0, 3, -6, 7, -4, 1, 1, 1, -3, 9, -13, 11, -5, 1, 1, 0, 4, -12, 22, -24, 16, -6, 1, 1, 1, -4, 16, -34, 46, -40, 22, -7, 1, 1, 0, 5, -20, 50, -80, 86, -62, 29, -8, 1, 1, 1, -5, 25, -70, 130, -166, 148, -91, 37, -9, 1, 1, 0, 6, -30, 95, -200, 296, -314, 239, -128, 46, -10, 1
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OFFSET
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0,13
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COMMENTS
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Row sums are A040000. Diagonal sums are A112469. Inverse is A112467. Row sums of k-th power are 1, k+1, k+1, k+1, .... Note that C(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..n-k} C(n-j-1, n-k-j).
Equals row reversal of triangle A112555 up to sign, where log(A112555) = A112555 - I. Unsigned row sums equals A052953 (Jacobsthal numbers + 1). Central terms of even-indexed rows are a signed version of A072547. Sums of squared terms in rows yields A112556, which equals the first differences of the unsigned central terms. - Paul D. Hanna, Jan 20 2006
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000012(n), A040000(n), A005408(n), A033484(n), A048473(n), A020989(n), A057651(n), A061801(n), A238275(n), A238276(n), A138894(n), A090843(n), A199023(n) for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 respectively (see the square array in A112739). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 22 2014
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LINKS
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Emeric Deutsch, L. Ferrari and S. Rinaldi, Production Matrices, Advances in Applied Mathematics, 34 (2005) pp. 101-122.
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FORMULA
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Triangle T(n,k) read by rows: T(n,0)=1, T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-1,k). - Mats Granvik, Mar 15 2010
Number triangle T(n, k)= Sum_{j=0..n-k} C(n-j-1, n-k-j)*(-1)^(n-k-j).
G.f. of matrix power T^m: (1+(m-1)*x)*(1+m*x)/(1+m*x-x*y)/(1-x). G.f. of matrix log: x*(1-2*x*y+x^2*y)/(1-x*y)^2/(1-x). - Paul D. Hanna, Jan 20 2006
T(n, k) = R(n,n-k,-1) where R(n,k,m) = (1-m)^(-n+k)-m^(k+1)*Pochhammer(n-k,k+1)*hyper2F1([1,n+1],[k+2],m)/(k+1)!. - Peter Luschny, Jul 25 2014
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EXAMPLE
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Triangle starts
1;
1, 1;
1, 0, 1;
1, 1, -1, 1;
1, 0, 2, -2, 1;
1, 1, -2, 4, -3, 1;
1, 0, 3, -6, 7, -4, 1;
Matrix log begins:
0;
1, 0;
1, 0, 0;
1, 1, -1, 0;
1, 1, 1, -2, 0;
1, 1, 1, 1, -3, 0; ...
Production matrix begins
1, 1,
0, -1, 1,
0, 0, -1, 1,
0, 0, 0, -1, 1,
0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1.
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MAPLE
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T := (n, k, m) -> (1-m)^(-n+k)-m^(k+1)*pochhammer(n-k, k+1)*hypergeom( [1, n+1], [k+2], m)/(k+1)!; A112468 := (n, k) -> T(n, n-k, -1);
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MATHEMATICA
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T[n_, 0] = 1; T[n_, n_] = 1; T[n_, k_ ]:= T[n, k] = T[n-1, k-1] - T[n-1, k]; Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 12}, {k, 0, n}]//Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 06 2013 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) {T(n, k)=local(m=1, x=X+X*O(X^n), y=Y+Y*O(Y^k)); polcoeff(polcoeff((1+(m-1)*x)*(1+m*x)/(1+m*x-x*y)/(1-x), n, X), k, Y)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Jan 20 2006
(Haskell)
a112468 n k = a112468_tabl !! n !! k
a112468_row n = a112468_tabl !! n
a112468_tabl = iterate (\xs -> zipWith (-) ([2] ++ xs) (xs ++ [0])) [1]
(PARI) T(n, k) = if(k==0 || k==n, 1, T(n-1, k-1) - T(n-1, k)); \\ G. C. Greubel, Nov 13 2019
(Magma)
function T(n, k)
if k eq 0 or k eq n then return 1;
else return T(n-1, k-1) - T(n-1, k);
end if;
return T;
end function;
[T(n, k): k in [0..n], n in [0..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Nov 13 2019
(Sage)@CachedFunction
def T(n, k):
if (k<0 or n<0): return 0
elif (k==0 or k==n): return 1
else: return T(n-1, k-1) - T(n-1, k)
[[T(n, k) for k in (0..n)] for n in (0..12)] # G. C. Greubel, Nov 13 2019
(GAP)
T:= function(n, k)
if k=0 or k=n then return 1;
else return T(n-1, k-1) - T(n-1, k);
fi;
end;
Flat(List([0..12], n-> List([0..n], k-> T(n, k) ))); # G. C. Greubel, Nov 13 2019
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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