Phone: Tel: 0 222 324 29 91 Ext:4861 Fax:0 222 324 29 90 Address: Prof. Dr. Hatice DAĞHAN, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Campus of Ali Numan Kırac 26160 Eskisehir/ Turkey
Aim of study: The aim of this study was to determine the phytoremediation capacity of sunflower (... more Aim of study: The aim of this study was to determine the phytoremediation capacity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which can also be used as a bioenergy plant, in soils contaminated with copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) from the waste dumping sites during the mining operations. Area of study: Phytoremediation study was carried out in Artvin Coruh University Research greenhouse environment. Material and Methods: Plants were grown by mixing clean and contaminated soil at the rates of 0%, 50% and 100%. Bioaccumulation (BAF) and translocation (TF) factors were calculated by measuring heavy metal concentrations in soil and plant samples. The bioaccumulation factor is calculated by dividing the metal concentration in the shoots with the metal concentration in the soil. The translocation factor expresses the ratio of the metal concentration in the plant green parts to the root metal concentration. Main results: The sunflower plant has accumulated the highest Zn in the shoots, whil...
This study aims to determine the Cd accumulation levels of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) based on ... more This study aims to determine the Cd accumulation levels of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) based on nitrogen (N) (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1) and Cd (0, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg kg-1) applications to the soil on pot trials conducted under controlled environmental conditions. The highest chlorophyll content was obtained at 400 mg N kg-1 without Cd. The highest dry weight amount in rapeseed was obtained with the application of 100 mg N kg-1 × 1.5 mg Cd kg-1, however, the highest rates of both N and Cd resulted in the lowest dry weight. In 400 mg N kg-1 × 6 mg Cd kg-1 (131 mg Cd kg-1) and 200 mg N kg-1 × 6 mg Cd kg-1 (113.80 mg Cd kg-1) applications, Cd concentration of the rapeseed was determined to be higher than critical Cd hyperaccumulation level. The capacity of Cd uptake and accumulation in rapeseed shoots were enhanced with N applications, thus promoting the phytoextraction of Cd from Cd-contaminated soils. Cadmium rates did not affect Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn uptake levels when N was not applied...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2016
The relationship between seed vigor test and seedling emergence is crucial to predict easily the ... more The relationship between seed vigor test and seedling emergence is crucial to predict easily the seed performance under field conditions and the seed producers continuously explore the best vigor test to enhance stand establishment. This study was conducted to determine the suitable seed vigor test and mineral element in the seed to predict accurately the field performance of soybean. Fifty seed lots of 22 commercial soybean cultivars were assessed for seedling emergence under field conditions and germination, emergence, cool and cold tests, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH for 4, 8 and 24 h, accelerated ageing (AA) at 41, 43 and 45°C for 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h in the laboratory. Initial seed weight, oil, protein, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn concentration in seed lots were also investigated. Their results were correlated with field emergence percentage of seed lots to detect the most suitable indicator for vigorous seed lot. The germination percentage varied from 56% to 100%, whil...
Transgenic Plant Technology for Remediation of Toxic Metals and Metalloids, 2019
Abstract Over the last century, the rapid growth of population, urbanization, and industrializati... more Abstract Over the last century, the rapid growth of population, urbanization, and industrialization, agriculture practices, unsuitable waste disposal, and natural processes, etc. have resulted in the release of large amounts of toxic contaminants into the biosphere. Phytoremediation is a very popular, environmentally friendly, and cheap, but slow process to clean up pollutants from the air, soil, and water via the roots and shoots (leaves and stem) of the plants. There are many plants used in this technique. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the ideal plant species for phytoremediation because of its high biomass production, high heavy metal accumulation capacity in the shoot, as well as its fast growth, deep rooting, and ease of harvesting. For the last 20 years, phytoremediation focused on the development of efficient transgenic plants, which is a new approach and has been used to remediate metal-contaminated soils. The ability of the tobacco plant for metal accumulation and tolerance could be improved with a foreign gene transfer. For this purpose, many genes from different sources (microbes, plants, and animals) have been isolated and inserted successfully into tobacco plants. This chapter discusses the current developments and phytoremediation abilities of transgenic tobacco plants in hydroponic, pot, and field experiments.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein-II (ScMT-II) genes expressed in Nicotiana tabacum and wi... more Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein-II (ScMT-II) genes expressed in Nicotiana tabacum and wild tobacco were grown for 14 days in growth chamber as hydroponics containing 0, 5, and 10 Cu mg L-1 to determine their Cu accumulation ability and to study Cu compartmentation in shoots and roots. Wild type (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Petite Havana SR1) and transgenic tobacco (p-S-ScMTII) plants wilted severely, showed stunted root growth with structural deformation. Shoot dry weight, Cu, and free sulphydryl (-SH) groups showed significant differences between transgenic and wild type tobacco plants. Copper accumulation in roots was 7.78 and 10.8 g kg-1 for transgenic and wild type tobacco, respectively. The study revealed that despite high Cu accumulation in roots, its translocation from roots to shoots was inhibited probably due to blockage and dieback in the root collar. It can be concluded that the main cause of failure in MTII gene induced Cu accumulation in shoots was collapse of ro...
Genetiği değiştirilmiş bitkiler, kurşunun (Pb) kökten yer üstü kısımlarına translokasyonunu geliş... more Genetiği değiştirilmiş bitkiler, kurşunun (Pb) kökten yer üstü kısımlarına translokasyonunu geliştirmek için büyük bir potansiyele sahip olabilir. Transgenik olmayan ( Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Petit Havana SR1) ve transgenik (p-cV-ChMTII GFP) tütün bitkileri tarafından Pb alımının sağlanması araştırmak için Çin hamsteri metalotiyonin II gezen bir kap deneyi yapıldı . Transgenik ve transgenik olmayan tütün bitkileri, 0, 1000, 2500, 5000 mg Pb kg- 1 ile Pb (NO 3 ) 2 olarak işlenmiş topraklarda yetiştirildi. Kelimede bir büyüme bölümünde 6 hafta boyunca çiçeklenme aşamasına kadar.Bitkilerin büyümesi, klorofil içeriği, mineral besin elementleri ve düşük glutatyon (GSH) bezleri, bitkilerin Pb alım potansiyeli ile birlikte incelenmiştir. Hem transgenik hem de transgenik olmayan bitkiler için Pb uygulamasındaki artışa bağlı olarak yer üstü biyokütle çevrildi aşamalı bir düşüş gözlendi. Yaprak besinlerinin bulaştığı, aşırı Pb işlemlerinden olumsuz etkilenmiştir, bunlardan en büyük düşüşü. S...
Abstract Phytoextraction is defined as a process during which the heavy metals, causing soil cont... more Abstract Phytoextraction is defined as a process during which the heavy metals, causing soil contamination, are conveyed to the green parts of the plant through roots and are accumulated there. However, the main problem after phytoextraction is that because of accumulation of metal ions by plants are defined as secondary contaminants and classified as hazardous wastes since they include an excessive amount of metal. Hence, how to use plant waste after phytoextraction is still a challenge that remains to be solved. In this study, canola (Brassica napus) and soybean (Glycine max) were used for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn). Two different extraction methods were used to dissolve heavy metals in waste biomass. The extraction method, in which the highest efficiency was obtained, was used an electrochemical method in order to remove/recover toxic metals from the biomass of canola (B. napus) and soybean (G. max) plants, harvested after phytoextraction process. Firstly, the heavy metal ions were transferred into the solution from biomass. Then these toxic metal ions were precipitated electrochemically within 2 h. Thus, the toxic ions, causing contamination, were transformed directly into metallic form by reducing the concentration (metal recovery). It was obtained electrochemical removal efficiencies of 80% for Cd, 94% for Pb and 68% for Zn in the solution of soybean biomass while they were 97% for Cd, 99% for Pb and 46% for Zn in the solution of canola biomass.
Heavy metals affect nutrient uptake of plants by means of either effecting root development and t... more Heavy metals affect nutrient uptake of plants by means of either effecting root development and transport systems or interfering with other plant nutrients in soil solution. In this study, the effect of toxic levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) on the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were investigated in hydroponic culture. There was no toxicity sign in 5 mg Zn L-1 level but the rest of the heavy metals used caused different extent of toxicity. The first visual signs of toxicity for these heavy metals were chlorosis and the reduction in shoot and root biomass due to inhibition of metabolic functions. As a result, N, P, K uptake significantly changed. As the ratio of percent decreases for N, P, K uptake were considered, the toxicity levels of the heavy metals were, in descending order, Ni > Cu > Zn > Cd. Ni had the element that having most serious inhibition effect on the concentration of all three elements, the order of ot...
Aim of study: The aim of this study was to determine the phytoremediation capacity of sunflower (... more Aim of study: The aim of this study was to determine the phytoremediation capacity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which can also be used as a bioenergy plant, in soils contaminated with copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) from the waste dumping sites during the mining operations. Area of study: Phytoremediation study was carried out in Artvin Coruh University Research greenhouse environment. Material and Methods: Plants were grown by mixing clean and contaminated soil at the rates of 0%, 50% and 100%. Bioaccumulation (BAF) and translocation (TF) factors were calculated by measuring heavy metal concentrations in soil and plant samples. The bioaccumulation factor is calculated by dividing the metal concentration in the shoots with the metal concentration in the soil. The translocation factor expresses the ratio of the metal concentration in the plant green parts to the root metal concentration. Main results: The sunflower plant has accumulated the highest Zn in the shoots, whil...
This study aims to determine the Cd accumulation levels of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) based on ... more This study aims to determine the Cd accumulation levels of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) based on nitrogen (N) (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1) and Cd (0, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg kg-1) applications to the soil on pot trials conducted under controlled environmental conditions. The highest chlorophyll content was obtained at 400 mg N kg-1 without Cd. The highest dry weight amount in rapeseed was obtained with the application of 100 mg N kg-1 × 1.5 mg Cd kg-1, however, the highest rates of both N and Cd resulted in the lowest dry weight. In 400 mg N kg-1 × 6 mg Cd kg-1 (131 mg Cd kg-1) and 200 mg N kg-1 × 6 mg Cd kg-1 (113.80 mg Cd kg-1) applications, Cd concentration of the rapeseed was determined to be higher than critical Cd hyperaccumulation level. The capacity of Cd uptake and accumulation in rapeseed shoots were enhanced with N applications, thus promoting the phytoextraction of Cd from Cd-contaminated soils. Cadmium rates did not affect Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn uptake levels when N was not applied...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2016
The relationship between seed vigor test and seedling emergence is crucial to predict easily the ... more The relationship between seed vigor test and seedling emergence is crucial to predict easily the seed performance under field conditions and the seed producers continuously explore the best vigor test to enhance stand establishment. This study was conducted to determine the suitable seed vigor test and mineral element in the seed to predict accurately the field performance of soybean. Fifty seed lots of 22 commercial soybean cultivars were assessed for seedling emergence under field conditions and germination, emergence, cool and cold tests, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH for 4, 8 and 24 h, accelerated ageing (AA) at 41, 43 and 45°C for 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h in the laboratory. Initial seed weight, oil, protein, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn concentration in seed lots were also investigated. Their results were correlated with field emergence percentage of seed lots to detect the most suitable indicator for vigorous seed lot. The germination percentage varied from 56% to 100%, whil...
Transgenic Plant Technology for Remediation of Toxic Metals and Metalloids, 2019
Abstract Over the last century, the rapid growth of population, urbanization, and industrializati... more Abstract Over the last century, the rapid growth of population, urbanization, and industrialization, agriculture practices, unsuitable waste disposal, and natural processes, etc. have resulted in the release of large amounts of toxic contaminants into the biosphere. Phytoremediation is a very popular, environmentally friendly, and cheap, but slow process to clean up pollutants from the air, soil, and water via the roots and shoots (leaves and stem) of the plants. There are many plants used in this technique. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the ideal plant species for phytoremediation because of its high biomass production, high heavy metal accumulation capacity in the shoot, as well as its fast growth, deep rooting, and ease of harvesting. For the last 20 years, phytoremediation focused on the development of efficient transgenic plants, which is a new approach and has been used to remediate metal-contaminated soils. The ability of the tobacco plant for metal accumulation and tolerance could be improved with a foreign gene transfer. For this purpose, many genes from different sources (microbes, plants, and animals) have been isolated and inserted successfully into tobacco plants. This chapter discusses the current developments and phytoremediation abilities of transgenic tobacco plants in hydroponic, pot, and field experiments.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein-II (ScMT-II) genes expressed in Nicotiana tabacum and wi... more Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein-II (ScMT-II) genes expressed in Nicotiana tabacum and wild tobacco were grown for 14 days in growth chamber as hydroponics containing 0, 5, and 10 Cu mg L-1 to determine their Cu accumulation ability and to study Cu compartmentation in shoots and roots. Wild type (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Petite Havana SR1) and transgenic tobacco (p-S-ScMTII) plants wilted severely, showed stunted root growth with structural deformation. Shoot dry weight, Cu, and free sulphydryl (-SH) groups showed significant differences between transgenic and wild type tobacco plants. Copper accumulation in roots was 7.78 and 10.8 g kg-1 for transgenic and wild type tobacco, respectively. The study revealed that despite high Cu accumulation in roots, its translocation from roots to shoots was inhibited probably due to blockage and dieback in the root collar. It can be concluded that the main cause of failure in MTII gene induced Cu accumulation in shoots was collapse of ro...
Genetiği değiştirilmiş bitkiler, kurşunun (Pb) kökten yer üstü kısımlarına translokasyonunu geliş... more Genetiği değiştirilmiş bitkiler, kurşunun (Pb) kökten yer üstü kısımlarına translokasyonunu geliştirmek için büyük bir potansiyele sahip olabilir. Transgenik olmayan ( Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Petit Havana SR1) ve transgenik (p-cV-ChMTII GFP) tütün bitkileri tarafından Pb alımının sağlanması araştırmak için Çin hamsteri metalotiyonin II gezen bir kap deneyi yapıldı . Transgenik ve transgenik olmayan tütün bitkileri, 0, 1000, 2500, 5000 mg Pb kg- 1 ile Pb (NO 3 ) 2 olarak işlenmiş topraklarda yetiştirildi. Kelimede bir büyüme bölümünde 6 hafta boyunca çiçeklenme aşamasına kadar.Bitkilerin büyümesi, klorofil içeriği, mineral besin elementleri ve düşük glutatyon (GSH) bezleri, bitkilerin Pb alım potansiyeli ile birlikte incelenmiştir. Hem transgenik hem de transgenik olmayan bitkiler için Pb uygulamasındaki artışa bağlı olarak yer üstü biyokütle çevrildi aşamalı bir düşüş gözlendi. Yaprak besinlerinin bulaştığı, aşırı Pb işlemlerinden olumsuz etkilenmiştir, bunlardan en büyük düşüşü. S...
Abstract Phytoextraction is defined as a process during which the heavy metals, causing soil cont... more Abstract Phytoextraction is defined as a process during which the heavy metals, causing soil contamination, are conveyed to the green parts of the plant through roots and are accumulated there. However, the main problem after phytoextraction is that because of accumulation of metal ions by plants are defined as secondary contaminants and classified as hazardous wastes since they include an excessive amount of metal. Hence, how to use plant waste after phytoextraction is still a challenge that remains to be solved. In this study, canola (Brassica napus) and soybean (Glycine max) were used for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn). Two different extraction methods were used to dissolve heavy metals in waste biomass. The extraction method, in which the highest efficiency was obtained, was used an electrochemical method in order to remove/recover toxic metals from the biomass of canola (B. napus) and soybean (G. max) plants, harvested after phytoextraction process. Firstly, the heavy metal ions were transferred into the solution from biomass. Then these toxic metal ions were precipitated electrochemically within 2 h. Thus, the toxic ions, causing contamination, were transformed directly into metallic form by reducing the concentration (metal recovery). It was obtained electrochemical removal efficiencies of 80% for Cd, 94% for Pb and 68% for Zn in the solution of soybean biomass while they were 97% for Cd, 99% for Pb and 46% for Zn in the solution of canola biomass.
Heavy metals affect nutrient uptake of plants by means of either effecting root development and t... more Heavy metals affect nutrient uptake of plants by means of either effecting root development and transport systems or interfering with other plant nutrients in soil solution. In this study, the effect of toxic levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) on the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were investigated in hydroponic culture. There was no toxicity sign in 5 mg Zn L-1 level but the rest of the heavy metals used caused different extent of toxicity. The first visual signs of toxicity for these heavy metals were chlorosis and the reduction in shoot and root biomass due to inhibition of metabolic functions. As a result, N, P, K uptake significantly changed. As the ratio of percent decreases for N, P, K uptake were considered, the toxicity levels of the heavy metals were, in descending order, Ni > Cu > Zn > Cd. Ni had the element that having most serious inhibition effect on the concentration of all three elements, the order of ot...
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