Emeritus professor in Anthropology and Forced Migration at Oxford University. Fellow of the British Academy. Special interest in the Middle East ( the Levant and Sultanate of Oman). Scholar and advocate for rights of refugees, and other forced migrants. Address: Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
What are the odds that nomadic pastoralist societies will survive well into the twenty-first cent... more What are the odds that nomadic pastoralist societies will survive well into the twenty-first century? The chapters in this book take a hard look at this question, examining how nomadic herdsmen are doing in several areas of the world, including the West African Sahel, East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Tibet and Mongolia. The book, which is composed of papers given at the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES) Commission onNomadic Peoples (CNP) in Kunming, China (2009), is foregrounded by a fine plenary overview by Anatoly Khazanov. Khazanov describes the conditions that nomadic people have faced since colonial times, with their way of life repeatedly dismissed as peripheral to sedentary societies and governmental needs. The ostensible ‘emptiness’ of seasonal pastures has been used time and again to rationalise taking over the spaces of pastoralism, stretching as far back as the mid-seventeenth century when lands of the Khoekhoen were expropriated by Dutch colonists at Table Bay. As Salem Mezhoud and Clare Oxby aptly put it, ‘“No man’s land” too easily becomes “unoccupied land” or “vacant land”... and herders become displaced’ (60). The twenty-first century, however, has brought new problems of exclusion, and these are expertly described by Khazanov, who incisively notes ‘that modernisation of traditional pastoralists cannot be carried out in isolation from the broader political and developmental issues’, which is hindered by ‘their growing political weakness and subjugated positions in many post-colonial states’ (10). He goes on to discuss why the cross-border dynamics of pastoralism in many parts of Africa need a pan-African policy – an important issue that has been recognised by the African Union – which he suggests ‘should integrate the pastoralists in the mainstream market economy and national policy process’ (17). Two chapters discuss special expertise employed by pastoral groups to find their own niche. The chapter by Saverio Krätli discusses how the Woodabe Peul/Fulani of Niger breed their animals to be able to push the limits of the pasture zone beyond 10 km radius from a dry season water point to become more successfully competitive than their Tuareg neighbours. In Kenya, Stephen Moiko explores how the Olkiramatian Maasai have adopted the group ranch concept, but have set up local institutions to control access to their common property resource systems. As Moiko points out, individuals are permitted to
Comment un modeste quartier résidentiel, né à l’époque du Mandat français, est-il devenu un des c... more Comment un modeste quartier résidentiel, né à l’époque du Mandat français, est-il devenu un des centres de la vie intellectuelle et politique syrienne des années 1950-1960, puis un conservatoire de l’architecture et de l’espace urbains modernes ainsi que le principal lieu de commerces et de loisirs du centre ville de Damas ? Chaalan, quartier cosmopolite et espace de modernité sociale et architecturale dès sa formation, occupe en effet une place particulière dans l’évolution générale de la capitale syrienne. Cet ouvrage, résultat d’une recherche collective et pluridisciplinaire menée principalement entre 2005 et 2010 par une équipe franco-syrienne, propose de reconstituer l’histoire de ce « morceau de ville » en remontant dans la mémoire de ses familles fondatrices et de certains de ses habitants les plus anciens. Il propose aussi de rendre compte des principales mutations qu’a connues le quartier et de développer enfin une réflexion sur les notions de patrimoine habité et de patrimoine immatériel, réflexion qui pourrait permettre de répondre, en ces temps sombres que traverse la Syrie, à des questions comparables que posent aussi bien la préservation d’autres quartiers de Damas datant de la même époque que la reconstruction des villes syriennes affectées par la guerre
The articles presented here in this special issue on Displaced Syria emerged from a workshop held... more The articles presented here in this special issue on Displaced Syria emerged from a workshop held at The Institute of New York University in Abu Dhabi in March 2019. Its aims were to encourage an examination of the perceptions and aspiration of displaced Syrians and practitioners in hosting countries in the Levant, the Gulf, and in Europe with special attention to the voices of the displaced, their reimagining of home and homeland, and the emerging transnational sense of identity and belonging.
... 393 Barbara Casciarri Forced Migration, Sedentarization and Social Change: Malian Kel Tamashe... more ... 393 Barbara Casciarri Forced Migration, Sedentarization and Social Change: Malian Kel Tamasheq..... 431 Sara Randall and Alessandra Giuffrida Uncertain Livelihoods: Challenges Facing Herding in a LebaneseVillage..... ...
... Although mass return is unlikely to occur voluntarily, recent studies suggest that third coun... more ... Although mass return is unlikely to occur voluntarily, recent studies suggest that third country ... UNHCR (2009d) says that it does not currently encourage refugee repatriation, as conditions inside Iraq ... south, but also of severe problems in others, especially in the centre and the ...
ABSTRACT Lebanon's eastern borders are a particularly understudied region of the country.... more ABSTRACT Lebanon's eastern borders are a particularly understudied region of the country. This area is home to a number of refugee communities (Palestinian and Armenian) as well as recently settled and displaced Bedouin from the June 1967 war. This tribal community is both invisible in some regards and prominent in others. Barred from citizenship for many years, the Bedouin community is increasingly playing an active role in Lebanon's political scene while maintaining its cross-border connections transcending the nation-state. This paper examines the multi-layered Bedouin identities in the context of Lebanon's varied citizenship categories. It assesses the significance of cross-border attachments as well as recent developments in local, national and regional politics.
What are the odds that nomadic pastoralist societies will survive well into the twenty-first cent... more What are the odds that nomadic pastoralist societies will survive well into the twenty-first century? The chapters in this book take a hard look at this question, examining how nomadic herdsmen are doing in several areas of the world, including the West African Sahel, East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Tibet and Mongolia. The book, which is composed of papers given at the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (IUAES) Commission onNomadic Peoples (CNP) in Kunming, China (2009), is foregrounded by a fine plenary overview by Anatoly Khazanov. Khazanov describes the conditions that nomadic people have faced since colonial times, with their way of life repeatedly dismissed as peripheral to sedentary societies and governmental needs. The ostensible ‘emptiness’ of seasonal pastures has been used time and again to rationalise taking over the spaces of pastoralism, stretching as far back as the mid-seventeenth century when lands of the Khoekhoen were expropriated by Dutch colonists at Table Bay. As Salem Mezhoud and Clare Oxby aptly put it, ‘“No man’s land” too easily becomes “unoccupied land” or “vacant land”... and herders become displaced’ (60). The twenty-first century, however, has brought new problems of exclusion, and these are expertly described by Khazanov, who incisively notes ‘that modernisation of traditional pastoralists cannot be carried out in isolation from the broader political and developmental issues’, which is hindered by ‘their growing political weakness and subjugated positions in many post-colonial states’ (10). He goes on to discuss why the cross-border dynamics of pastoralism in many parts of Africa need a pan-African policy – an important issue that has been recognised by the African Union – which he suggests ‘should integrate the pastoralists in the mainstream market economy and national policy process’ (17). Two chapters discuss special expertise employed by pastoral groups to find their own niche. The chapter by Saverio Krätli discusses how the Woodabe Peul/Fulani of Niger breed their animals to be able to push the limits of the pasture zone beyond 10 km radius from a dry season water point to become more successfully competitive than their Tuareg neighbours. In Kenya, Stephen Moiko explores how the Olkiramatian Maasai have adopted the group ranch concept, but have set up local institutions to control access to their common property resource systems. As Moiko points out, individuals are permitted to
Comment un modeste quartier résidentiel, né à l’époque du Mandat français, est-il devenu un des c... more Comment un modeste quartier résidentiel, né à l’époque du Mandat français, est-il devenu un des centres de la vie intellectuelle et politique syrienne des années 1950-1960, puis un conservatoire de l’architecture et de l’espace urbains modernes ainsi que le principal lieu de commerces et de loisirs du centre ville de Damas ? Chaalan, quartier cosmopolite et espace de modernité sociale et architecturale dès sa formation, occupe en effet une place particulière dans l’évolution générale de la capitale syrienne. Cet ouvrage, résultat d’une recherche collective et pluridisciplinaire menée principalement entre 2005 et 2010 par une équipe franco-syrienne, propose de reconstituer l’histoire de ce « morceau de ville » en remontant dans la mémoire de ses familles fondatrices et de certains de ses habitants les plus anciens. Il propose aussi de rendre compte des principales mutations qu’a connues le quartier et de développer enfin une réflexion sur les notions de patrimoine habité et de patrimoine immatériel, réflexion qui pourrait permettre de répondre, en ces temps sombres que traverse la Syrie, à des questions comparables que posent aussi bien la préservation d’autres quartiers de Damas datant de la même époque que la reconstruction des villes syriennes affectées par la guerre
The articles presented here in this special issue on Displaced Syria emerged from a workshop held... more The articles presented here in this special issue on Displaced Syria emerged from a workshop held at The Institute of New York University in Abu Dhabi in March 2019. Its aims were to encourage an examination of the perceptions and aspiration of displaced Syrians and practitioners in hosting countries in the Levant, the Gulf, and in Europe with special attention to the voices of the displaced, their reimagining of home and homeland, and the emerging transnational sense of identity and belonging.
... 393 Barbara Casciarri Forced Migration, Sedentarization and Social Change: Malian Kel Tamashe... more ... 393 Barbara Casciarri Forced Migration, Sedentarization and Social Change: Malian Kel Tamasheq..... 431 Sara Randall and Alessandra Giuffrida Uncertain Livelihoods: Challenges Facing Herding in a LebaneseVillage..... ...
... Although mass return is unlikely to occur voluntarily, recent studies suggest that third coun... more ... Although mass return is unlikely to occur voluntarily, recent studies suggest that third country ... UNHCR (2009d) says that it does not currently encourage refugee repatriation, as conditions inside Iraq ... south, but also of severe problems in others, especially in the centre and the ...
ABSTRACT Lebanon's eastern borders are a particularly understudied region of the country.... more ABSTRACT Lebanon's eastern borders are a particularly understudied region of the country. This area is home to a number of refugee communities (Palestinian and Armenian) as well as recently settled and displaced Bedouin from the June 1967 war. This tribal community is both invisible in some regards and prominent in others. Barred from citizenship for many years, the Bedouin community is increasingly playing an active role in Lebanon's political scene while maintaining its cross-border connections transcending the nation-state. This paper examines the multi-layered Bedouin identities in the context of Lebanon's varied citizenship categories. It assesses the significance of cross-border attachments as well as recent developments in local, national and regional politics.
Proceedings of the 17th World Congress of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnolog... more Proceedings of the 17th World Congress of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences
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