This research was conducted to find out the analysis of learning process needs in early childhood... more This research was conducted to find out the analysis of learning process needs in early childhood at age 4 to 5 five years in Malang city and Malang regency. This research uses qualitative research method. The sample used was by purposive sampling technique based on geographical location, 2 PAUD is located in downtown area, 2 PAUD is in suburb area, and 2 PAUD is in remote area. The number of PAUD educators are 30. Based on the results of interviewing problems faced by the mother of PAUD educator can be concluded that: (1) problem planning faced include: selecting the method according to indicator 93.3%; developing learning media 93.3%; developing learning media 93.3%; developing indicator 83.9%; (5) Determining the material according to indicator 83.9%; (2) implementation: opening no problem; core experiencing problems in inspirational learning 83.3%; closing is no problem; and (3) the assessment of the problem: determining the assessment instrument in accordance with the domain that will be in the value of 83.3%; conducting judgment according to procedure 93.3%; analyzing the appraisal data 93.3%; summarizing the result of 93.3% assessment; reporting the results of the assessment 93.3%. Based on the results of the analysis of the needs of the learning process in early childhood at the institution of early childhood aged 4-5 years is still needed learning model of basic motion activities, activities to develop creativity and activities to develop prosocial behavior based on cognitive theory, humanistic theory, constructivist theory, 2014 and Candy 137 years 2014.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the following factors: (1) how far the effect of exerc... more The purpose of this research is to analyze the following factors: (1) how far the effect of exercise acceleration sprint on the speed and agility (2) how much influence the zigzag drill combination to the speed and agility (3) and is there any difference between the effects of exercise acceleration sprint and practice zigzag drill combination of the speed and agility. This research is quantitative with quasi-experimental approach. The design of this study is matching only design.This study was conducted on 33 male students who take part in extracurricular and divided into 3 groups with 11 students in each group. Group 1 was given training of acceleration sprint, group 2 was given zigzag training combination drills of conventional and exercises for group 3, for 8 weeks. The data collection was using sprint 30 meter to test the speed and agility t-test to test agility. Data were analyzed using t-test and analysis of variance. The conclusion of the research is (1) there is a significant effect of exercise acceleration sprint for the speed and agility, (2) there is a significant influence combination zigzag drills, on speed and agility (3) and exercise acceleration sprint have more effect on the speed and agility.
Purpose of this study is to determine the significant effect of high-impact aerobics exercise, an... more Purpose of this study is to determine the significant effect of high-impact aerobics exercise, and Zumba fitness on increasing VO2Max, decreasing of heart rate recovery, and decreasing of skinfold thickness. A sample of this study is 30 members aerobics of student activity unit. Type of this study was quantitative by using a quasi-experimental design method. The design of this study used Matching-Only Design. Data were Analyzed by using the t test (paired t-test). The samples divided into three groups consisted of experimental group I, experimental group II, and control group. They were given a treatment for 8 weeks or 24 meeting. For the data, retrieval is done by MFT test, heart rate recovery test, and skinfold thickness test. Furthermore, the result was analyzed by using SPSS 21 series. In conclusion, significant effect of high-impact aerobics and Zumba fitness on increasing VO2Max, heart rate recovery, skinfold thickness. 1. Introduction Physical fitness requires power, endurance and flexibility in order to do any physical activity. Sport is defined as physical activity formed of a game that contains the efforts against the elements of nature, other people, ourselves and the complexity of the organization. Furthermore, pulse rate is the basis for the correct and measurable physical activity. From the pulse rate intensity of a person in physical activity will be known, and it can also show how hard the heart works. Someone who has a normal pulse rate (slower) is believe that person has good VO2Max and will not get exhausted when they doing high-impact aerobics and Zumba exercise. VO2Max has an influence on the body's ability to perform the recovery. Faster recovery allows athletes to reduce the interval of rest between training sessions and matches, also to improve overall training load [3]. In addition, fat in the body can be detected through anthropometric examination [4] conclude that skinfold fat can be determined by using a skinfold thickness, more than 85% body fat stored in the subcutaneous tissue, whereas subcutaneous fat thickness was significantly associated with weight. The aim of this study is to examine significant effect on high-impact aerobics and Zumba toward VO2 Max, heart rate recovery, and skinfold thickness). In this this research, I would to bring forward the idea that my study will be reference for high-impact aerobics, heart rate recovery as well as skinfold thickness.
Abstrak. This study aimed to analyze the effect of speed, agility and quickness training program ... more Abstrak. This study aimed to analyze the effect of speed, agility and quickness training program to increase in speed, agility and acceleration. This study was conducted at 26 soccer players and divided into 2 groups with 13 players each group. Group 1 was given SAQ training program, and Group 2 conventional training program for 8 weeks. This study used a quantitative approach with quasi-experimental method. The design of this study used a matching-only design. Data was collected by testing 30-meter sprint (speed), agility t-test (agility), and run 10 meters (acceleration) during the pretest and posttest. Furthermore, the data was analyzed using paired sample t-test and independent t-test. The results showed: that there was a significant effect of speed, agility and quickness training program in improving in speed, agility and acceleration. In summary, it can be concluded that the speed, agility and quickness training program can improve the speed, agility and acceleration of the soccer players.
High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a type of exercise that combines high-intensity exerci... more High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a type of exercise that combines high-intensity exercise and low intensity exercise in a certain time interval. This type of training is very effective and efficient to improve the physical components. The process of improving athletes achievement related to how the process of improving the physical components, so the selection of a good practice method will be very helpful. This study aims to analyze how is the effects of HIIT on increasing explosive power, speed, and agility. This type of research is quantitative with quasi-experimental methods. The design of this study used the Matching-Only Design, with data analysis using the t-test (paired sample t-test). After being given the treatment for six weeks, the results showed there are significant increasing in explosive power, speed, and agility. HIIT in this study used a form of exercise plyometric as high-intensity exercise and jogging as mild or moderate intensity exercise. Increase was due to the improvement of neuromuscular characteristics that affect the increase in muscle strength and performance. From the data analysis, researchers concluded that, Exercises of High Intensity Interval Training significantly effect on the increase in Power Limbs, speed, and agility.
Soccer players are required to have good physical fitness in order to achieve optimum accomplishm... more Soccer players are required to have good physical fitness in order to achieve optimum accomplishment; physical fitness stands as the foundation of technical and tactical proficiency as well as the mental maturity during the matches. The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological profile of junior soccer players of SSB Surabaya Bhakti age 16-17. The research was conducted at 20 junior soccer players. This research was quantitative with descriptive analysis. Data were collected by testing of physiological (anaerobic power and capacity including explosive leg power, speed, agility; aerobic capacity: cardiovascular endurance). Data was analyzed using percentage. The result showed that the percentage of explosive leg power of junior soccer players were 30% (good category), speed was 85% (average category), right agility was 90% (average category), left agility was 75% (average category). On the other hand, the aerobic power and capacity of the junior soccer players in this study was 50% (average category). The conclusion of this research is that the physiological profile of junior soccer players at SSB Surabaya Bhakti age 16-17 was majority in average category.
The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological demands and distance covered during n... more The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological demands and distance covered during national competitive 2016. Method used 9 female players including 2 backs, 3 halves, 4 forwards. Data was collected by measuring heart rate, blood lactate, distance covered and time spent walking/running. Data was analysed using mean, standard deviation, and range. Results found that the mean heart rate and blood lactate concentration during warm up were 96,412,7 bpm and 1,70,8 mmolL-1 ; at the end of the first half of the match was 171,26,3 bpm and 5,23,1 mmolL-1 ; prior to start at the second half was 130,83,8 bpm and 3,73,6 mmolL-1 ; and the end of the second half was 157,412,7 bpm and 5,80,2 mmolL-1. A mean of total distance covered during the complete field hockey game was 4372,5263,9 m. Mean value of time spent walking and running were 41,42 minutes and 28,18 minutes, respectively. Conclusion of this study was female field hockey players have lower heart rate, blood lactate concentration, distance covered and time spent walking/running than other players in the literature reviews. Implication of this study can be used to evaluate the training program in order to improve performance enhancement of the players.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
The main purpose of this study was to identify young talented sprinter using discriminant factor.... more The main purpose of this study was to identify young talented sprinter using discriminant factor. The research was conducted in 3 steps including item pool, screening of item pool, and trial of instruments at the small and big size of samples. 315 male elementary school students participated in this study with mean age of 11-13 years old. Data were collected by measuring anthropometry (standing height, sitting height, body mass, and leg length); testing physical fitness (40m sprint for speed, shuttle run for agility, standing broad jump for power, multistage fitness test for endurance). Data were analyzed using discriminant factor. The result of this study found that there were 5 items that selected as an instrument to identify young talented sprinter: sitting height, body mass, leg length, sprint 40m, and multistage fitness test. Model of Discriminant for talent identification in sprinter was D =-24,497 + (0,155 sitting height) + (0,080 body mass) + (0,148 leg length) + (-1,225 Sprint 40m) + (0,563 MFT). The conclusion of this study: instrument tests that have been selected and discriminant model that have been found can be applied to identify young talented as a sprinter.
The main purpose of the research was to evaluate physical and physiological of junior high school... more The main purpose of the research was to evaluate physical and physiological of junior high school students in Indonesia. Five hundred and twenty students in West Java participated (240 girls and 280 boys) in the research. Data was collected by measuring physical including standing height, sitting height, body mass, and spam arm; and testing of physiological for an aerobic including sprint 40m, shuttle run, vertical jump, basketball throw, and for aerobic including multistage fitness test. Data was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The results showed that mean of standing height was 151,29±6,55 cm (girls) and 156,31±9,86 cm (boys), sitting height was 79,58±5,10 cm (girls) and 81,81±5,14 cm (boys), body mass was 43,48±8,29 kg (girls) and 44,51±10,26 kg (boys), spam arm was 153,12±7,28 cm (girls) and 159,67±11,09 cm (boys) for physical measurement. Mean of sprint 40m was 8,14±0,95 seconds (girls) and 7,27±4,97 seconds (boys), shuttle run was 23,78±2,06 seconds (girls) and 21,12±2,26 seconds (boys), vertical jump was 31,49±9,12 cm (girls) and 39,79±10,82 cm (boys), basketball throw was 3,32±0,64 m (girls) and 4,07±0,86 m (boys), and multistage fitness test was 34,26±2,21 ml/kg/min (girls) and 42,12±4,31 ml/kg/min (boys) for physiological testing. The conclusion was that Junior High School in West Java Indonesia needs to be improved for their physiological performance.
Kusnanik, N. et al.: Effect of ladder speed run and repeated sprint ability in... Abstract The ma... more Kusnanik, N. et al.: Effect of ladder speed run and repeated sprint ability in... Abstract The main purpose of study was to analyse the effect of ladder speed run and repeated sprint ability exercise in improving agility and speed. The research was conducted on 33 junior soccer players in Surabaya with age between 15 – 17 years old. There were three groups with 11 participants in each group: Group 1 was given treatment of ladder speed run, Group 2 repeated sprint ability, and Group 3 control group. Data was collected by testing of speed and agility using 30m sprint and Illinois agility test. Data was analysed using paired t-test and One Way Anova with α = 0,05. Results: There was a significant effect of ladder speed run exercise on speed and agility witht 7.302 >t 1.833 and t 7.872 >t 1.883 , respectively. In addition, there was a significant effect of repeated sprint ability on speed and agility with t 7.934 >t 1.833 and t 8.693 >t 1.833 , respectively. There were significant differences between the three of groups in speed with t 6.281 >t 3.35. Furthermore, there were significant difference between the three of groups in agility with t 3.473 >t 3.35. Group 2 was better than Group 1 and Group 3 in increasing agility and speed. Conclusion: There was significant effect of ladder speed run and repeated sprintability in increasing agility and speed.
ABSTRACT To validate a field based incremental test for performance assessment in orienteers. Sev... more ABSTRACT To validate a field based incremental test for performance assessment in orienteers. Seven well trained male orienteers (age 23.7 ±2.0 (X ±SD) yrs, height 181.5 ±8.0 cm, mass 71.4 ±5.1 kg, VO2max 72.4 ± 3.1 ml/kgxmin) volunteered to participate in this study.
High power output (W. kg-1) of short duration is important in mountain bike (MTB) racing during t... more High power output (W. kg-1) of short duration is important in mountain bike (MTB) racing during the mass start, steep hill climbing, and sprints. Research examining the physiological demands of MTB racing is limited. PURPOSE To simulate a field MTB race in the laboratory to measure the physiological and metabolic responses associated with MTB racing. METHODS Five well-trained male MTB cross-country cyclists (VO2max 72.0±4.6 ml. kg-1. min-1, maximum power output (MPO) 5.40±0.30 W.
This research was conducted to find out the analysis of learning process needs in early childhood... more This research was conducted to find out the analysis of learning process needs in early childhood at age 4 to 5 five years in Malang city and Malang regency. This research uses qualitative research method. The sample used was by purposive sampling technique based on geographical location, 2 PAUD is located in downtown area, 2 PAUD is in suburb area, and 2 PAUD is in remote area. The number of PAUD educators are 30. Based on the results of interviewing problems faced by the mother of PAUD educator can be concluded that: (1) problem planning faced include: selecting the method according to indicator 93.3%; developing learning media 93.3%; developing learning media 93.3%; developing indicator 83.9%; (5) Determining the material according to indicator 83.9%; (2) implementation: opening no problem; core experiencing problems in inspirational learning 83.3%; closing is no problem; and (3) the assessment of the problem: determining the assessment instrument in accordance with the domain that will be in the value of 83.3%; conducting judgment according to procedure 93.3%; analyzing the appraisal data 93.3%; summarizing the result of 93.3% assessment; reporting the results of the assessment 93.3%. Based on the results of the analysis of the needs of the learning process in early childhood at the institution of early childhood aged 4-5 years is still needed learning model of basic motion activities, activities to develop creativity and activities to develop prosocial behavior based on cognitive theory, humanistic theory, constructivist theory, 2014 and Candy 137 years 2014.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the following factors: (1) how far the effect of exerc... more The purpose of this research is to analyze the following factors: (1) how far the effect of exercise acceleration sprint on the speed and agility (2) how much influence the zigzag drill combination to the speed and agility (3) and is there any difference between the effects of exercise acceleration sprint and practice zigzag drill combination of the speed and agility. This research is quantitative with quasi-experimental approach. The design of this study is matching only design.This study was conducted on 33 male students who take part in extracurricular and divided into 3 groups with 11 students in each group. Group 1 was given training of acceleration sprint, group 2 was given zigzag training combination drills of conventional and exercises for group 3, for 8 weeks. The data collection was using sprint 30 meter to test the speed and agility t-test to test agility. Data were analyzed using t-test and analysis of variance. The conclusion of the research is (1) there is a significant effect of exercise acceleration sprint for the speed and agility, (2) there is a significant influence combination zigzag drills, on speed and agility (3) and exercise acceleration sprint have more effect on the speed and agility.
Purpose of this study is to determine the significant effect of high-impact aerobics exercise, an... more Purpose of this study is to determine the significant effect of high-impact aerobics exercise, and Zumba fitness on increasing VO2Max, decreasing of heart rate recovery, and decreasing of skinfold thickness. A sample of this study is 30 members aerobics of student activity unit. Type of this study was quantitative by using a quasi-experimental design method. The design of this study used Matching-Only Design. Data were Analyzed by using the t test (paired t-test). The samples divided into three groups consisted of experimental group I, experimental group II, and control group. They were given a treatment for 8 weeks or 24 meeting. For the data, retrieval is done by MFT test, heart rate recovery test, and skinfold thickness test. Furthermore, the result was analyzed by using SPSS 21 series. In conclusion, significant effect of high-impact aerobics and Zumba fitness on increasing VO2Max, heart rate recovery, skinfold thickness. 1. Introduction Physical fitness requires power, endurance and flexibility in order to do any physical activity. Sport is defined as physical activity formed of a game that contains the efforts against the elements of nature, other people, ourselves and the complexity of the organization. Furthermore, pulse rate is the basis for the correct and measurable physical activity. From the pulse rate intensity of a person in physical activity will be known, and it can also show how hard the heart works. Someone who has a normal pulse rate (slower) is believe that person has good VO2Max and will not get exhausted when they doing high-impact aerobics and Zumba exercise. VO2Max has an influence on the body's ability to perform the recovery. Faster recovery allows athletes to reduce the interval of rest between training sessions and matches, also to improve overall training load [3]. In addition, fat in the body can be detected through anthropometric examination [4] conclude that skinfold fat can be determined by using a skinfold thickness, more than 85% body fat stored in the subcutaneous tissue, whereas subcutaneous fat thickness was significantly associated with weight. The aim of this study is to examine significant effect on high-impact aerobics and Zumba toward VO2 Max, heart rate recovery, and skinfold thickness). In this this research, I would to bring forward the idea that my study will be reference for high-impact aerobics, heart rate recovery as well as skinfold thickness.
Abstrak. This study aimed to analyze the effect of speed, agility and quickness training program ... more Abstrak. This study aimed to analyze the effect of speed, agility and quickness training program to increase in speed, agility and acceleration. This study was conducted at 26 soccer players and divided into 2 groups with 13 players each group. Group 1 was given SAQ training program, and Group 2 conventional training program for 8 weeks. This study used a quantitative approach with quasi-experimental method. The design of this study used a matching-only design. Data was collected by testing 30-meter sprint (speed), agility t-test (agility), and run 10 meters (acceleration) during the pretest and posttest. Furthermore, the data was analyzed using paired sample t-test and independent t-test. The results showed: that there was a significant effect of speed, agility and quickness training program in improving in speed, agility and acceleration. In summary, it can be concluded that the speed, agility and quickness training program can improve the speed, agility and acceleration of the soccer players.
High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a type of exercise that combines high-intensity exerci... more High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a type of exercise that combines high-intensity exercise and low intensity exercise in a certain time interval. This type of training is very effective and efficient to improve the physical components. The process of improving athletes achievement related to how the process of improving the physical components, so the selection of a good practice method will be very helpful. This study aims to analyze how is the effects of HIIT on increasing explosive power, speed, and agility. This type of research is quantitative with quasi-experimental methods. The design of this study used the Matching-Only Design, with data analysis using the t-test (paired sample t-test). After being given the treatment for six weeks, the results showed there are significant increasing in explosive power, speed, and agility. HIIT in this study used a form of exercise plyometric as high-intensity exercise and jogging as mild or moderate intensity exercise. Increase was due to the improvement of neuromuscular characteristics that affect the increase in muscle strength and performance. From the data analysis, researchers concluded that, Exercises of High Intensity Interval Training significantly effect on the increase in Power Limbs, speed, and agility.
Soccer players are required to have good physical fitness in order to achieve optimum accomplishm... more Soccer players are required to have good physical fitness in order to achieve optimum accomplishment; physical fitness stands as the foundation of technical and tactical proficiency as well as the mental maturity during the matches. The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological profile of junior soccer players of SSB Surabaya Bhakti age 16-17. The research was conducted at 20 junior soccer players. This research was quantitative with descriptive analysis. Data were collected by testing of physiological (anaerobic power and capacity including explosive leg power, speed, agility; aerobic capacity: cardiovascular endurance). Data was analyzed using percentage. The result showed that the percentage of explosive leg power of junior soccer players were 30% (good category), speed was 85% (average category), right agility was 90% (average category), left agility was 75% (average category). On the other hand, the aerobic power and capacity of the junior soccer players in this study was 50% (average category). The conclusion of this research is that the physiological profile of junior soccer players at SSB Surabaya Bhakti age 16-17 was majority in average category.
The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological demands and distance covered during n... more The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological demands and distance covered during national competitive 2016. Method used 9 female players including 2 backs, 3 halves, 4 forwards. Data was collected by measuring heart rate, blood lactate, distance covered and time spent walking/running. Data was analysed using mean, standard deviation, and range. Results found that the mean heart rate and blood lactate concentration during warm up were 96,412,7 bpm and 1,70,8 mmolL-1 ; at the end of the first half of the match was 171,26,3 bpm and 5,23,1 mmolL-1 ; prior to start at the second half was 130,83,8 bpm and 3,73,6 mmolL-1 ; and the end of the second half was 157,412,7 bpm and 5,80,2 mmolL-1. A mean of total distance covered during the complete field hockey game was 4372,5263,9 m. Mean value of time spent walking and running were 41,42 minutes and 28,18 minutes, respectively. Conclusion of this study was female field hockey players have lower heart rate, blood lactate concentration, distance covered and time spent walking/running than other players in the literature reviews. Implication of this study can be used to evaluate the training program in order to improve performance enhancement of the players.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
The main purpose of this study was to identify young talented sprinter using discriminant factor.... more The main purpose of this study was to identify young talented sprinter using discriminant factor. The research was conducted in 3 steps including item pool, screening of item pool, and trial of instruments at the small and big size of samples. 315 male elementary school students participated in this study with mean age of 11-13 years old. Data were collected by measuring anthropometry (standing height, sitting height, body mass, and leg length); testing physical fitness (40m sprint for speed, shuttle run for agility, standing broad jump for power, multistage fitness test for endurance). Data were analyzed using discriminant factor. The result of this study found that there were 5 items that selected as an instrument to identify young talented sprinter: sitting height, body mass, leg length, sprint 40m, and multistage fitness test. Model of Discriminant for talent identification in sprinter was D =-24,497 + (0,155 sitting height) + (0,080 body mass) + (0,148 leg length) + (-1,225 Sprint 40m) + (0,563 MFT). The conclusion of this study: instrument tests that have been selected and discriminant model that have been found can be applied to identify young talented as a sprinter.
The main purpose of the research was to evaluate physical and physiological of junior high school... more The main purpose of the research was to evaluate physical and physiological of junior high school students in Indonesia. Five hundred and twenty students in West Java participated (240 girls and 280 boys) in the research. Data was collected by measuring physical including standing height, sitting height, body mass, and spam arm; and testing of physiological for an aerobic including sprint 40m, shuttle run, vertical jump, basketball throw, and for aerobic including multistage fitness test. Data was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The results showed that mean of standing height was 151,29±6,55 cm (girls) and 156,31±9,86 cm (boys), sitting height was 79,58±5,10 cm (girls) and 81,81±5,14 cm (boys), body mass was 43,48±8,29 kg (girls) and 44,51±10,26 kg (boys), spam arm was 153,12±7,28 cm (girls) and 159,67±11,09 cm (boys) for physical measurement. Mean of sprint 40m was 8,14±0,95 seconds (girls) and 7,27±4,97 seconds (boys), shuttle run was 23,78±2,06 seconds (girls) and 21,12±2,26 seconds (boys), vertical jump was 31,49±9,12 cm (girls) and 39,79±10,82 cm (boys), basketball throw was 3,32±0,64 m (girls) and 4,07±0,86 m (boys), and multistage fitness test was 34,26±2,21 ml/kg/min (girls) and 42,12±4,31 ml/kg/min (boys) for physiological testing. The conclusion was that Junior High School in West Java Indonesia needs to be improved for their physiological performance.
Kusnanik, N. et al.: Effect of ladder speed run and repeated sprint ability in... Abstract The ma... more Kusnanik, N. et al.: Effect of ladder speed run and repeated sprint ability in... Abstract The main purpose of study was to analyse the effect of ladder speed run and repeated sprint ability exercise in improving agility and speed. The research was conducted on 33 junior soccer players in Surabaya with age between 15 – 17 years old. There were three groups with 11 participants in each group: Group 1 was given treatment of ladder speed run, Group 2 repeated sprint ability, and Group 3 control group. Data was collected by testing of speed and agility using 30m sprint and Illinois agility test. Data was analysed using paired t-test and One Way Anova with α = 0,05. Results: There was a significant effect of ladder speed run exercise on speed and agility witht 7.302 >t 1.833 and t 7.872 >t 1.883 , respectively. In addition, there was a significant effect of repeated sprint ability on speed and agility with t 7.934 >t 1.833 and t 8.693 >t 1.833 , respectively. There were significant differences between the three of groups in speed with t 6.281 >t 3.35. Furthermore, there were significant difference between the three of groups in agility with t 3.473 >t 3.35. Group 2 was better than Group 1 and Group 3 in increasing agility and speed. Conclusion: There was significant effect of ladder speed run and repeated sprintability in increasing agility and speed.
ABSTRACT To validate a field based incremental test for performance assessment in orienteers. Sev... more ABSTRACT To validate a field based incremental test for performance assessment in orienteers. Seven well trained male orienteers (age 23.7 ±2.0 (X ±SD) yrs, height 181.5 ±8.0 cm, mass 71.4 ±5.1 kg, VO2max 72.4 ± 3.1 ml/kgxmin) volunteered to participate in this study.
High power output (W. kg-1) of short duration is important in mountain bike (MTB) racing during t... more High power output (W. kg-1) of short duration is important in mountain bike (MTB) racing during the mass start, steep hill climbing, and sprints. Research examining the physiological demands of MTB racing is limited. PURPOSE To simulate a field MTB race in the laboratory to measure the physiological and metabolic responses associated with MTB racing. METHODS Five well-trained male MTB cross-country cyclists (VO2max 72.0±4.6 ml. kg-1. min-1, maximum power output (MPO) 5.40±0.30 W.
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