PHD THESIS by Lisa Sartini
Tesi di dottorato discussa presso l'Università di Pisa il 25/01/2021
La presente tesi di dottor... more Tesi di dottorato discussa presso l'Università di Pisa il 25/01/2021
La presente tesi di dottorato interessa una particolare classe di sarcofagi denominati “sarcofagi neri con decorazione gialla” che furono utilizzati nell’antico Egitto durante buona parte del Nuovo Regno (1473 – 1143 a.C. ca.). Attraverso un’analisi puntuale condotta su materiali e tecniche di costruzione, materiali utilizzati per la decorazione, tecniche decorative, iconografia, formule funerarie, nonché sulle differenze stilistiche e qualitative dovute a diversità geografiche e sociali, sono riuscita ad identificare delle peculiari caratteristiche che mi hanno permesso di avanzare nuove ipotesi di datazione e classificazione per questa classe di oggetti, con il fine ultimo di poter offrire un esaustivo lavoro di riferimento nell’ambito degli studi.
This doctoral thesis concerns a particular class of coffins called "black coffins with yellow decoration" which were used in ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom (about 1473 - 1143 BC). I carried out a detailed analysis on construction materials and techniques, varnishes and pigments used for the decoration, decoration techniques, iconographic themes, funerary inscriptions, as well as on the differences in quality and style due to the different centers of production and the social class of the coffins’ owners. This investigation has led to original results which allowed me to propose new chronological and classification methods for this class of objects, relating my investigations to other studies in this research area.
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Papers by Lisa Sartini
Il seguente lavoro interessa la classe di sarcofagi antropoidi denominata “a vernice nera con dec... more Il seguente lavoro interessa la classe di sarcofagi antropoidi denominata “a vernice nera con decorazione gialla” in uso durante il Nuovo Regno. Il principale scopo di questa tesi è la definizione di un metodo di classificazione e datazione di questa classe, fondato sugli esemplari catalogati. Sulla base di un’analisi puntuale della decorazione sono stati individuati dei caratteri iconografici datanti che hanno permesso di circoscrivere con più precisione il momento d’impiego di alcuni dei sarcofagi a vernice nera catalogati. In conclusione sono state inoltre rilevate 3 fasi all’interno dell’evoluzione di questa classe di sarcofagi
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La presente tesi di dottorato interessa una particolare classe di sarcofagi denominati “sarcofagi... more La presente tesi di dottorato interessa una particolare classe di sarcofagi denominati “sarcofagi neri con decorazione gialla” che furono utilizzati nell’antico Egitto durante buona parte del Nuovo Regno (1473 – 1143 a.C. ca.). Attraverso un’analisi puntuale condotta su materiali e tecniche di costruzione, materiali utilizzati per la decorazione, tecniche decorative, iconografia, formule funerarie, nonché sulle differenze stilistiche e qualitative dovute a diversità geografiche e sociali, sono riuscita ad identificare delle peculiari caratteristiche che mi hanno permesso di avanzare nuove ipotesi di datazione e classificazione per questa classe di oggetti, con il fine ultimo di poter offrire un esaustivo lavoro di riferimento nell’ambito degli studi. This doctoral thesis concerns a particular class of coffins called "black coffins with yellow decoration" which were used in ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom (about 1473 - 1143 BC). I carried out a detailed analysis on con...
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Egitto e vicino Oriente, 2016
Concerning the black coffins with yellow decoration, which were in use from the reign of Hatsheps... more Concerning the black coffins with yellow decoration, which were in use from the reign of Hatshepsut- Tuthmosis III to the reign of Ramses II, I have carried out an iconographic analysis on lid, case, inner surface, head end and foot end. As a result of this investigation, I have identified several iconographic characteristics that have allowed to me to put forward a more precise dating to the part of the coffins that had been generally dated between the 18th and 19th dynasty so far, and an original classification proposal.
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Egitto e Vicino Oriente, 2020
The study of ancient Egyptian coffin decoration has received more interest in the last years. The... more The study of ancient Egyptian coffin decoration has received more interest in the last years. There has been an increase of archaeometric analysis to identify decoration techniques, ground layers, type of pigments, resins, varnishes, and binder media. Any degree of variation, indeed, can reflect stylistic choices, different costs of commission, availability of materials or the practices of a specific workshop1. Despite the several recent investigation on Late Period, Ptolemaic and Roman coffins preserved in various museums, the most interesting works on the varnishes used on funerary objects during the New Kingdom (i.e. the yellow varnish and black varnish) have been published by Serpico and White2. According to them, the first use of these two varnishes is dated back to the appearance of the black coffins with yellow decoration, which are the main topic of Lisa Sartini current PhD project. Therefore, we decided to analyse the organic compounds in the decoration of the black coffins of the Egyptian Museum in Florence, thanks to the collaboration between the Department of Civilisations and Forms of Knowledge and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa. The sampled specimens are: the coffin of Kent (6526), the coffin of Nebtauy (6525), the lid and the mummy-board of Ipuy (2175 A-B) – all coming from Thebes and dated between the end of 18th dynasty-beginning 19th dynasty – and the coffin of Kenamun (9477) from Thebes, dated in the reign of Amenhotep II3. Our research is in addition to the analysis already performed on the black coffins with yellow decoration exhibited in the British Museum, the Louvre Museum, the Museo Egizio of Turin and the Michael C. Carlos Museum.
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Ancient Egyptian Coffins, 2018
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La mission a debute plus tard que prevu, car les autorisations de la Securite ont ete delivrees f... more La mission a debute plus tard que prevu, car les autorisations de la Securite ont ete delivrees fin janvier, deux semaines apres la date du 15 janvier fixee pour l’ouverture de la mission. Faute de temps, certaines equipes n’ont pas reussi a atteindre leurs objectifs. La mission a poursuivi les travaux engages en 2018 axes sur l’etude et la restauration des tombes de la necropole de l’ouest et du mobilier conserve dans les magasins du site. Quatre equipes sont intervenues dans les TT 2, TT 2B...
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Bulletin de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale
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Bulletin archéologique des Écoles françaises à l’étranger
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BIFAO, 2021
In recent years, the research carried out at Deir el-Medina under the aegis of the French Institu... more In recent years, the research carried out at Deir el-Medina under the aegis of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology in Cairo (Ifao) has taken on new directions, accelerating the study of unpublished documentation and broadening the scope of research in many fields. In the 2018 and 2019 seasons, the reopening of pits 1022, 1049 and tomb TT217, used as magazines, led to the exciting rediscovery of hundreds of wooden objects excavated by B. Bruyère, among which various coffins and coffin fragments have been identified. Following this rediscovery, a team of researchers specializing in woodcraft was set up within the archaeological mission of Deir el-Medina (Ifao), with the aim of analysing, publishing and repacking all the wooden objects preserved at the site. The New Kingdom black coffins with yellow decoration found in the magazines are the subject of the first publication of Deir el-Medina Studia, bringing together the archaeometric analyses in addition to the technical, stylistic and prosopographic observations made by three members of the wood team. This comprehensive analysis of the black coffins is the first milestone in the on-going research.
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Egitto E Vicino Oriente 42, 2019
The study of ancient Egyptian coffin decoration has received more interest in the last years. The... more The study of ancient Egyptian coffin decoration has received more interest in the last years. There has been an increase of archaeometric analysis to identify decoration techniques, ground layers, type of pigments, resins, varnishes, and binder media. Any degree of variation, indeed, can reflect stylistic choices, different costs of commission, availability of materials or the practices of a specific workshop1. Despite the several recent investigation on Late Period, Ptolemaic and Roman coffins preserved in various museums, the most interesting works on the varnishes used on funerary objects during the New Kingdom (i.e. the yellow varnish and black varnish) have been published by Serpico and White2. According to them, the first use of these two varnishes is dated back to the appearance of the black coffins with yellow decoration, which are the main topic of Lisa Sartini current PhD project. Therefore, we decided to analyse the organic compounds in the decoration of the black coffins of the Egyptian Museum in Florence, thanks to the collaboration between the Department of Civilisations and Forms of Knowledge and the Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry of the University of Pisa. The sampled specimens are: the coffin of Kent (6526), the coffin of Nebtauy (6525), the lid and the mummy-board of Ipuy (2175 A-B) – all coming from Thebes and dated between the end of 18th dynasty-beginning 19th dynasty – and the coffin of Kenamun (9477) from Thebes, dated in the reign of Amenhotep II3. Our research is in addition to the analysis already performed on the black coffins with yellow decoration exhibited in the British Museum, the Louvre Museum, the Museo Egizio of Turin and the Michael C. Carlos Museum.
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Ancient Egyptian Coffins: Past – Present – Future, 2019
The paper shows several results of my Master’s dissertation "I sarcofagi a vernice nera della XVI... more The paper shows several results of my Master’s dissertation "I sarcofagi a vernice nera della XVIII – XIX dinastia: uno studio tipologico e cronologico", defended at the University of Pisa.
I wish to present some details of my iconographic study and its results, relating my investigations to other studies in this research area. In addition, I will discuss some new black coffins I recently added to my catalogue, especially some specimens from Dahshur, which confirm that the tradition of the black coffins with yellow decoration continued after the reign of Ramses II.
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Concerning the black coffins with yellow decoration, which were in use from the reign of Hatsheps... more Concerning the black coffins with yellow decoration, which were in use from the reign of Hatshepsut- Tuthmosis III to the reign of Ramses II, I have carried out an iconographic analysis on lid, case, inner surface, head end and foot end. As a result of this investigation, I have identified several iconographic characteristics that have allowed to me to put forward a more precise dating to the part of the coffins that had been generally dated between the 18th and 19th dynasty so far, and an original classification proposal.
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Master dissertation by Lisa Sartini
The subject of this MA dissertation are the black coffins with yellow decoration of the New Kingd... more The subject of this MA dissertation are the black coffins with yellow decoration of the New Kingdom.
Although in recent past black coffins with yellow decoration were taken into consideration by some scholars, deep and comprehensive studies have never been made. Furthermore only a small number of specimens have a thorough publication.
Starting from this situation I have tried to fill this gap in my Master dissertation written under the supervision of Professor Marilina Betrò at the University of Pisa. In less than one year I have catalogued about seventy coffins, mostly thanks to all the museums that have provided unpublished images and valuable information to me. Construction techniques, decoration techniques, funerary inscriptions and iconographic themes have been considered in my research: lid, case, inner surface, head end and foot end of the coffins have been individually analysed. This investigation has led to some original results, which have refuted several different hypotheses suggested so far about black coffins with yellow decoration.
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Talks by Lisa Sartini
Current Research in Egyptology, Prague, 2018
The black coffins with yellow decoration of the New Kingdom are the topic of my ongoing PhD proje... more The black coffins with yellow decoration of the New Kingdom are the topic of my ongoing PhD project. During my in-depth iconographic study, I noted that some coffins show a peculiar colour scheme: the vertical and horizontal bands dividing the surface into panels present black inscriptions on a yellow or golden background, with some variations. Which is contrary to the canonical scheme showing the very opposite colour combination.
Some of these coffins have been dated generally to the 18th dynasty so far, and their origin site is unknown. Could this peculiar decoration scheme support a more precise dating? How is it related to other dating iconographic features? Could it be connected to the social position of the owner? Presenting these atypical black coffins, some of which unpublished, I will illustrate the methodology behind the study I carried out in order to answer to the former questions.
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Conference Ancient Egyptian Coffins: past - present - future, Fitzwilliam Museum, University of C... more Conference Ancient Egyptian Coffins: past - present - future, Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge
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CFP by Lisa Sartini
Bulletin archéologique des Écoles françaises à l’étranger, 2022
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PHD THESIS by Lisa Sartini
La presente tesi di dottorato interessa una particolare classe di sarcofagi denominati “sarcofagi neri con decorazione gialla” che furono utilizzati nell’antico Egitto durante buona parte del Nuovo Regno (1473 – 1143 a.C. ca.). Attraverso un’analisi puntuale condotta su materiali e tecniche di costruzione, materiali utilizzati per la decorazione, tecniche decorative, iconografia, formule funerarie, nonché sulle differenze stilistiche e qualitative dovute a diversità geografiche e sociali, sono riuscita ad identificare delle peculiari caratteristiche che mi hanno permesso di avanzare nuove ipotesi di datazione e classificazione per questa classe di oggetti, con il fine ultimo di poter offrire un esaustivo lavoro di riferimento nell’ambito degli studi.
This doctoral thesis concerns a particular class of coffins called "black coffins with yellow decoration" which were used in ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom (about 1473 - 1143 BC). I carried out a detailed analysis on construction materials and techniques, varnishes and pigments used for the decoration, decoration techniques, iconographic themes, funerary inscriptions, as well as on the differences in quality and style due to the different centers of production and the social class of the coffins’ owners. This investigation has led to original results which allowed me to propose new chronological and classification methods for this class of objects, relating my investigations to other studies in this research area.
Papers by Lisa Sartini
I wish to present some details of my iconographic study and its results, relating my investigations to other studies in this research area. In addition, I will discuss some new black coffins I recently added to my catalogue, especially some specimens from Dahshur, which confirm that the tradition of the black coffins with yellow decoration continued after the reign of Ramses II.
Master dissertation by Lisa Sartini
Although in recent past black coffins with yellow decoration were taken into consideration by some scholars, deep and comprehensive studies have never been made. Furthermore only a small number of specimens have a thorough publication.
Starting from this situation I have tried to fill this gap in my Master dissertation written under the supervision of Professor Marilina Betrò at the University of Pisa. In less than one year I have catalogued about seventy coffins, mostly thanks to all the museums that have provided unpublished images and valuable information to me. Construction techniques, decoration techniques, funerary inscriptions and iconographic themes have been considered in my research: lid, case, inner surface, head end and foot end of the coffins have been individually analysed. This investigation has led to some original results, which have refuted several different hypotheses suggested so far about black coffins with yellow decoration.
Talks by Lisa Sartini
Some of these coffins have been dated generally to the 18th dynasty so far, and their origin site is unknown. Could this peculiar decoration scheme support a more precise dating? How is it related to other dating iconographic features? Could it be connected to the social position of the owner? Presenting these atypical black coffins, some of which unpublished, I will illustrate the methodology behind the study I carried out in order to answer to the former questions.
CFP by Lisa Sartini
La presente tesi di dottorato interessa una particolare classe di sarcofagi denominati “sarcofagi neri con decorazione gialla” che furono utilizzati nell’antico Egitto durante buona parte del Nuovo Regno (1473 – 1143 a.C. ca.). Attraverso un’analisi puntuale condotta su materiali e tecniche di costruzione, materiali utilizzati per la decorazione, tecniche decorative, iconografia, formule funerarie, nonché sulle differenze stilistiche e qualitative dovute a diversità geografiche e sociali, sono riuscita ad identificare delle peculiari caratteristiche che mi hanno permesso di avanzare nuove ipotesi di datazione e classificazione per questa classe di oggetti, con il fine ultimo di poter offrire un esaustivo lavoro di riferimento nell’ambito degli studi.
This doctoral thesis concerns a particular class of coffins called "black coffins with yellow decoration" which were used in ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom (about 1473 - 1143 BC). I carried out a detailed analysis on construction materials and techniques, varnishes and pigments used for the decoration, decoration techniques, iconographic themes, funerary inscriptions, as well as on the differences in quality and style due to the different centers of production and the social class of the coffins’ owners. This investigation has led to original results which allowed me to propose new chronological and classification methods for this class of objects, relating my investigations to other studies in this research area.
I wish to present some details of my iconographic study and its results, relating my investigations to other studies in this research area. In addition, I will discuss some new black coffins I recently added to my catalogue, especially some specimens from Dahshur, which confirm that the tradition of the black coffins with yellow decoration continued after the reign of Ramses II.
Although in recent past black coffins with yellow decoration were taken into consideration by some scholars, deep and comprehensive studies have never been made. Furthermore only a small number of specimens have a thorough publication.
Starting from this situation I have tried to fill this gap in my Master dissertation written under the supervision of Professor Marilina Betrò at the University of Pisa. In less than one year I have catalogued about seventy coffins, mostly thanks to all the museums that have provided unpublished images and valuable information to me. Construction techniques, decoration techniques, funerary inscriptions and iconographic themes have been considered in my research: lid, case, inner surface, head end and foot end of the coffins have been individually analysed. This investigation has led to some original results, which have refuted several different hypotheses suggested so far about black coffins with yellow decoration.
Some of these coffins have been dated generally to the 18th dynasty so far, and their origin site is unknown. Could this peculiar decoration scheme support a more precise dating? How is it related to other dating iconographic features? Could it be connected to the social position of the owner? Presenting these atypical black coffins, some of which unpublished, I will illustrate the methodology behind the study I carried out in order to answer to the former questions.