Venkatkiran Reddy

The rising population and reduction in the amount of land and some other resources have created tremendous pressure on current agricultural producers to meet the increasing food demands. To cope with this challenge, certain key inputs, such as fertilizers and other chemicals, are overused, which are worsening the surroundings. This intensive agricultural production without adherence to ecological sustainability has led to declining soil health, land degradation, and severe environmental problems. So, future efforts to feed the growing population should aim for greater agricultural production within sustainable environments. In this regard, innovative steps are needed, as business-as-usual policies lack the potential to cope with these challenges. The concept of agricultural sustainability and various soil and crop management strategies (SCMS) that have been designed to optimize crop yield under sustainable environmental conditions are discussed, including nutrient management, site s...

The review traces the agronomic research on cotton and dovetails the research achievements to other developmental launched programmes by the Government which ultimately led India transform itself from a net importer of cotton to an era of self sufficiency and export. The launching of the All India Coordinated Cotton Improvement Project in 1967, establishment of the Central Institute for Cotton Research in 1976 and the release of Bt cotton hybrids can be considered as landmarks of cotton research and development in independent India which provided opportunities for agronomists to standardize package of practices to the new varieties and hybrids. Progress of research on cotton establishment, nutrient management, water management, weed management strategies stressing on more eco-friendly alternative and development of innovative inter and sequential cropping systems were the salient achievements reviewed. These agronomic advances increased productivity and/or reduced input costs and enhanced profits from cotton production system. With short-duration cotton varieties and appropriate agro-nomic practices cotton-wheat double cropping system firmly established in about 14 lakh hectares in northern zone.

Administrators. ▲ Balancing Diverse Learning Needs. ▲ Handle too many masters. ▲ Get Burn out Easily. ▲ Lack of proper funding. ▲ Limitations of standardized Testing. ▲ Balancing the different learning needs of students. Every student who walks through my door is different. ▲ Respecting expectations from school admins. ▲ Helping parents and students meet long-term goals ▲ Inspiring students to be more self-directed ▲ Improving Learning Outcomes ▲ Getting students to do their work outside the classroom ▲ Understanding Changing Technology ▲ Parental Involvement ▲ Persistent learning blocks ▲ Some get it; some don't. Diverging attainment ▲ I can't get around to everyone. Real-time checking for gaps in understanding. ▲ If we keep going back we'll never finish: Curriculum coverage vs securing mastery ▲ If I let them talk, they don't all do it properly. Managing productive talk. ▲ They just don't do the work. Infusing peer cultures with a work ethic. ▲ The main problem is to maintain the interest of the students. Of course, their interest in changing due to technological devices, then we need to use them in reaching more action to the educational activity. ▲ The other point is that they no longer study for the problems in the future; they really want to know about the useful applications of what they study. The reason of that is while the students remain with the same age, year after year, we become older step by step. ▲ Knowing their students well. ▲ Understanding the different learning abilities and capacities of the students. ▲ Motivating and encouraging them when the students underperform and have to deal with parental and peer pressure. ▲ Building an effective communication channel between the Management-Parents-Students.

Factorial ANOVA • The ANOVA designs we have dealt with up to this point, known as simple ANOVA or one-way ANOVA, had only one independent grouping variable or factor. However, oftentimes a researcher has more than one independent grouping variable, or factor of interest. • Factorial ANOVA is used when we want to consider the effect of more than one factor on differences in the dependent variable. A factorial design is an experimental design in which each level of each factor is paired up or crossed with each level of every other factor. In other words each combination of the levels of the factors is included in the design. This type of design is often depicted in a table. • We typically refer to ANOVA designs by the number of factors and/or by the number of levels within a factor. A one-way ANOVA refers to a design with one factor, two-way ANOVA has two factors, three-way ANOVA has three factors, etc. A two-by-three ANOVA is a two-way ANOVA with two levels of the first factor and three levels of the second factor. A three-by-four-by-two ANOVA is a three-way ANOVA with three levels of the first factor, four of the second, and two of the third.

AGRICULTURAL QUESTIONS 1. Red Delicious is a variety of (a) Apple (b) Guava (c) Mango (d) Papaya (Ans : a) 2. The ratio between marketable crop yield and water used in evapotranspiration is known as (a) Water use efficiency (b) Consumptive use efficiency (c) Field water use efficiency (d) Economic irrigation efficiency (Ans : a) 3. Which of the following elements is not essential element of plants but proves to be beneficial for some plants? (a) Copper (b) Sodium (c) Boron (d) Iodine (Ans : b) 4. In Jute growing areas the usual alternate crop is (a) Sugarcane (b) Wheat (c) Cotton (d) Rice (Ans : d) 5. Which one of the following fertilizers is known as Kisan Khad? (a) Ammonium Sulphate (b) Urea (c) Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (d) None of these (Ans : c) 6. The colour of tomato is due to the presence of (a) Xanthomonas (b) Anthocyanin (c) Lycopin (d) Carotene (Ans : c) 7. The cropping intensity of maize-potato-tobacoo is (a) 200% (b) 100% (c) 300 (d) None of these (Ans : c) 8. In India post-harvest losses of fruit and vegetable is. Per cent of the total production. (a) 25 30 (b) 40 45 (c) 15 20 (d) 50 50 (Ans : a) 9. Neelum is variety of (a) Papaya (b) Mango (c) Grape (d) Apple (Ans : b) 10. Which one of the following is not a primary nutrient? (a) N (b) S (c) K (d) P (Ans : b) 11. TPS technique is related to (a) Tomato (b) Potato (c) Sugarcane (d) All of these (Ans : b) 12. Where do the female mango leaf hoppers lay their eggs? (a) On the dorsal surface of leaves (b) On the ventral surface of leaves (c) Inside the mid-rib of leaves (d) inside the tissue of leaf margin (Ans : b) 13. Seed rate of American cotton is (a) 12 kg/ha (b) 20 kg/ha (c) 30 kg/ha (d) 35 kg/ha (Ans : b) 14. First blight of sugarcane is due to deficiency of nutrient