This article is an analysis of capital judicial override in Alabama through localist theories of capital punishment, with special focus on Liebman and Clarke's arguments about parochialism and libertarianism. We suggest that localism is... more
This article is an analysis of capital judicial override in Alabama through localist theories of capital punishment, with special focus on Liebman and Clarke's arguments about parochialism and libertarianism. We suggest that localism is related to high rates of death sentencing in one county even when the sentencing agent is a judge, not a jury. We begin with a review of Liebman and Clarke's analysis, then proceed with a description of the law on override in Alabama, and conclude with a qualitative content analysis of sentencing opinions from Jefferson County, Alabama (which has the highest number of overrides to death). After finding evidence of parochialism and libertar-ianism in all of the sentencing opinions, we suggest that localism may be related to high death sentencing in Jefferson County and urge scholars to study this phenomenon in other high death penalty active counties. Keywords race and sentencing, race and courts, supreme court decisions, race and death penalty, guided discretion statutes, race-of-the-victim effects
This article examines United States immigration policy in three states: Arizona, Alabama, and Indiana. All three states have varying rates of Latino immigration and a complex set of socioeconomic and cultural factors; yet nonetheless,... more
This article examines United States immigration policy in three states: Arizona, Alabama, and Indiana. All three states have varying rates of Latino immigration and a complex set of socioeconomic and cultural factors; yet nonetheless, all have participated in the criminalization of undocumented immigrants through state-level legislative action. First, this article explores Latino migration to the United States and its relationship to the forces of globalization. Second, we discuss the consequences and impacts of racialized and decentralized immigration policy. Third, we detail the history and background of each state law and its economic and social costs. Lastly, we conclude with implications of these policies on the lives of undocumented immigrants, social welfare policy, social work and transnational practice, and social work education.
This article examines the dilemmas faced by undocumented immigrants within the criminal justice system vis-à-vis the immigrant detention center and the resulting implications for social work. It explores the new realities for... more
This article examines the dilemmas faced by undocumented immigrants
within the criminal justice system vis-à-vis the immigrant
detention center and the resulting implications for social work.
It explores the new realities for undocumented immigrants in the
United States, including an explanation of state policies that have
led to the criminalization of immigrants. The criminal justice
and homeland security responses to undocumented immigrants,
including the trend toward the privatization of immigration detention
centers are analyzed. Finally, the implications of these trends
for social work practice are discussed.
The following is an online awareness intervention designed to reduce anti-immigrant sentiment and myth throughout the greater community by means of an educational toolkit. The foundation of this toolkit was designed using macro level... more
The following is an online awareness intervention designed to reduce anti-immigrant sentiment and myth throughout the greater community by means of an educational toolkit. The foundation of this toolkit was designed using macro level theoretical intervention frameworks. The content is grounded in empirically based interpersonal communication strategies specialized in addressing anti-immigrant sentiment. The goal of this toolkit is to provide a source for humanizing and factual education especially for those who are unfamiliar with immigrant community members. The intervention achieves this goal by means of three specific elements: 1) Humanizing and inspiring personal stories from immigrants in the local community who have overcome structural and cultural barriers to reach high levels of success; 2) infographics designed to educate community members by presenting factual data which refutes common anti-immigrant myths; and 3) avenues for inspired members to become active in immigration related social change and learn more about the benefits of immigrants to any community.
The purpose of this chapter is to explore the Northwest Detention Center as representing a nexus of key aspects of the immigration debate. The NWDC is a private, for- profit immigration detention center in the city of Tacoma, Washington.... more
The purpose of this chapter is to explore the Northwest Detention Center as representing a nexus of key aspects of the immigration debate. The NWDC is a private, for- profit immigration detention center in the city of Tacoma, Washington. In this chapter, we will explore how the NWDC, symbolically and in practice, represents a poignant expression of key dynamics of the “immigration debate” in the United States today. To meet these aims we explore several interlocking areas. First, we present a brief description of the NWDC itself, providing the reader with context about its purpose and development. Second, we present the NWDC as representative of widespread trends toward the privatization of prisons, and immigration detention more specifically. Third, we explore the NWDC as being a powerful expression of the increased movement toward the criminalization of immigration. Fourth, we show how these trends have led to various micro- and macro- level human rights violations, and how these are perpetrated by the NWDC. Fifth, we explore how advocacy and human rights groups have responded to the center and the realities it embodies.
The United States has had a wavering acceptance of immigrants throughout itshistory, from eager invitations to violent and immediate forced removals. Presently, immigrants from Central America are in the spotlight, who have been... more
The United States has had a wavering acceptance of immigrants throughout itshistory, from eager invitations to violent and immediate forced removals. Presently, immigrants from Central America are in the spotlight, who have been dehumanized into that of the “other” and subjected to harsh deportation and criminal proceedings as a result of these perceptions. This article will show that ‘othering’ immigrants has been a part of restrictive immigration policy since the origins of the United States, continuing to present day by the following: 1) “othering” is explained in application to undocumented immigrants in America; 2) a history of US deportation policy is discussed in order to provide a context to the deep-seated tendency of “othering” in the US; 3) recent federal U.S. policies are introduced, examining the constant presence of “othering” unauthorized immigrants, with a primary focus on the Secure Communities program; 4) the widespread phenomenon of “othering” is discussed, both in the US and internationally, as well as the current state of the “alien other” in American political discourse.
Immigration is a notoriously complex and hotly contested issue, now more than ever. To make matters more complicated, harmful myths surrounding immigrants and immigration frequently find their way into mainstream rhetoric, especially... more
Immigration is a notoriously complex and hotly contested issue, now more than ever.
To make matters more complicated, harmful myths surrounding immigrants and immigration frequently find their way into mainstream rhetoric, especially since the Trump administration’s rise to power, further obscuring the common perception of immigrants and immigration policy.
Many of these myths — such as that immigrants don’t pay taxes or that they take jobs from American citizens or that they are criminals and terrorists — have been repeatedly proved as simply untrue. The problem with such frequent use of “alternative facts” and myths promulgated by our leaders is that they tend to be repeated...
California is home to approximately one-third of the Cambodian American population, many of whom came to the United States as refugees. In a chapter from her book, Southeast Asian Migration: People on the Move in Search of Work, Refuge... more
California is home to approximately one-third of the Cambodian American population, many of whom came to the United States as refugees. In a chapter from her book, Southeast Asian Migration: People on the Move in Search of Work, Refuge and Belonging, BIMI-affiliate and Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies Khatharya Um, explores how Cambodian American youth participate in artistic expression and political engagement to navigate the burdens of transgenerational trauma and forced migration. Drawing on Prof. Um’s research, this policy brief makes recommendations for activists, educators, policy makers, and service providers to support the empowerment of young Cambodian Americans and other refugee communities.
This article examines United States immigration policy in three states: Arizona, Alabama, and Indiana. All three states have varying rates of Latino immigration and a complex set of socioeconomic and cultural factors; yet nonetheless, all... more
This article examines United States immigration policy in three states: Arizona, Alabama, and Indiana. All three states have varying rates of Latino immigration and a complex set of socioeconomic and cultural factors; yet nonetheless, all have participated in the criminalization of undocumented immigrants through state-level legislative action. First, this article explores Latino migration to the United States and its relationship to the forces of globalization. Second, we discuss the consequences and impacts of racialized and decentralized immigration policy. Third, we detail the history and background of each state law and its economic and social costs. Lastly, we conclude with implications of these policies on the lives of undocumented immigrants, social welfare policy, social work and transnational practice, and social work education.
This article examines United States immigration policy in three states: Arizona, Alabama, and Indiana. All three states have varying rates of Latino immigration and a complex set of socioeconomic and cultural factors; yet nonetheless, all... more
This article examines United States immigration policy in three states: Arizona, Alabama, and Indiana. All three states have varying rates of Latino immigration and a complex set of socioeconomic and cultural factors; yet nonetheless, all have participated in the criminalization of undocumented immigrants through state-level legislative action. First, this article explores Latino migration to the United States and its relationship to the forces of globalization. Second, we discuss the consequences and impacts of racialized and decentralized immigration policy. Third, we detail the history and background of each state law and its economic and social costs. Lastly, we conclude with implications of these policies on the lives of undocumented immigrants, social welfare policy, social work and transnational practice, and social work education.
The purpose of this book, “The Immigrant Other: Lived Experiences in a Transnational World,” is to explore the lived experiences of immigrants whose lives have been impacted by the criminalization of immigration. Unlike past books that... more
The purpose of this book, “The Immigrant Other: Lived Experiences in a Transnational World,” is to explore the lived experiences of immigrants whose lives have been impacted by the criminalization of immigration. Unlike past books that focus on specific laws and policies, whether federal or state, this book focuses on the “lived experience” of the immigrant herself. In a sense, we turn social policy on its head, and focus on the subjectively experienced consequences of various political and social configurations. In our edited volume, we will have chapters that work inductively, that is, authors will build their analysis based upon the lives of the immigrants. Authors will have several key ways in which to place the lived experience of “the immigrant other” at the center of their chapters. These will include descriptions from qualitative research (ethnography, participant observation, phenomenological, and other qualitative methods and traditions), case studies from direct service o...
The United States has had a wavering acceptance of immigrants throughout itshistory, from eager invitations to violent and immediate forced removals. Presently, immigrants from Central America are in the spotlight, who have been... more
The United States has had a wavering acceptance of immigrants throughout itshistory, from eager invitations to violent and immediate forced removals. Presently, immigrants from Central America are in the spotlight, who have been dehumanized into that of the “other” and subjected to harsh deportation and criminal proceedings as a result of these perceptions. This article will show that ‘othering’ immigrants has been a part of restrictive immigration policy since the origins of the United States, continuing to present day by the following: 1) “othering” is explained in application to undocumented immigrants in America; 2) a history of US deportation policy is discussed in order to provide a context to the deep-seated tendency of “othering” in the US; 3) recent federal U.S. policies are introduced, examining the constant presence of “othering” unauthorized immigrants, with a primary focus on the Secure Communities program; 4) the widespread phenomenon of “othering” is discussed, both i...
This article examines United States immigration policy in three states: Arizona, Alabama, and Indiana. All three states have varying rates of Latino immigration and a complex set of socioeconomic and cultural factors; yet nonetheless, all... more
This article examines United States immigration policy in three states: Arizona, Alabama, and Indiana. All three states have varying rates of Latino immigration and a complex set of socioeconomic and cultural factors; yet nonetheless, all have participated in the criminalization of undocumented immigrants through state-level legislative action. First, this article explores Latino migration to the United States and its relationship to the forces of globalization. Second, we discuss the consequences and impacts of racialized and decentralized immigration policy. Third, we detail the history and background of each state law and its economic and social costs. Lastly, we conclude with implications of these policies on the lives of undocumented immigrants, social welfare policy, social work and transnational practice, and social work education.
Immigration detention causes psychological, physiological, and financial harm, primarily to noncitizens of color. Following a mass release of "lower-priority" individuals, responses to the COVID-19 pandemic provide an opportunity to... more
Immigration detention causes psychological, physiological, and financial harm, primarily to noncitizens of color. Following a mass release of "lower-priority" individuals, responses to the COVID-19 pandemic provide an opportunity to envision a system more focused on freedom and pragmatism rather than retributive and ineffective notions of human warehousing and deterrence. Utilizing community-based case management (CBCM), a majority of detained noncitizens could be immediately returned to their families and communities under agency discretion. While some alternatives to incarceration serve as extensions of the carceral state, CBCM maintains required court appearances and preserves occupational and familial obligations at a fraction of detention costs without the need for intensive surveillance or restrictions. Drawing upon available research, theories of violence, and strengths-based case management, this article critically examines the emergence of mass immigration detention in the United States and considers a noncarceral approach to mitigate such state violence against detained noncitizens, as well as their families and communities. The profession of social work is uniquely positioned to implement CBCM to address the mass detention crisis and the grand challenge of smart decarceration. Social workers are well-equipped to 1) advocate for sensible decarceration policy, 2) conduct action-oriented scholarly research on the impacts of detention and outcomes of CBCM, and 3) provide integrated case management for noncitizens in immigration removal proceedings.